龙葵果提取物抗氧化活性测定及酚类活性成分分析

[目的]比较不同龙葵果提取物的抗氧化活性,同时测定其活性成分.[方法]用浓度60％乙醇浸提龙葵果,获得粗提物,减压蒸馏后分别用正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿3种溶剂萃取,采用DPPH·、·OH,O2-·清除法对各提取物的抗氧化作用进行评价,并与浓度60％乙醇粗提物溶液进行比较;分别测定4种龙葵果提取物中酚酸、黄酮、原花青素和花色苷的含量.[结果]浓度60％乙醇粗提物对DPPH·和·OH的清除效果最好,清除率分别为（68.45％±2.68％）和（49.12％±2.26％）;乙酸乙酯萃取物对O2-·的清除率最大为（79.64％±5.16％）.浓度60％乙醇粗提物中花色苷浓度为3.65 mg/ml,而乙酸乙酯萃取物中含有高浓度黄酮,浓度为3.42 mg/ml.[结论]龙葵果提取物中起主要抗氧化作用的是花色苷和黄酮.     

扦插季节、基质与外源激素处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的影响

[目的]研究扦插季节、基质与外源激素处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的影响。[方法]在福建沙县进行细叶青蒌藤扦插试验,分析不同扦插季节、基质与外源激素剂处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的影响。[结果]扦插季节、基质与外源激素处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插生根率、成苗率及新梢长度均有极显著差异性影响(P<0.01);提高穗条生根率的优劣顺序为春季>秋季、冬季>夏季,秋季与冬季间无显著性差异(P>0.05);提高穗条成苗率的优劣顺序为春季>秋季>冬季>夏季;促进穗条新梢生长的优劣顺序为秋季>春季>夏季>冬季;提高穗条生根率、成苗率与促进新梢生长的基质优劣顺序为80%泥炭土+20%珍珠岩>黄心土>河沙;提高穗条生根率、成苗率与促进新梢生长的优劣顺序为50 mg/kg ABT2号生根粉>空白对照(清水)>200 mg/kg ABT2号生根粉。[结论]建议生产中选用80%泥炭土+20%珍珠岩混合基质,选用50 mg/kg ABT2号生根粉进行穗条处理,不宜在5~7月的夏季进行扦插繁殖。     

基于SCI-E收录论文的胡椒学科发展研究

以Web of Science平台的SCI-EXPANDED数据库为统计源,采用文献计量学方法,从国家、研究机构、期刊、研究方向等方面统计分析2004~2013年有关胡椒科技论文被SCI-E的收录情况,其中反映了世界各国胡椒论文数量变化和所涉及的研究方向,旨在把握国际上胡椒研究热点的现状、科研动态及发展趋势。     

黑穗醋栗(Ribes nigrum L.)插条生根的研究

黑穗醋栗属于皮部生根型。厚皮品种插条不定根的排列以簇生和纵生为主,薄皮品种以簇生和散生为主。解剖观察表明,黑穗醋栗具有先成不定根原基,起源于髓射线或次生射线与维管形成层交叉处。茎的结构及茎内营养物质含量均影响生根。生根期间全碳、全氮呈现规律性变化。厚皮品种硬枝各部位作插条,50 ppm NAA 或 IBA 处理1～5 min 生根较好,水培和土培方法均可采用;薄皮品种绿枝下部作插条,50 ppm NAA 处理1 min 或30 min 生根均较好,且以水培方法为宜。     

黑穗醋栗枝条死亡原因的研究

通过抗枯死能力不同黑穗醋栗（ＲｉｂｅｓｎｉｇｒｎｍＬ．）品种的形态及解剖观察，含水量测定，人工冷冻试验和冻害观察等研究，结果表明，黑穗醋栗枝条含水量下降到３３％以下时出现死亡现象．下降到２４％以下时会大量死亡．死亡时期集中在４月上旬至中旬，而不是最冷的月份．冻害是造成株丛枯死的主要原因，冻害部位发生在枝条基部距地表之上５～２０ｃｍ范围内，由冬季到春季冻害逐渐发展和加重，因此冻害引起的枯死是自下而上的，是严重的．生理干旱也能引起枯死，但它是自上而下的。为害较轻．冻害和生理干旱经常同时发生，此时株丛死亡更重．由于不同品种抗冻能力和抗脱水能力的差异，存在着越冬枯死程度的差异．     

龙葵果红色素的提取条件的研究

龙葵果成熟时为黑紫色，含量丰富的色素。本文通过对龙葵果红色了佳提取条件的研究，确定了龙葵果红色素的最佳提取条件为80％醋酸溶液，1：600物料比，80℃恒温，浸提90min。     

黑穗醋粟(Ribes nigum L.)苗端结构的研究

本文对黑穗醋栗的苗端结构进行了研究,其结果表明,黑穗醋栗不同品种(厚皮、薄皮)的营养苗端结构相似,呈分区图样,包括原套、亚外套、中央母细胞区及肋状分生组织区。黑穗醋栗不同品种的生殖苗端结构及分化过程相似,但时序不同;薄皮品种的分化进程早于厚皮品种。     

野生龙葵果中营养成分的研究

本研究对野生龙葵果营养成分进行了比较全面地分析测试，对矿物质及维生素含量进行分析的基础上，对野生龙葵果的其它营养成分进行了分析，并与一些常用果蔬进行了对比研究。结果表明，野生龙葵果含有丰富的营养成分。     

Somatic hybridization between Solanum tuberosum and species of the S. nigrum complex: Selection of vigorously growing and flowering plants

Fusion experiments were performed between diploid (2n = 2x = 24) or tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) potato genotypes and four species of the Solanum nigrum complex, namely S. nigrum (2n = 6x = 72), S. villosum (2n = 4x = 48), S. chenopodioides (2n = 2x = 24) or S. americanum (2n = 2x = 24 and 2n = 6x = 72). All five accessions of the S. nigrum-species were successfully hybridized with at least one of the potato genotypes. Somatic combining abilities were influenced by the ploidy level as well as the genotype of the parental species. The use of kanamycin or hygromycin resistance as cell-selectable markersystem had no influence on somatic combining ability, but such markers can be useful to improve efficient selection of somatic hybrids in sufficient numbers. At least 20% of the hybrids of each successful combination performed well in vitro. However, only 60 genotypes out of 761 somatic hybrids were vigorous as well as flowering in the greenhouse. Analysis of the DNA content of somatic hybrids could be used as a criterion for the indirect selection in vitro of hybrids that were vigorous in the greenhouse. Flowering somatic hybrids of S. nigrum (+) 2x potato and S. americanum (+) 4x potato were selected with the aim of introgression of resistance traits after recurrent backcrossing with cultivated potato. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Studies on antidepressant and antinociceptive effects of ethyl acetate extract from Piper laetispicum and structure-activity relationship of its amide alkaloids

Piper laetispicum C.DC. (Piperaceae), is an endemic climbing, glabrous plant distributed in the southern part of China. A novel alkaloid amide, Laetispicine, from it has been proven to possess antidepressant activity. In this present study, antidepressant and antinociceptive effects of the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of P. laetispicum have been studied in forced swimming, open field, acetic acid writhing and formalin tests in KM mice. A significantly antidepressant-like effect was showing at doses of higher than 60 mg/kg, which was not due to an increase in locomotive activity. The EAE also presented an analgesic effect, in our studies. At lower doses (30 mg/kg) the antinociceptive effect was likely mediated via peripheral inflammation and changes in central processing, and at higher doses (120 mg/kg) that was due to both central and peripheral pathways. We also quantitatively analyzed the major components of EAE by HPLC and approached the structure–activity relationship between structure of amide alkaloids and its antidepressant activities. The antidepressant effective components of EAE might be Leatispiamide A and Laetispicine. In their molecular structures, the isolated double bond from benzene ring and conjugated double bond located at 2–3 and 4–5 were necessary for its antidepressant activity.