自觉接受人大监督，推进公共财政框架构建

财政自觉接受人大及其常委会的监督，是宪法和法律确立的一项重要制度，是依法行政，依法理财的根本保证。因此，财政部门要主动接受人大及其常委会的监督。不断更新理财观念。依法规范理财行为,推进公共财政框架构建。     

风险管理中的公众参与问题研究

基于风险社会和民主社会的研究背景,通过对风险管理的组织流程进行分解,把握风险管理的内容和目标,对应分析了各流程中参与主体的定位和作用。依据对现状问题的分析和总结,将公众参与融合到风险管理的各流程中,依次提出了针对性的方法建议,以修正目前存在的不足。最后从城市规划的视角出发,探讨了利用城市公共安全规划,将风险管理与城市规划有机结合起来,利用城市规划的公众参与平台,真正地让公众参与到风险管理中。     

公共项目公私合伙制中政府保证的会计问题研究

政府部门应该以国际公共部门会计准则为依据对PPP项目中的政府保证进行会计确认，反映PPP项目中政府保证的成本及其隐含的风险，增强政府部门的成本意识，避免过度提供保证。根据业绩担保类政府保证的看跌期权性质，建议应用期权定价的技术进行会计计量，将其确认为报表中的金融负债。并可通过建立政府保证基金的方式解决政府保证单独估价造成的成本高估问题。     

公共图书馆用户教育工作初探

指出现代公共图书馆开展用户教育的必要性和紧迫性。分析随着公共文化服务体系的完善,读者服务工作的持续推进,公共图书馆的用户教育面临着良好发展机遇。认为公共图书馆应顺势而上,加紧、有效地推动用户教育工作的发展。     

地下公共空间的功能和导向研究——淮安市市中心地下广场改造

研究地下公共空间的功能和导向,并以此为根据,从入口、交通流线、光线、商业性质4个方面对淮安市地下中心广场进行设计和改造。     

A Spatial Approach to Participatory Planning in Forestry Decision Making

A method is introduced in which qualitative information obtained in a public participation process is transformed into quantitative spatial decision support for forest management planning. In the first phase, qualitative analysis is implemented by using the tools of qualitative research analysis. Then, a method is developed whereby it is possible to connect the expressed opinions to certain locations, to weight these opinions in a sensible way, and then to combine them in the form of a score map. In this phase, geographic information system (GIS) and preference analysis tools were used. The case study, carried out in the area managed by the Finnish Forest and Park Service, illustrates how to pack huge amounts of unstructured public feedback as decision support. The result of the analysis was a score map ranking pixels in the study area according to the aggregated preferences and norms expressed by public. Based on the case study experiences, it was concluded that most of this kind of public feedback can be illustrated for decision makers by using a few score maps.     

Study on the Protection of Citizen＇ s Cultural Right in Public Library Regulation

公共图书馆作为公共文化服务的基础设施之一,有义务承担起保护公民文化权利的责任。公共图书馆制度为满足公民获得文化权利提供了制度基础,是保障公民文化权利的制度安排。通过探讨文化权利的含义及保障公民文化权利的重要意义,提出了保障公民文化权利是公共图书馆的职责之一,明确了公共图书馆在那些方面保障公民的文化权利。     

Assessing hygiene proficiency on organic and conventional pig farms regarding pork safety: A pilot study in Finland

A key element in the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) will be a single farm payment system that is linked to compliance with rules on, for instance hygiene standards. However, there are no recommended methods for assessing the hygiene proficiency of pig production farms. The present study was undertaken to develop a method for this purpose. A first implementation was done on pilot scale; with a set of both conventional and organic pig farms (N = 15). Fifty hygiene-related factors were selected, especially with reference to the possible proliferation of enteric pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The factors were allocated into 8 evaluation categories: (1) general production management, (2) animal density, (3) the outdoor area for pigs, (4) pest and pet animals, (5) general hygiene in the piggery, (6) pen hygiene, (7) feed production hygiene, and (8) feeding hygiene. A farm questionnaire and a supplementary on-site observation form were devised, and one arbitrary scale of hygiene points assigned for each factor. In addition to the mailed questionnaires, one person subsequently visited all the farms, perused the questionnaire with the owners and completed the observation form. The hygiene scores of the farms in each evaluation category were compared both without weighting and with weighting based on expert opinions. The method proved to be feasible and applicable to different types of production.     

The socioeconomics and management of Santiago de Chile''s public urban forests

Santiago, Chile's semi-arid climate and urbanized environment poses a severe limitation for the establishment and maintenance of urban forests. Municipalities, or comunas, are the main stakeholders in the management of Santiago's public urban forests. A tenable hypothesis would be that as the socioeconomic level of a comuna increases, the better the condition of a comuna's urban forest. Unfortunately, there is little comprehensive information on management, public expenditure, and structure of Santiago's public and private urban forests. To examine this hypothesis, Santiago was divided into socioeconomic strata, then using air photo interpretation and stratified field sampling, urban forest structures were quantified by socioeconomic strata. In addition, interview surveys were used to determine municipal urban forest management and expenditures for different public urban forests based on socioeconomic strata. Urban forests in the high socioeconomic strata had fewer public trees, greater tree cover, tree and leaf area density, and leaf area index than lower socioeconomic strata. The percentage of total municipal budget allocated to public urban forest management was consistent among strata, but the total public urban forest budgets were greater in the high socioeconomic strata. Public urban forest structure is related to the socioeconomic strata of Santiago's different comunas.     

Role of social networks in urban forest management collaboration: A case study in northern Japan

Public participation is crucial for sustainable forest management. In particular, in urban forest areas, it is an important tool for overcoming conflicts among diverse needs regarding the forests through collaboration between citizens and governments. Such collaboration requires social learning. Social learning is dependent upon the presence of social networks that serve as an infrastructure for social capital. This study analyses the role of the social network in a participatory forest management approach of the Nopporo Forest Regeneration Project (NFRP) in the urban Nopporo National Forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan, aimed at restoring a typhoon damaged forest.Within the framework of the participatory approach the project hascreated a network of several citizen organizations for exchanging information. Outside this formal NFRP network several additional citizenorganizations are concerned about the Nopporo Forest management. The article describes the overall social network that has evolved around the Nopporo Forest and compares the attitudes and evaluations of the NFRP network organizations and the not formally NFRP related organizations towards their collaboration with government agencies and other citizen organizations. The overall social network around the Nopporo Forest had a multi-nodal character with the National Forest Agency and Hokkaido Prefectural Government acting as main central nodes. Only a few citizen organizations had direct relations to both central nodes; many organizations had links to either the National Forest Agency or the Prefectural Government. The organizations involved in the formal NFRP network had close ties with the National Forest Agency. This contributed to a positive evaluation of present forest management approach and the collaborative activities of the government agencies. In contrast, the organizations that were not involved in the formal NFRP network were found to have fewer ties with the National Forest Agency. The lack of opportunity to form a direct social learning relation hindered the formation of social capital and resulted in a lower evaluation of the participatory management approach as well as of the collaborative activities. Thus, although the participatory forest management approach of establishing formal social networks enhanced collaboration between the National Forest Agency and several citizen organizations and social learning, it was less successful in encouraging a democratic process involving all interested citizen organizations.