Comparison of water manometry to 2 commercial electronic pressure monitors for central venous pressure measurement in horses

Background: Central venous pressure (CVP) customarily has been measured in veterinary patients with water manometry. However, many institutions are now using stallside electronic monitors in both anesthesia and intensive care units for many aspects of patient monitoring. Hypothesis: Electronic stall side monitoring devices will agree with water manometry for measurement of CVP in horses. Animals: Ten healthy adult horses from the university research herd. Methods: Central venous catheters were placed routinely, and measurements were obtained in triplicate with each of the 3 methods every 12 hours for 3 days. Data were analyzed by a Lin concordance correlation coefficient and modified Bland‐Altman limits of agreement, with all devices compared pairwise. Results: Compared with water manometry, agreement (bias) of the Passport was ?1.94 cmH₂O (95% limits of agreement, ?8.54 to 4.66 cmH₂O) and of the Medtronic was ?1.83 cmH₂O (95% limits of agreement, ?8.60 to 4.94 cmH₂O). When compared with the Passport, agreement of the data obtained with the Medtronic was 0.27 cmH₂O (95% limits of agreement, ?4.39 to 4.93 cmH₂O). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These data show that both electronic monitors systematically provide measurements that are approximately 2 cmH₂O lower than water manometry, but differences between the 2 electronic devices are small enough (< 0.5 cmH₂O) to be considered clinically unimportant. This discrepancy should be taken into account when interpreting data obtained with these monitoring devices.     

Development of a pressure nociceptive threshold testing device for evaluation of analgesics in cats

A pressure analgesiometric device was developed for unrestrained cats. Eleven cats were studied. Stimulation was via three rounded pins within a bracelet on the forearm. The pins were advanced by manual bladder inflation. Bladder pressure was measured using a strain gauge pressure transducer. The threshold was recorded at the behavioural end point. Thresholds were measured at 5 and 15min intervals for 2-4h, after removal/replacement of the cuff, for 120min after SC butorphanol (0.4mg/kg), and with mild skin inflammation at the testing site. Data were analysed using ANOVA. Pressure thresholds in untreated cats were around 150mmHg. The minimum interval for testing was established as 15min. Data were reproducible over 4h and beyond 24h. Thresholds in 5 cats increased (P<0.05) above baseline for 45min after butorphanol with a maximum increase of 270+/-182mmHg at 10min. Thresholds decreased with inflammation. The method appears suitable for feline analgesia investigations.     

轴流泵水力模型压力脉动和振动特性试验

采用高频压力传感器对某一轴流泵模型叶轮进口、叶轮出口和导叶出口3个压力测量点,分别在3个转速1 450、1 200、1 000 r/min的额定流量工况条件下,进行了系列压力脉动测量试验。试验研究结果表明,不同转速下的压力脉动峰峰值不符合泵相似定律准则;不同转速条件下,叶轮进口处的压力脉动主频均为叶频,但叶轮出口的压力脉动主频随着转速的变化而发生漂移;泵内最大压力脉动峰峰值在泵内的位置也随之改变。通过分析转速变化对不同压力测点处的主频和泵不同位置的振动特性影响,发现试验泵不同位置处的振动以流体诱导的低频信号和转子系统质量不均匀诱导的轴频及其倍频为主要特征信号。从振动与压力脉动的频域来看,在0~2倍轴频范围内变化趋势基本相同,且速度变化对二者有相似的影响。在不同转速条件下,压力脉动的频率以1~4倍轴频为主要频域信号范围,但在不同位置处,振动频域范围仍主要以1倍和2倍的轴频信号为主。     

甲醇温度和压力对喷雾特性的影响试验

为了解甲醇自身温度及喷射压力变化对喷雾特性的影响,使用高速摄像机和三维激光相位多普勒颗粒分析仪(PDPA),分别对25、50、60、70、80℃的液态甲醇及喷醇压力为0.3、0.4、0.5 MPa时的甲醇喷雾进行了研究。结果表明:随着甲醇温度的升高,喷雾雾化质量提高,甲醇射流液柱减少,液滴索特平均直径(SMD)减小,同时喷雾主射流区向外扩张。另外,喷雾贯穿距和液滴速度均呈先增大后减小的趋势,在70℃时达到最大值。在相同温度下,喷醇压力的增加提高了喷雾液滴速度,有助于贯穿距的增大,同时液滴索特平均直径(SMD)明显减小。因此在柴油机进气预混甲醇燃烧的实际应用中,升高液态甲醇温度至70℃左右,并适当增大喷醇压力至0.5 MPa,是一种有效提高气道内甲醇雾化效果的方法。     

Modeling the effects of microfluidization conditions on properties of corn bran

Corn bran was microfluidized through a 200-μm channel in the pressure range of 124.1–158.7 MPa for 1–5 passes following the central composite experimental design. Physicochemical properties and antioxidant properties of microfluidized bran samples were measured and fitted to the second order polynomial model. The response surface equations obtained showed that all the properties examined had a positive linear relationship with pressure and a negative quadratic relationship with number of passes except for ABTS radical scavenging activity which was quadratically related to both processing parameters. The number of passes generally had a more pronounced effect on the examined properties compared with pressure. Within the experimental range, the maximum values of swelling capacity, water-holding capacity, and oil-holding capacity were respectively 10.62 ml/g d.w. (at 158.7 MPa), 5.49 g water/g d.w. (at 158.7 MPa), and 4.61 g oil/g d.w. (at 124.1 MPa); the maximum values of surface reactive phenolic content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 148.80 mg/FAE g d.w. (at 158.7 MPa), 50.02 μmol TE/g d.w. (at 158.7 MPa), and 47.90 μmol TE/g d.w. (at 145.9 MPa), respectively. All maximum values of the properties occurred at 5 passes.     

混流泵内流场压力脉动特性研究

基于RANS方程和SST湍流模型,应用SIMPLEC算法,对混流泵内流场进行非定常数值模拟,分析了不同流量工况和不同转速工况时混流泵内4个代表性监测面上压力脉动的时域和频域特性.取非定常计算的功率平均值与试验值对比,证明该数值模型可较准确描述泵内流场特征.结果表明:混流泵内最大压力脉动在叶轮进口,从轮毂到轮缘脉动幅值递增;在叶轮进口和叶轮出口压力脉动频率主要为叶轮叶频,而导叶中间和导叶出口压力脉动频率与流量工况相关;偏离最优工况越远脉动越大,偏小流量对叶轮进口压力脉动影响明显;不同转速时最优工况压力脉动频率成分相似,脉动幅值随转速增加而增加.     

碳基吸附剂提纯CH4/CO2混合气中CH4的研究

在常温(25℃)低压(0.2 MPa)下,测定市售碳基吸附剂(活性炭和碳分子筛)对CH4与CO2混合气的动态吸附分离性能,并与13X分子筛性能进行比较.结果表明:碳分子筛能较好地分离CH4与CO2,但分离选择性不如13X分子筛.然而碳分子筛可以通过抽真空法或惰气吹扫法完全再生,这一性能优越于13X分子筛.碳质吸附剂的再生耗能低于以13X为代表的沸石分子筛,更有利于成为变压吸附法净化沼气的吸附剂.     

轴向射水减弱尾水管低频压力脉动试验

设计了一种从蜗壳引水通过泄水锥向尾水管内进行轴向射水的结构,实现减弱尾水管内低频压力脉动.对轴向射水和无射水情况下混流式水轮机内部压力脉动进行了模型试验研究.分析了4种部分负荷工况轴向射水和无射水时水轮机内部压力脉动幅值特性和频率特性,研究了轴向射水减弱尾水管低频压力脉动的效果.研究表明,在部分负荷工况下尾水管中存在螺旋涡带并引起尾水管壁处强烈的低频压力脉动,其频率约是1/5转频,该低频压力脉动是引起水轮机不稳定运行的主要原因;实施轴向射水后,在各部分负荷工况尾水管中低频压力脉动幅值都有明显减弱,但涡带频率基本保持不变.轴向射水使涡带向下游移动并对双涡带结构起到抑制作用.     

不同冬油菜翻压量对安康地区烤烟产量和品质的影响

[目的]研究不同冬油菜翻压量对安康地区烤烟生长发育、产量、品质的影响,为烟叶生产的可持续发展提供有益的参考。[方法]通过田间小区试验研究不同冬油菜绿肥翻压量对烤烟生长发育以及烟叶产量、产值,烤烟农艺性状、外观品质以及化学成分含量的影响。[结果]翻压适量的绿肥能够促进烟株的生长,尤其是叶片的开片,提高烟株干物质积累量及烤后烟叶的产量,改善烟叶的化学品质。当100%绿肥翻压量处理时,烟叶的产量、产值和上等烟比例最高,烟叶中的钾含量以及烟碱含量明显增加,其化学成分协调性与对照处理相当。[结论]翻压绿肥量以100%处理为宜。     

江西省耕地压力时空差异分析及预测

根据最小人均耕地和耕地压力指数模型,结合GIS软件,分析了1981年以来江西省耕地压力时空变化规律,并运用平滑预测理论,对2007-2015年人均耕地面积、最小人均耕地面积以及耕地压力指数进行了预测.结果显示:1981-2006年江西省耕地压力指数呈波动式上升趋势,耕地压力地区差异明显:未来9年内,人均耕地面积继续减少,耕地压力指数随之进一步增加,到2015年人均耕地面积将减少到0.0306 hm2/人,耕地压力指数随之达到1.61,耕地压力更加明显,粮食安全受到威胁.限制非农占用耕地、优化用地结构、增加复种指数、提高耕地效益,是降低耕地压力、减缓人地矛盾的有效对策.