Proximate and Phytate Accumulation in Solanum nigrum L. Cultivated on Fertilizer-Amended Soils

Solanum nigrum was subjected to five fertilizer treatments on the field and glasshouse to determine the wild vegetable’s nutritional response to fertilizers with maturity and best fertilizer option for optimum harvesting period of the leaves for nutritional benefits. The application of 50 kg N/ha + 4.07 t manure/ha fertilizer increased protein uptake on the field and glasshouse, vitamin C in the glasshouse, and lipid on the field. The addition of 100 kg N/ha + 8.13 t manure/ha increased the uptake of vitamin C on the field and lipid content in the glasshouse. The control increased the accumulation of fiber on both the field and glasshouse while also lowering the phytate content in the glasshouse. Fiber was at peak 11 and 4 weeks after transplanting on the field and glasshouse, respectively, while lipids were highest 11 and 6 weeks after transplanting. Vitamin C was highest 9 and 6 weeks after transplanting on the field and glasshouse, respectively, after which it sharply declined toward senescence. Protein was at peak between the third and fourth weeks after transplanting. Although various nutrients responded differently to fertilizer treatments, these results indicate the potential of S. nigrum to meet the human nutritional recommended daily adequate intake values. Also, the results of this study indicate that the cultivation of this wild vegetable increases its nutritional composition as compared with the wild species. The best fertilizer option and best time to harvest the plant is best advised according to specific nutritional challenges. The consumption of S. nigrum could be expected to contribute a large proportion of the nutritional requirements in the human body.     

4种处理对龙葵种子萌发的影响

以龙葵种子为材料,研究了微波、超声波、酸度和Al3＋对龙葵种子萌发的影响。结果表明,在适宜的条件下,450 W微波处理20 s、超声波处理15 min、pH值5．0～6．5最利于龙葵种子萌发;Al3＋处理能降低龙葵种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数。     

液态发酵法生产龙葵果酒的工艺研究

研究了以龙葵饮料生产的下脚料—果渣为原料,生产龙葵果酒的加工工艺。结果表明,选择固液比1∶4,——接种量8%,糖度18%,温度22℃,pH值3.4,主发酵7d,转速4000r/min下离心25min,可得到澄清的酒液,陈酿后酒味更佳。     

Autumn Irrigation Alerted the Geochemistry of Groundwater in Hetao Irrigation District：Take Yichang Irrigation District as an Example北大核心CSCD

【Objective】Surface infiltration could change biogeochemical reactions in groundwater thereby alerting its chemical compositions. The aim of this paper is to investigate the responsive change in chemical composition of groundwater to infiltration following the autumn irrigation in irrigation districts.【Method】The experiment was conducted in Hetao Irrigation District, during which we measured the change in concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3- and CO32- and then statistically analyzed them.【Result】The irrigation increased the concentration of Cl-, SO42-, KNa, Mg2 and HCO3-, but slightly reduced the concentration of Ca2+. The TDS was higher in south and lower in north of the irrigation district. The Piper diagram showed that the Cl-Na was the dominant groundwater type, accounted for 75% and 61% of the studied area before and after the irrigation respectively. Irrigation turned groundwater in 16.7% of the studied area to Mg-SO4-Cl type. The Gibbs model and ion proportional coefficient diagram revealed that the chemistry of groundwater in the studied region was mediated by evaporation, weathering and leaching of silicate and evaporite, and is independent of precipitation. 【Conclusion】The mean TDS in the groundwater increased by 32.9% after the autumn irrigation, indicating the impact of soil leaching. Improving drainage after the autumn irrigation is hence essential. © 2019 Journal of Irrigation and Drainage. All rights reserved.     

超声波辅助提取胡椒中胡椒碱

采用单因素和正交试验优化从胡椒(Piper nigrum L.)中提取胡椒碱的工艺条件,分别考察了料液比、乙醇体积分数、提取时间和提取温度对胡椒碱提取率的影响。结果表明,胡椒碱的最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶30(g∶m L),乙醇体积分数95%,提取时间45 min,提取温度70℃。在最佳条件下,胡椒碱提取率达到6.12%。该提取工艺简单、高效,可以应用于从胡椒中提取胡椒碱。     

我国胡椒产业现状及发展对策

从产销、种质资源、栽培管理和产品加工等方面分析我国胡椒产业现状,展望胡椒产业发展前景,并针对性的提出发展对策,以期为广大胡椒科研生产工作者提供参考。     

Impact of intercropping of medicinal and aromatic plants with organic farming approach on resource use efficiency in arecanut (Areca catechu L.) plantation in India

The present investigation was conducted at Vittal, Karnataka, India during 2004-2007 to study the feasibility of intercropping of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in arecanut plantation. The results revealed that MAPs can be successfully grown as intercrops in arecanut plantation with increased productivity and net income per unit area. Kernel equivalent yield of MAPs varied between 272 kg ha⁻¹ in case of Piper longum to 1218 kg ha⁻¹ in Cymbopogon flexuosus. Pooled data indicated that Asparagus racemosus produced fresh root yield of 10,666 kg ha⁻¹ of arecanut plantation and contributed to maximum kernel equivalent yield of 1524 kg ha⁻¹ among all medicinal and aromatic plants. Intercropping of MAPs in arecanut was found economical. The net return per rupee investment was highest in C. flexuosus (4.25) followed by Bacopa monnieri (3.64), Ocimum basilicum (3.46) and Artemisia pallens (3.12). The total system productivity of arecanut + MAPs intercropping system varied from 2990 to 4144 kg ha⁻¹. Arecanut + O. basilicum intercropping system registered significantly higher production efficiency 8.2 kg ha⁻¹ day⁻¹ than other systems. Intercropping of MAPs had more positive effect on soil pH in arecanut based cropping system. The soil pH was 5.6 in 2004 and it was 0.3-0.9 units higher in 2007. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content varied significantly due to intercropping of MAPs at the end of experiment. The SOC content increased in Aloe vera, A. pallens, P. longum and B. monnieri, while it depleted in grasses and rhizomatic MAPs. Based on demand and marketing opportunities for MAPs, farmers are advised to grow aromatic plants in large areas on a community basis to meet huge industrial demand and variety of medicinal crops in small areas to meet the requirement of traditional systems of medicine.     

Behavioural responses of the maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamais,to host (stored‐grain) and non‐host plant volatiles

BACKGROUND: Four‐arm olfactometer bioassays were conducted to assess the behavioural responses of the adult maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to harvested seeds of host plants, i.e. white maize, yellow maize (Zea mays L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Poaceae), and non‐host plant materials, i.e. alligator pepper, Aframomum melegueta (Rosk) K. Schum (Zingiberaceae), rhizomes of ginger, Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) (Zingiberaceae), and West African black pepper, Piper guineense Thonn and Schum (Piperaceae). Additional bioassays with host plant volatiles were conducted in the presence of three doses of non‐host plant materials. RESULTS: Both sexes of the weevil showed strong attraction to maize and wheat seed volatiles, but were significantly repelled (P < 0.001) by odours from A. melegueta, Z. officinale and P. guineense. Furthermore, S. zeamais avoided maize and wheat seeds presented in combination with the non‐host plant material at 10% (w/w) and 33% (w/w) levels. CONCLUSIONS: A. melegueta, Z. officinale and P. guineense have the potential for use in the protection of stored grains by resource‐poor farmers with local access to these plants. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Screening of endophytic bacteria and evaluation of selected isolates for suppression of burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis Thorne) using three varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)

Radopholus similis is a serious threat to black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) cultivation being the main causal organism of slow decline disease. Because of its migratory nature most fungal and bacterial antagonists are ineffective in suppressing R. similis. The presence of a number of endophytic bacteria in black pepper tissues has been proved in earlier studies. This study was undertaken to evaluate the bacteria isolated from black pepper for suppressing R. similis. In vitro and in vivo screenings were used initially to identify the efficient strains of endophytic bacteria that suppress R. similis. Seventy four isolates of endophytic bacteria obtained from black pepper were screened against R. similis by various bioassays. Results of the in vitro experiments were inconclusive and did not match the rest of the studies. However, six isolates were short-listed based on the preliminary in vivo screening and further tested in an evaluation trial using three varieties of black pepper. Irrespective of the varieties, significantly higher nematode suppression was observed with one isolate (TC 10) followed by another (BP 17). These isolates were identified to the species level by sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that these isolates shared 99% identity with Bacillus megaterium and Curtobacterium luteum, respectively. More studies are required to understand their mode of action as well as the dose–response relationship with nematodes.     

萘乙酸诱导野生药食两用植物少花龙葵插条生根的研究

以野生药食两用植物少花龙葵为材料,在室内水培条件下,研究了不同处理浓度萘乙酸(NAA)、插条类型及插条留叶方式对少花龙葵插条生根的影响。结果表明:在5～20 mg/LNAA处理下,诱导少花龙葵半叶嫩枝和半叶硬枝形成不定根的适宜浓度分别是5 mg/L和20mg/L;少花龙葵嫩枝和硬枝分别在其适宜NAA浓度处理下,均以缺叶插枝的生根效果为差;少花龙葵嫩枝在5 mg/L NAA处理下以全叶插枝的生根效果最好,生根率100%;少花龙葵硬枝在10 mg/L NAA处理下半叶与全叶插枝的生根效果较为一致,生根率均为96.67%。