注水驱油过程中地层渗透各向异性时的流体压力分布

研究高压注水时,地层渗透不均匀时的稳态和瞬态压力方程的弱解形式,并针对特定区块用有限元法计算分析高压注水时渗透不均匀特性引起的压力分布规律。     

气流式桑树伐条机的研制试验初报

采用气流切割技术设计气流式桑树伐条机。气流切割效能受到压力、流量、喷射形式等多方面因素的影响,设计了适合气流式桑树伐条机作业的气流压力和喷嘴尺寸等,对不同组合的气流压力和不同喷嘴直径进行了桑枝剪切试验。结果表明,在工作压力1.5 MPa、喷嘴直径1.4~1.6 mm的条件下,气流式桑树伐条机的有效剪切直径超过30 mm,工效>2 500株/h;为减少压力损耗,高压输气管长度不宜超过4 m。该机进一步完善消音技术和控制噪音后,有望开发出结构简单、操作方便的实用机型应用于生产。     

滴头锯齿型迷宫流道消能特性的流体动力学分析

在对所选取的3种代表性锯齿型迷宫式滴头流道参数进行精确测定的基础上,利用圆管紊流理论和CFD流场模拟软件对锯齿形迷宫流道的消能机理进行了研究。结果表明：光滑圆管紊流理论不足以解释锯齿型迷宫流道的消能机理;压力沿流道长度方向呈线性递减,各消能尖角单元压力损失相等,符合线性叠加规律;摩阻系数随着压力增加而降低,并很快稳定在一定数值上;在中、高压区滴头流道内部流动为紊流,在低压区可能存在从层流到紊流或者光滑紊流到全紊流的流态转捩行为。     

Effects of recreational use on restored urban floodplain vegetation in urban areas

Urban river restorations focus on restoring aquatic and riparian habitats, increasing flood protection, and enhancing recreational potential. The increased recreational value such newly created urban green spaces is a key benefit of these measures as urban riparian areas are highly valued for recreation. However, high recreational pressure may contribute to the loss of natural vegetation and of biodiversity in restored riparian sites. This study investigates the impact of different recreational intensities and use types on the vegetation structure and vegetation quality by documenting direct (foot-traffic, breaking of branches, stems and roots) and indirect damages (litter and excrements). The major results are fourfold. First, while the proportion of some vegetation types can be correlated to the recreational intensity, neither recreation intensity nor recreation types enhanced the colonization success of invasive species. However, monitoring data showed that human-induced disturbances such as hydro-morphological changes favor alien plant establishment. Second, the study suggests a tipping point for pioneer vegetation at around a density of one user per 10 m river stretch. Already at lower user densities, pressure from trampling can slow down vegetation development. Third, the results indicate that users prefer urban greening and gravel bar elements rather than natural vegetation. Finally, while intensity of direct damages on the vegetation are weakly correlated with the user density, indirect damages increase with the user density. This study concluded that the identification of user hotspots would be helpful in developing a resilient restoration design, which in addition to information about the sensitive vegetation types in relation to recreational users and nature friendly recreational behavior could decrease vegetation damages. In particular, younger recreational users should be targeted by environmental protection campaigns.     

流量可调燃气发生器压力闭环模糊控制算法

为了改进流量可调燃气发生器的调节精度,引入燃气发生器压力闭环控制,针对流量可调燃气发生器压力闭环控制特点,在压力闭环中引入了模糊积分控制,此控制算法响应速度快,超调量较小,不同工况及长时间工作下系统仍然有较好的动态特性。 