南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼管理策略及中国的对策

南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼是我国金枪鱼延绳钓的主要捕捞种类,也是中西部太平洋海域重要的温带金枪鱼物种。2019年中西部太平洋海域南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼总渔获量为85 050 t,其中96%的渔获量由延绳钓渔船捕捞,我国延绳钓船队捕捞量占了三分之一,为该海域南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼捕捞第一大国。中西部太平洋渔业委员会(WCPFC)于2005年首次通过了南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼管理措施,旨在限制公约区20°S以南的捕捞努力量。通过分析南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼管理路线图和新修订的南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼养护管理措施,建议废除南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼管理措施中关于我国在20°S以南作业船数为70艘的限制,拓展作业海域,积极与太平洋岛国开展长期租赁安排入渔机制。探讨了南太平洋岛国提出的基于专属经济区的渔业管理制度对中国南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔业的影响,为中国南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔业今后的调整方向及应对策略提供科学参考。     

RPM中点云曲面栅格法自适应分层技术

结合RPM中一般自适应分层技术及对点云均匀分层构造RP模型方法,提出点云曲面栅格法自适应分层。以栅格为基元,将点云投影栅格化,从中获取栅格点集,结合相关系数判断栅格点线性关系,由此提取层间轮廓。定义投影点云栅格面积差比为表面误差,建立其与堆层厚度的关系,通过表面误差逼近定值最终确定堆层厚度。经实例分析验证,分层结果满足RPM要求。     

蔬菜QACCP管理理论与实践

针对蔬菜质量安全与农业可持续发展的需求,综述了基于HACCP和GAP理论的蔬菜QACCP管理理论、核心技术与实施方法,提出了通过过程管理保障蔬菜质量安全、量化和数字化蔬菜技术标准和操作规范、质量分析关键点控制等技术理论,介绍了融合无线网络、专家系统、条形码等信息技术,建立和应用蔬菜QACCP管理体系的实践与展望。     

Terrestrial photogrammetric stem mensuration for street trees

Much of forest science is dependent on accurate stem measurements, and relatively new photogrammetric techniques may be suitable for modeling stems from the terrestrial perspective. From imagery taken along a windbreak and urban roadways we tested the viability of photogrammetric modeling for producing accurate diameter at breast height measurements. Treatments for different point cloud models differed based on intervals between control points (i.e., every 5 m, 10 m, 25 m, and an absence of target control points) and site conditions (i.e., urban mixed species vs. a windbreak of Pinus taeda) over 100 m sections in the Tampa Bay, FL area. Stem diameter measurements from both the windbreak (n = 53) and the urban sites (n = 93) showed high conformity between field-derived and point cloud model measurements (linear regression showed R² values >0.9 and RMSE values ranging from 7.04 − 12.35%) with the number of control point targets having little influence on modeled DBH accuracy. Modeled stems of larger trees had greater associated error relative to DBH tape measurements, which can be attributed, in part, to problems with estimating diameter from non-circular stems of certain urban species (i.e., Quercus virginiana). Future work will focus on georeferencing these datasets and extracting data on other aspects of stem biometry (e.g., lean angle of stem, stem volume, etc.).     

Testing the accuracy of imaging software for measuring tree root volumes

Manually measuring tree root characteristics can be inefficient and limiting. To test the application of a new digital technology in tree root architecture research, root systems from 29 green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Patmore') trees were unearthed, cleaned, and photographed to create 3D models using structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry. Three root segments from each root system were selected, marked, and removed after being photographed. The volumes of these segments (derived from the 3D models) were compared against volumes measured using water displacement. In addition to the root segments, model and water displacement volumes were compared for three complete root systems. Regression analysis showed a strong linear relation between the two volumes measurements (adjusted R² = 0.97 for the root segment data). The RMSE for the root segment volume estimates was 40.37 cm³ (12.3%), with a bias of 17.2 cm³ (5.3%). This error rate was similar to previous published work and suggests the technology used may allow researchers to improve efficiency in data capture, add new measurements (i.e., surface area) to their modeling efforts, and digitally preserve tree root systems for future study.     

基于ArcScene三维数字流域建模研究

三维数字流域是对流域周边地理环境、自然环境和生态环境等各种信息的直观显示,对流域内经济建设与资源利用有重要的辅助作用.该研究提出了一种基于ArcScene的三维数字流域建模方法.利用航空摄影测量获得的高分辨率的DOM影像与DEM数据进行叠加分析,实现了数字流域的建模与多视图的三维飞行动画预览.利用该方法可以对流域内地形地貌与人文特征进行快速直观的预览与分析,为流域内水利设施、交通设施、社会公共设施的设计施工与改建的顺利进行提供重要的技术支持.     

固醇调节元件结合蛋白裂解激活蛋白(SCAP)的研究进展

对SCAP的结构、功能、单核苷酸多态性等方面作一综述,并就固醇对SCAP的反馈性调节机制进行讨论。     

Spatial distribution of fungal communities in a coastal grassland soil

In grasslands, saprotrophic fungi, including basidiomycetes, are major decomposers of dead organic matter, although spatial distributions of their mycelial assemblages are little described. The aim of this study was to characterise the scale and distribution of saprotrophic fungal communities in a coastal grassland soil using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP).Soil fungi were sampled at Point Reyes, California, USA, by taking forty-five 26 mm diam. cores in a spatially defined manner. Within each sampled core, complete core sections at 1-2 cm and 14-15 cm depths were removed and sub-sampled for DNA extraction and amplification using the primer pairs ITS1F-FAM/ITS4 (general fungi) or ITS1F-FAM/ITS4B (basidiomycete-specific).Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling showed that general fungal communities could be clearly separated by depth, although basidiomycete communities could not. There were no strong patterns of community similarity or dissimilarity for general or basidiomycete fungal communities at horizontal geographical distances from 25 cm to 96 m in the upper horizon. These results show considerable vertical, but little horizontal, variability in fungal community structure in a semi-natural grassland at the spatial scales measured here.     

机载激光雷达林区数字高程模型的建立

选择地处草原和森林过渡地带的上库力农场作为研究区(E120°36'50.48″~120°52'56.53″,N50°21'11.08″~50°24'32″),由机载激光雷达Leica ALS60采集实验数据,对Terra Solid分类获取的地形点建立数字高程模型(DEM);利用IDL编译一次样条有限元内插法对点云数据进行分块处理,分析生产DEM的精度。结果表明:1.0、1.5、2.0 m三种不同分辨率的DEM精度,分别为0.034、0.078、0.096 m。     

Modelling point and diffuse source pollution of nitrate in a rural lowland catchment using the SWAT model

The assessments of potential environmental impacts of point and diffuse source pollution at regional scales are necessary to achieve the sustainable development of natural resources such as land and water. Nutrient related diffuse source pollutant inputs can enhance crop growth and improve soil eutrophication. However, excessive nutrient input can result in the impairment of water quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the long-term impact of point and diffuse source pollution on nitrate load in a lowland catchment using the ecohydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and to determine the contribution of point and diffuse sources to nitrate load in the entire catchment.The study area Kielstau catchment has a size of approximately 50 km² and is located in the North German lowlands. The water quality is not only influenced by the predominating agricultural land use in the catchment as cropland and pasture, but also by six municipal wastewater treatment plants. Diffuse entries as well as punctual entries from the wastewater treatment plants are implemented in the model set-up. The model was first calibrated and then validated in a daily time step. The values of the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency for the simulations of flow and nitrate load range from 0.68 to 0.75 for the calibration period and from 0.76 to 0.78 for the validation period. These statistical results revealed that the SWAT model performed satisfactorily in simulating daily flow and nitrate load in lowland catchment of Northern Germany. The results showed that diffuse sources are the main contributor to nitrate load in the entire catchment accounting for about 95% of the total nitrate load, while only 5% results from point sources. The model results also indicated that agriculture is the dominant contributor of diffuse sources and the percentage of agricultural land area is considerably positively correlated to nitrate load at the different subbasins. The area covered by forest is found to be negatively correlated with nitrate load.