The effect of fire disturbance on short-term soil respiration in typical forest of Greater Xing’an Range,China

We investigated the effect of fire disturbance on short-term soil respiration in birch （Betula platyphylla Suk.） and larch （Larix gmelinii Rupr.） forests in Greater Xing’an range, northeastern China for further understanding of its effect on the carbon cycle in ecosystems. Our study show that post-fire soil respiration rates in B. platyphylla and L. gmelinii forests were reduced by 14%and 10%, respectively. In contrast, the soil heterotrophic respiration rates in the two types of forest were similar in post-fire and control plots. After fire, the contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration was dramatically reduced. Variation in soil respiration rates was explained by soil moisture （W） and soil tem-perature （T） at a depth of 5 cm. Exponential regression fitted T and W models explained Rs rates in B. platyphylla control and post-fire plots （83.1% and 86.2%） and L. gmelinii control and post-fire plots （83.7%and 88.7%）. In addition, the short-term temperature coefficients in B.     

管理层权力对企业绩效的影响研究——基于企业内部治理机制视角

以我国主板上市企业数据为基础,实证检验了上市企业管理层权力对企业绩效的影响,内部治理机制对管理层权力——企业绩效敏感性的影响。实证结果表明,内部治理机制影响管理层权力与企业绩效之间关系的敏感性,当不考虑内部治理机制时,企业绩效与管理层权力综合变量在1%水平上显著正相关,具有较高教育背景和持有企业股权的管理层,能为企业带来更好的业绩。当考虑内部治理机制时,企业绩效与管理层权力综合变量仅在10%水平上正相关。管理层权力综合变量对股权制衡度较低和独立董事比重较高的企业的绩效具有显著正向影响。     

Application of soya phosphatidylcholine in tuna orbital oil enrichment emulsions for Artemia

Oil-seawater emulsions of 12%, 8%, 4% and 2% soya phosphatidylcholine (PC) in tuna orbital oil (TOO) (w:w) were tested with respect to their suitability as Artemia enrichment media. Levels of essential fatty acids (EFA) accumulated by feeding Artemia nauplii were measured after enrichment periods of 0, 14, 18 and 20 h, and the stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in the emulsions were also monitored throughout the enrichment process. Artemia enrichment efficiency in terms of %DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6w-3) and DHA:EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5w-3) ratios were similar for all four types of emulsions (10-12% and 1.7-1.8, respectively). However, 8% and 12% soya PC/TOO emulsions yielded nauplii with slightly higher mean lipid contents than the other two treatments (235-243 and 217-229 mg lipid g-1 dry body weight, respectively). Stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels within the emulsions in seawater, and of DHA and EPA levels in particular, correlated with soya PC concentration. In 12% soya PC/TOO emulsions, PUFA levels remained high after 20 h enrichment whilst those in the 2% and 4% soya PC emulsions showed a marked reduction by 18 h enrichment time. It is suggested that soya PC may protect PUFA levels in the emulsions in a dose-dependent manner, probably by acting as an antioxidant. No significant improvement in Artemia total lipid content or DHA:EPA ratio occurred when enrichment was continued for longer than 18 h. When using this enrichment system, it is preferable, therefore, to employ the 12% soya PC/TOO emulsion and to terminate the enrichment process at 18 h, thus preventing the risk of PUFA levels deteriorating in the emulsion.     

新基因Xa22[t]在滇粳优1号中的运用及其MAS体系的建立

本研究利用回交方法将抗白叶枯病新基因Xa22[t]导入云南高原区主栽品种滇粳优1号,在BC3F1群体中利用PCR分子标记对目标性状和背景进行辅助选择,结合田间接种鉴定,选出了5株抗病性和农艺性状均符合要求的植株,改良了滇粳优1号的抗病性,并为今后的抗病分子育种工作提供相应的信息。     

高产田鲁麦22号产量构成优化分析

１９９５～１９９６年对鲁麦２２号小麦亩产５５０ｋｇ以上的２０块高产田进行了分析。该品种亩穗数、穗粒数和千粒重与产量的偏相关系数分别为０．９８８７＊＊、０．９７６７＊＊和０．８６５１＊＊；三因素间偏相关关系分析，亩穗数与穗粒数间有微弱的正相关，但与千粒重间呈极显著的负相关，穗粒数与千粒重间有显著的正相关。通径分析，亩穗数、穗粒数、千粒重对产量的净作用分别为０．７３４３、－０．０５２９和－０．１６４１。表明亩穗数对产量贡献最大，是该品种的主攻方向。通常亩产６００ｋｇ的适宜产量构成为３０．８６～３１．９８万穗／亩、４４．８～４６．８粒／穗、千粒重４８．９～５１．５ｇ     

Effects of dietary levels of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 on tissue lipid composition in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, with emphasis on brain and eye

Four dietary groups of juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., each with three replicates, were fed diets with increasing levels of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA). Fatty acid composition of brain and eye was determined at the start and approximately every 3 weeks during the experimental period, and fatty acid composition of liver and fillet was determined in fish from the final sampling. Lipid class composition of brain and eye, and fatty acid composition of these lipid classes was determined at the end of the experiment. There was no effect of increasing dietary DHA content on fatty acid composition, lipid class composition or DHA levels in the lipid classes in the juvenile Atlantic salmon brain. The increasing dietary EPA content, however, was reflected in both the total fatty acid composition and in the EPA content in neutral lipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). A minor effect of the increasing dietary DHA content was found in the lipid composition of the juvenile salmon eye. Both EPA and 18:2n-6 levels in eye, however, clearly reflected the increasing and decreasing, respectively, dietary levels of these two fatty acids. The dietary EPA levels also affected the EPA levels in neutral lipids, PC, PE, PI and PS (phosphatidylserine) in the juvenile salmon eye. The results demonstrate that these dietary levels of DHA had no effect on brain lipid composition and only a minor effect on eye lipid composition. Furthermore, the dietary EPA levels significantly affected the lipid composition of both brain and eye. The fillet fatty acid composition reflected the dietary fatty acid composition, except for the DHA/EPA ratio, which was reversed in fillet compared with that in the diets. The liver fatty acid composition was also affected by the increasing dietary EPA and DHA levels.     

围湖造田不同土地利用方式下土壤呼吸季节动态及其对温度的敏感性

[目的]为了研究围湖造田对碳循环以及对区域乃至全球气候变化的影响。[方法]以太湖流域肖甸湖区为试验地,利用LI-6400-09土壤碳通量观测仪,分析了该处围湖造田区香樟（Cinnamomum camphora）林、水杉（Metasequoia glyptostroboides）林、毛竹（Phyllostachys heterocycla）林和农田4种不同典型土地利用方式土壤呼吸的季节动态与温度敏感性。[结果]不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸具有一致的显著季节变化,其季节变化主要受土壤温度的控制。香樟林、水杉林、毛竹林、农田的月平均土壤呼吸速率分别为0.384～3.070、0.603～3.960、0.611～5.850和0.333～4.820μmol/（m2·s）,年变异幅度分别为7.99、6.57、9.57和14.47。香樟林、水杉林、毛竹林、农田的Q10值分别为2.54、2.21、2.82、2.17;林地土壤呼吸对温度的敏感性大于农田。[结论]与相同气候区旱地森林相比,围湖地区土壤呼吸速率较高,Q10值较大,表明在未来全球气候变暖的背景下,围湖地区可能比旱地土壤向大气释放更多的CO2。在研究全球碳循环的过程中,围湖造田对碳循环的影响应给予充分的考虑。     

基于RS与像元二分模型的近20 a宁夏植被覆盖研究

[目的]探讨近20a宁夏植被变化特征及其对气候的响应情况,为了解区域生态变化态势,评估生态工程成效提供理论基础和科学依据。[方法]利用1992,2000,2006和2012年的TM数据,基于植被指数估算植被覆盖度的原理,运用像元二分模型,对宁夏植被覆盖度进行遥感估算和动态监测。[结果]宁夏植被覆盖呈现南北好,中部差的空间分布特点;近20a来宁夏的植被覆盖度表现出明显的增加趋势,即低植被覆盖区的面积在逐渐减少,中、高植被覆盖区的面积增加了6 434km2,全区平均植被覆盖度提高6%,其中扬黄灌区及南部山区植被覆盖增加幅度较大。[结论]宁夏植被覆盖度的增加主要得益于近年来实施的一系列植被保护和生态恢复工程,而降水量的变化则是引起植被覆盖度年际波动的主要因素。     

Potential role of phosphate buffering capacity of soils in fertilizer management strategies fitted to environmental goals

Sorption behavior and buffering of phosphorus (P) are important, both from an agricultural and an environmental point of view. The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the kinetics of the transfer of P from soil to soil solution and assessing P buffering capacity of soils (PBC), as a function of soil solution P; (2) the effect of PBC on soil P status fitted to environmental targets for water quality; (3) the effect of PBC on crop response. PBC was derived from the non‐linear Q‐I curve describing the time‐dependent relationship between plant‐available reserve of soil P (Q) versus soil solution P (I). The Q‐I curve was determined in soil suspension using sorption and isotopic dilution methods for soil samples from French, Swedish, and Dutch field trials. Soils with low PBC values were more sensitive to the loss of P to the environment, required higher critical value in soil solution P to comply with P demand of maize, and had higher change in soil solution P per unit of P budget. In different soils, both the critical soil solution P for maize and the change in soil solution P per unit of P balance varied inversely with PBC. It is concluded that (1) PBC plays a key role in determining the agronomic and environmental threshold levels of available P content in the soils, and (2) PBC is a prerequisite for the development of more environmentally oriented fertilization recommendation systems.     

糯玉米沈玉27号制种关键技术与高产栽培要点

玉米杂交种沈玉27号组配于2004年,母本沈9901和父本沈163都是自选系,2006年通过辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会审定.沈玉27号糯性强、皮薄、口感好,沈阳地区播种至采收鲜果穗的生育期为81d.一般产鲜果穗1.245t/hm2左右.