不同肥料对毛竹冬笋品质特征的影响

连续使用3种不同肥料3年后对冬笋品质特征影响的研究结果表明：蛋白质平均含量的百分比比对照减少0.2～0.35,还原米糖含量的百分比比对照减少0.05～0.12,脂肪平均含量中只有处理C的百分比比对照减少0.1,可溶性固形物的含量没有明显变化均为7.5%,粗纤维含量的百分比比对照增加0.07～0.1,砷（As）含量为绿色食品控制标准的12%～20%,铅（Pb）含量为绿色食品控制标准的51%～97%,镉（Cd）含量为绿色食品控制标准的58%～74%。     

高等农业院校素质教育评价体系的构建

构建素质教育评价体系对高校改革发展具有重要作用。调查显示,农业院校学生迫切需要强化素质教育。农业院校素质教育评价体系的构建与实施应从自身实际出发,针对学生实际,构建科学合理的知识结构,突出学生的综合发展测评。同时,注意助推学校的改革发展,准确合理定位学校的层次、类型、功能和特色,使学校育人目标和社会人才需求目标一致,学校发展目标和师生发展目标相和谐。     

高校图书馆馆藏文献资源建设质量控制研究

提出了新时期高校图书馆强化馆藏文献资源建设质量控制的必要性，并从采访工作、编目工作两大方面详细论述了怎样才能做好馆藏文献资源建设的质量控制工作。     

从农产品消费选择趋向浅谈农产品质量提升之路径选择

党的十九大做出了实施乡村振兴战略的重要部署，这就需要推进农业高质量发展，首要任务是农产品质量的提升，当前农产品消费选择的趋向是追求更安全、高品质、有特色、更健康，文章分析了农产品供给与需求之间的错位问题以及成因，并据此提出通过加强科学研究、推行全程质量控制技术、强化信息服务、加强监督管理等方式来促进农产品质量提升和满足消费需求。     

Feed preference and growth response of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei to supplementation of marine chemoattractants in a fishmeal‐challenged diet

This study compared the feed preference and growth response of Litopenaeus vannamei to chemoattractants. A diet with 3% fishmeal was supplemented with either 3% salmon meal (POS), 3% soy protein concentrate (NEG), 3% krill meal (KRM), 3% squid meal (SQM), 3% shrimp head meal (SHM), 3% shrimp meal (SM), 3% squid liver meal (SLM), or 5% liquid sardine hydrolysate (SAH). Shrimp with a body weight (BW) of 0.99 ± 0.08 g were stocked at 100 animals/m² in 56 tanks of 1 m³ and fed 10 times daily for 74 days. Feed preference was evaluated by feeding shrimp of 10.87 ± 1.82 g in excess twice a day for 10 days in two separate feeding trays allocated in 50 tanks of 0.5 m³. Survival reached 93.3 ± 5.80% and was unaffected by supplementation. Final BW was the highest for shrimp fed the KRM‐supplemented diet (11.97 ± 0.93 g), followed by POS (11.11 ± 0.77 g) and SQM (11.01 ± 1.17 g). Diets SHM, SM, SLM, and NEG showed a lower shrimp BW than POS, but were not statistically different among them. Shrimp fed the SAH diet achieved the lowest BW (10.06 ± 1.02 g). The highest gained yield was obtained with diets KRM and POS. No statistical difference was observed in shrimp yield among other diets. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was achieved with shrimp fed KRM (1.31 ± 0.05) when compared to diets SHM (1.47 ± 0.05), SAH (1.47 ± 0.07), and SLM (1.45 ± 0.17). Two‐by‐two comparisons indicated that shrimp preferred SHM and KRM, except when these were compared to SQM and SLM. No difference in feed preference was found between diets with SQM and SLM. SAH was the least preferred raw material in all comparisons. Results indicated that KRM acts as a powerful feeding effector and growth enhancer in fishmeal‐challenged diets for whiteleg shrimp. A dietary supplementation with 3% KRM is more effective than the same dose of any other chemoattractant evaluated.     

Mineral bioaccessibility in French breads fortified with different forms iron and its effects on rheological and technological parameters

The present study investigated the effect of different forms of Fe used in the fortification of wheat flour on the rheological characteristics of flour and technological quality of French breads and the bioaccessibility of added Fe, Zn and Ca naturally occurring by in vitro assay. The results demonstrated that the wheat flour was suitable for use in bakery products; however, the farinograph and extensograph parameters were affected by different forms of Fe, which also changed the technological quality of breads, with no negative impacts on bread making. The NaFeEDTA and SF microencapsulated proved to be the most effective’s forms of iron, due to its higher dialyzed Fe content. Zinc bioaccessibility is not high, thus the NaFeEDTA contributed positively for the absorption of this mineral. In contrast, a high bioaccessibility of calcium was observed, which was not affected by the majority forms of iron. Additionally, Fe, Ca and Zn naturally occurring also presented high bioacessibility. Thus, French bread made with flour fortified with iron can contribute to demand and supply of minerals, and the form of Fe used can affect not only Fe bioaccessibility, but also Zn, leading to changes in the rheological properties of wheat flour and technological quality.     

大豆种间杂交F_2代主要品质性状遗传研究初报

以栽培大豆铁豆67为母本,半野生大豆YZ1621为父本,进行有性杂交,构建大豆种间杂交F2代遗传群体,对群体蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及蛋脂总量等遗传参数进行了分析。结果表明:大豆种间杂交F2代蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及蛋脂总量的遗传分离为连续离散分布,符合正态分布,其中,脂肪含量和蛋脂总量表现出倾向高值亲本的正态分布;三性状超中亲遗传普遍存在,蛋脂总量超高亲遗传显著,超高亲比例达到66.7%;三性状的遗传方差、标准差均较小,变异系数分别为4.04%、5.13%、2.67%,表明群体内个体间的变异度不高;三性状广义遗传力均达到了55.0%以上。     

2种保鲜处理对草莓的贮藏效果研究

为解决草莓采后果实腐烂变质问题,将草莓置于甘草提取液、乳酸钙溶液、蒸馏水中浸泡1 min,取出晾干后常温贮藏,比较3组草莓失重率、腐烂率、可溶性糖、维生素C含量、超氧化物歧化酶SOD活性的变化。与对照组相比,贮藏7天后,甘草提取液组草莓失重率降低34.72%、腐烂率降低31.56%、可溶性糖含量提高99.10%、维生素C含量提高154.55%、超氧化物歧化酶SOD活性提高206.24%,乳酸钙处理和甘草提取液保鲜效果没有显著差异(P>0.05)。实验期内,2种处理方法均可提高草莓保鲜效果。     

特定黄瓜品种果实发育过程中品质变化

[目的]研究中农19号和中农29号这2个品种的最佳采收期。[方法]选取中农19号、中农29号2个黄瓜品种,研究其在果实发育过程中果实纵径、横径及可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、维生素C含量变化,确定这2个品种的最佳采收期。[结果]中农19号、中农29号第5~10天生长最快,果实纵径、横径随时间延长逐渐变长、变粗;可溶性蛋白及维生素C含量变化:中农19号在第8天达到最高,随后又下降并趋于稳定;中农29号则是在第8天达到最高,后先下降又升高。中农9号可溶性糖含量先升高后下降再升高,而中农29号则出现2次高峰。[结论]综合考虑生理指标和形态指标,确定中农19号、中农29号均在开花后第8天为最佳采收期。     

Turbidity‐induced changes in emergent effects of multiple predators with different foraging strategies

Abstract – In natural systems, prey frequently interact with multiple predators and the outcome often cannot be predicted by summing the effects of individual predator species. Multiple predator interactions can create emergent effects for prey, but how those change across environmental gradients is poorly understood. Turbidity is an environmental factor in aquatic systems that may influence multiple predator effects on prey. Interactions between a cruising predator (largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides) and an ambush predator (muskellunge Esox masquinongy) and their combination foraging on a shared prey (bluegill Lepomis macrochirus) were examined across a turbidity gradient. Turbidity modified multiple predator effects on prey. In clear water, combined predators consumed in total more prey than expected from individual predator treatments, suggesting risk enhancement for prey. In moderately turbid water, the predators consumed fewer prey together than expected, suggesting a risk reduction for prey. At high turbidity, there were no apparent emergent effects; however, the cruising predator consumed more prey than the ambush predator, suggesting an advantage for this predator. Understanding multiple predator traits across a gradient of turbidity increases our understanding of how complex natural systems function.