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31.
小麦叶锈病由Puccinia triticina引起,是我国小麦生产上的重要病害。本研究旨在建立小麦叶锈菌快速、准确的PCR诊断检测技术体系,用于病害精准测报和综合防控。以真菌β-微管蛋白基因的保守序列为引物,进行小麦锈菌gDNA的PCR比较分析,发现小麦叶锈菌具有长度为268bp的特异性DNA片段;序列分析后设计了2对专化性引物,成功获得检测灵敏度为5.00pg/μL模板DNA浓度水平的小麦叶锈菌种的特异性SCAR标记。对55个来自我国不同麦区的小麦叶锈菌标样以及其它麦类病原真菌的检测表明,该叶锈菌标记的检测可靠性达100%。人工接种条件下,叶锈菌侵染24h后,即可在小麦叶片内检测到该标记。 相似文献
32.
C. A. Kamlofski E. Antonelli C. Bender M. Jaskelioff† C. H. Danna‡ R. Ugalde A. Acevedo 《Plant pathology》2007,56(1):46-54
A lesion-mimic mutant was obtained from a mutagenic treatment performed with ethyl methanesulfonate on the Argentine bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cultivar Sinvalocho M.A. The HLP (hypersensitive-like phenotype) mutant exhibited tiny, discrete, white lesions in the absence of any pathogen, resembling the typical hypersensitive response (HR). The lesions only became evident once the fifth or sixth leaf emerged, and spread at random along the leaf blades and leaf sheaths of the developing plant, including tissues of the spike. Because the lesion-mimic mutant showed no lesions at the seedling stage, the phenotypes of both the mutant and its mother line were identical at this point. Histochemical studies showed that spontaneous hypersensitive-like lesions in the HLP mutant corresponded to cell death. In leaf-rust ( Puccinia triticina ) infection experiments performed at seedling and adult-plant stages, adult HLP plants showed enhanced resistance to leaf-rust attack compared with plants of Sinvalocho M.A. of comparable developmental stage, suggesting that the HLP mutation may confer increased resistance to the fungus. Because enhanced resistance coincided with the presence of spontaneous HR lesions, activation of HLP plant defence responses appeared to be tightly linked to this phenomenon. Final plant height and yield components in the lesion-mimic mutant did not differ from those of the mother line, indicating that the HLP mutation caused no detrimental pleiotropic effects that significantly affected agronomic performance. These data support the direct use of mutations in disease-resistance breeding. 相似文献
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34.
小麦条锈菌吸器分离方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]从小麦条锈菌侵染的叶片中分离纯度较高且结构较完整的吸器.[方法]根据锈菌吸器表面含有可以与伴刀豆球蛋白凝集素(Concanavalin A)结合的糖类物质的特性,参照蚕豆锈菌吸器的分离方法对小麦条锈菌吸器进行了分离.[结果]从被条锈菌侵染小麦叶片中成功分离出条锈菌吸器,提取吸器的纯度为83.3%,提取率为5.0×105个/g小麦叶片鲜重.[结论]根据蚕豆锈菌吸器的分离方法,稍作改进,成功分离得到小麦条锈茵吸器,为小麦条锈菌功能基因组学及其致病机制的研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
35.
Total phenolic content in eight diverse wheat lines showed that PF-70354 YACO'S' had the highest (802.90 ± 1.35 μg g−1 fresh weight) and Agra Local possessed the lowest amount (684.72 ± 5.28 μg g−1 fresh weight). However, for further experiments two lines namely, ACC-8226 and MP-845, with contrasting disease scores under field trials were assessed. Pre-infectional levels of total phenolics and peroxidase activity were higher in ACC-8226 than in MP-845. Furthermore, the amount of phenolics and peroxidase activity in each case increased after inoculation. The post-infectional levels of phenolics and peroxidase were again higher in ACC-8226 than in MP-845. The peroxidase activity decreased with age in both the varieties, with very little peroxidase activity after 35th day. However, the amount of phenolics started to decrease with the progress of disease and age in MP-845, whereas in ACC-8226 an elevated level of it was maintained. Our findings not only support that ACC-8226 is the resistant and MP-845 is the susceptible variety but also provide important biochemical parameters for plant breeders to authentically identify potential breeding material and plan effective breeding strategies using these tools. 相似文献
36.
38.
LIU Ze-guang YAO Wei-yuan SHEN Xue-xue CHAO Kai-xiang FAN Yu LI Min-zhou WANG Bao-tong LI Qiang JING Jin-xue 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(12):2577-2583
Stripe rust (yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat throughout the world. H9020-1-6-8-3 is a translocation line originally developed from interspeciifc hybridization between wheat line 7182 and Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng and is resistant to most Pst races in China. To identify the resistance gene(s) in the translocation line, H9020-1-6-8-3 was crossed with susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169, and seedlings of the parents, F1, F2, F3, and BC1 generations were tested with prevalent Chinese Pst race CYR32 under controlled greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that there is a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as YrH9020a, conferring resistance to CYR32. The resistance gene was mapped by the F2 population from Mingxian 169/H9020-1-6-8-3. It was linked to six microsatellite markers, including Xbarc196, Xbarc202, Xbarc96, Xgpw4372, Xbarc21, and Xgdm141, lfanked by Xbarc96 and Xbarc202 with at 4.5 and 8.3 cM, respectively. Based on the chromosomal locations of these markers and the test of Chinese Spring (CS) nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines, the gene was assigned to chromosome 6D. According to the origin and the chromosomal location, YrH9020a might be a new resistance gene to stripe rust. The lfanking markers linked to YrH9020a could be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. 相似文献
39.
A. N. Mishra K. Kaushal G. S. Shirsekar S. R. Yadav R. N. Brahma H. N. Pandey 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(5):514-516
The bread wheat cultivar ‘Thatcher’ is documented to carry the gene Lr22b for adult‐plant resistance to leaf rust. Seedling‐resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina in the bread wheat cultivar ‘Thatcher’, the background parent of the near‐isogenic lines for leaf rust resistance genes in wheat, is rare and no published information could be found on its genetic basis. The F2 and F3 analysis of the cross ‘Agra Local’ (susceptible) × ‘Thatcher’ showed that an apparently incompletely dominant gene conditioned seedling‐resistance in ‘Thatcher’ to the three ‘Thatcher’‐avirulent Indian leaf rust pathotypes – 0R8, 0R8‐1 and 0R9. Test of allelism revealed that this gene (temporarily designated LrKr1) was derived from ‘Kanred’, one of the parents of ‘Thatcher’. Absence of any susceptible F2 segregants in a ‘Thatcher’ × ‘Marquis’ cross confirmed that an additional gene (temporarily designated LrMq1) derived from ‘Marquis’, another parent of ‘Thatcher’, was effective against pathotype 0R9 alone. These two genes as well as a second gene in ‘Kanred’ (temporarily designated LrKr2), which was effective against all the three pathotypes, but has not been inherited by ‘Thatcher’, seem to be novel, undocumented leaf rust resistance genes. 相似文献
40.
The barley accession Q21861 possesses resistance to the stem-rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici), leaf-rust (P. hordei), and powdery-mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) pathogens. An anther-culture-derived doubled-haploid population was produced from F1 plants from a cross of this accession and the susceptible breeding line SM89010 as a means of rapidly and efficiently determining the genetics of multiple disease resistance. The doubled-haploid population segregated 1:1 (resistant:susceptible) for resistance to the stem rust pathotype QCC indicating the involvement of a single resistance gene, rpg4. Two-gene (3:1) and one-gene (1:1) segregation ratios were observed for resistance to the stem-rust pathotype MCC at low (23–25°c) and high (27–29°C) temperature, respectively. These different segregation patterns were due to a pathotype × temperature interaction exhibited by rpg4 and Rpg1. another stem-rust-resistance gene present in Q21861. One-gene and two-gene segregation ratios were observed in reaction to the leaf rust and powdery mildew pathogens. These data demonstrate the utility of doubled haploid populations for determining the genetics of multiple disease resistance in barley. 相似文献