草地早熟禾新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南初报

在系统调研国内外文献,广泛收集草地早熟禾种质,连续2年温室幼苗性状评估,连续3年田间性状评价和广泛征求专家意见的基础上,首次编制了我国草地早熟禾特异性、一致性和稳定性(DUS)测试指南。指南在形式与主要内容上,与国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)的草地早熟禾测试指南相协调,包括测试的总体技术要求、性状表、性状解释和技术问卷4部分;在性状与标样品种确定上主要参照了UPOV和日本的测试指南。     

早熟禾品种耐寒变异植株无性系的建立

对草地早熟禾的小矮人品种耐寒变异植株无性系的建立进行了研究,并成功地诱导出小矮人嫩叶的愈伤组织,分化出丛生不定芽.诱导愈伤组织的理想培养基是MS BA 0.1mg/L 2,4-D 1 mg/L;由愈伤组织分化出苗的理想培养基是1/2 MS BA 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D 0.1 mg/L;试管苗极易移栽成活,耐寒变异性状保持不变.     

草地早熟禾愈伤组织遗传转化受体系统的建立

以草地早熟禾成熟胚为外植体，并去除部分胚乳，或用浓盐酸处理，选择NB＋2，4-D2mg／L为诱导培养基，NB＋6-BA2mg／L为分化培养基，1／2NB＋IAA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L为生根培养基，建立了这些品种的胚性愈伤组织高频诱导与再生系统，确定了G418（40-50mg／L）Hpt（50mg／L）的筛选临界浓度，确定了最佳分化时间，探讨了建立草地早熟禾转化受体系统的必要条件。     

Modelling land use strategies to optimise crop production and protection of ecologically important weed species

There is a need to develop farming systems that enable both a satisfactory level of crop production and suitable environmental conditions for natural species. Wildlife‐friendly cropping techniques, such as a reduced amount of applied herbicide or a lower crop density, might be adopted in order to maintain populations of weed species of biological interest. An alternative might be to adopt an intensive cropping system in a part of the field and spare the other part as set‐aside or field margins, available for the natural development of plant species. The objective of this study was to present a method to compare two strategies for maintaining a desirable level of abundance of a given species of interest in agricultural areas, specifically (i) a strategy based on a wildlife‐friendly cropping system in a large cultivated area and (ii) a strategy based on a more intensive cropping system in a reduced area of cultivation, i.e. with land‐sparing. The principle is to calculate the ratio of crop production obtained with strategy (i) to the production obtained with strategy (ii) for a given target density of natural species. We show that the value of this ratio, and thus the relative performance of the two strategies, depends on the density of the weed species that can be maintained in an uncultivated ecological area. The method is applied in case studies of two plant species with contrasting ecology and conservation goals. The numerical results show that the strategy based on a wildlife‐friendly cropping system is more profitable in most situations.     

硬质早熟禾群落生物量初步研究

研究了硬质熟禾群落６月和７月份生物量，研究结果表明，６、７月份地上生物量分别为８４．８４，８８．４４ｇ／ｍ＾２，地下生物量分别是１５９．０，２２０．６ｇ／ｍ＾２。     

早熟禾对精噁唑禾草灵耐药性的靶标酶机制研究

早熟禾对精噁唑禾草灵、精喹禾灵、高效氟吡甲禾灵、炔草酸、精吡氟禾草灵、氰氟草酯、烯禾啶和苯草酮具有耐药性．而对烯草酮和吡喃草酮敏感。早熟禾生物型的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACCase）对精嗯唑禾草灵的活性显著高于敏感杂草日本看麦娘．5个早熟禾生物型的,IC50值为敏感杂草日本看麦娘,IC50值的10．46～11．98倍：早熟禾ACCase氨基酸序列1781位点存在亮氨酸／异亮氨酸的多态性现象,而亮氨酸的存在是其它禾本科杂草对ACCase抑制剂除草剂产生抗性的主要原因之一：5个早熟禾生物型的ACCase基因表达量为日本看麦娘的4．67～7.37倍。早熟禾与日本看麦娘的ACCase活性、基因序列及基因表达量差异可能是导致早熟禾对精嗯唑禾草灵具有耐药性的靶标酶机理。     

肯塔基,瓦巴斯草地早熟禾在青岛地区的引种栽培研究

青岛地区自１９８４年引种表塔基草地早熟禾，瓦巴斯草地早熟禾之后，经对其形态学，生物学特征和特性的观察和试验，确认该草不仅具有耐寒，耐瘠薄，抗旱，返青早，枯黄晚，绿期长（３００ｄ以上）的特点，而且色泽鲜艳，单层厚密，繁殖容易，栽培简单，是建造草坪的一种优良草种。在大量栽培试验和推广实践的基础上，总结了肯塔基，瓦巴斯草坪草的播种，移栽技术，并重点介绍了草坪形成后的除草，修剪，施肥，浇水等养护管理措施和     

草地早熟禾引种适应性研究

2000～2001年在贵州独山对引进的23个草地早熟禾不同品种进行比较试验。结果表明:有5个品种的适应性和综合坪用性状表现良好,可以在本地区及类似生态区推广。     

Effects of Stocking Rate and Overseeding with Red Clover on Productivity of Native Pasture Continuously Grazed by Yearling Steers

Overseeding with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and stocking rate are factors that can affect composition and production of hill land pasture. A grazing experiment utilizing yearling beef steers ( Bos taurus) was conducted using 3, 4, and 5 yearling steers ha⁻¹ (285 kg), on native pasture (predominantly Poa pratensis L.) overseeded with red clover and non overseeded. Paddocks of 1 ha were continuously set stocked from mid May to the end of Sept. Herbage mass, herbage consumed and the percentage of legumes, grasses, dead material, and non-leguminous broadleaf plants were recorded. Animals were weighed at the initiation and end of each grazing season and at 4 week intervals. Overseeding increased legume content 4-fold the seeding year but much of this increase was lost the following year. Herbage mass was greater on overseeded pasture the year following seeding but no effect on animal productivity was found. Stocking rate did not affect percentage legume but the proportions of other broadleaf plants increased at high stocking rates. Average daily gain as well as total gain ha⁻¹ was greatest at 4 steers ha⁻¹.     

结缕草与草地早熟禾的弹性与耐磨性对比研究

重压与摩擦试验表明，结缕草的弹性和耐磨性明显高于早熟禾，与早熟禾相比，结缕草抗践踏、弹性好的解剖学机理是：结缕草叶片的角度层发达，维管束丰富，叶内组织排列紧密，机械组织发达，结缕草叶鞘的角质层发达，叶肉厚而结构紧实。