鳝藤等4种藤本植物耐盐性试验

以鳝藤(Anodendron affine)、山蒟(Piper hancei)、风藤(Piper kadsura)和厚藤(Ipomoea pes-caprae)为试材,研究在盐胁迫下4种藤本植物形态特征和生理生化指标的变化。结果表明:4种藤本植物的细胞膜透性均随盐胁迫时间的延长而升高,同时盐浓度越大的处理其细胞膜透性越高;山蒟、风藤和厚藤的POD活性随盐浓度的升高而升高,鳝藤的POD活性基本随盐浓度的升高和处理时间的延长而逐渐下降;风藤、鳝藤和厚藤的游离脯氨酸随盐胁迫时间的延长而升高,山蒟的游离脯氨酸随盐胁迫时间的延长呈先升后降的趋势。4种藤本植物的可溶性蛋白含量基本随盐胁迫浓度的升高而呈先升高然后迅速下降并趋于稳定的趋势,并且盐胁迫时间越长其可溶性蛋白含量越低;4种植物的MDA含量随盐浓度的上升而增加,处理时间上以处理20 d的MDA含量最高。     

散穗高粱与苏丹草杂种的ISSR分析

为明确散穗高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)与黑壳苏丹草、白壳苏丹草、棕壳苏丹草、红壳苏丹草4个种间杂种F₁在DNA分子水平上的差异程度,利用ISSR分子标记技术对散穂高粱与4种苏丹草(S. sudanense(Piper) Stapf)杂种F₁及其亲本间的多态性进行分析.结果表明:14个ISSR适宜引物共扩增出41条带,其DNA片段长度为200～2000 bp,多态性条带416条,多态性条带百分率为92.2%;9个供试材料间的遗传距离(GD)变幅为0.1818～0.7838,平均为0.6892;散穗高粱与红壳苏丹草GD值较大,而与白壳苏丹草GD值较小;以GD值0.44为基准,9个材料聚为3类:第一类为散穗高粱、棕壳苏丹草、黑壳苏丹草、白壳苏丹草,第二类为散穗高粱×黑壳苏丹草F₁、散穗高粱×白壳苏丹草F₁、散穗高粱×红壳苏丹草F₁、散穗高粱×棕壳苏丹草F₁,第三类为红壳苏丹草.     

孟加拉国番石榴产业简况

丽绿刺蛾在海南胡椒种植区每年发生2～3代，以老熟幼虫在主蔓上结茧越冬。该虫1年有2次发生高峰期，分别在5月下旬至6月中下旬和7月下旬至9月中旬。第1代幼虫发生量大，危害严重，是防治的关键时期。根据其发生规律提出相应的防治策略。     

Banana Leaf Spot caused by Haplobasidion musae

Abstract

Five fungicides, 2 antibiotics and 2 combinations of fungicides and antibiotics were evaluated against incidence of bacterial and fungal diseases of Piper betle L. Cv. ‘Desawari’. Copper oxychloride 50 WP (Blitox‐50) at 0.25% at 15 days interval was most effective against mortality caused by Phytophthora parasitica var. piperina Dastur; whereas 0.25% Copper oxychloride 50 WP with 500 ppm streptocycline was best against leaf spots caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. betlicola Dye. and Colletotrichum capsici Syd. (Butler &; Bisby). Other formulations viz., Carbendazim (Bavistin), Trideomorph (Calixin), Mancozeb (DithaneM‐45), Copper oxychloride 50 WP (Kilex), Paushamycin and Streptocycline were only next to the copper oxychloride 50 WP (Blitox‐50) or its combination with streptocycline.     

新型热带香菜山蒌叶的营养成分测定

采用国标方法对新型热带香菜植物山蒌叶的维生素、蛋白质、氨基酸和矿质元素成分进行了测定,结果表明,山蒌叶的维生素、蛋白质、氨基酸和矿质元素营养含量丰富,尤其是山娄叶的钙、铁、锌、锰和锶的含量很高,具有很好的保健养生价值,开发前景十分广阔.     

卡瓦胡椒离体再生体系的建立

[目的]建立卡瓦胡椒(Piper methysticum)的离体再生体系。[方法]以卡瓦胡椒的带芽嫩茎和嫩叶作为外植体,通过在培养基中添加不同的激素组合,来筛选最佳再生培养基。[结果]卡瓦胡椒的丛芽诱导培养基为MS+4 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L GA3+0.65%琼脂+3%蔗糖+0.012 5%PVP,最佳芽伸长根生长培养基为1/2MS+5 nmol/L JA+0.65%琼脂+3%蔗糖。[结论]为卡瓦胡椒的工业化生产提供了理论指导。     

Combination of Piper guineense Essential Oil with Cowpea Varietal Resistance in Control of Cowpea Seed Beetle,Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

To reduce the risks associated with over-dependence on synthetic insecticides and ensure leguminous food security,an experiment was conducted to evaluate the potentials of integrating Piper guineense essential oil(Pg EO)with cowpea varietal resistance in the control of cowpea seed beetle,Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius.Four cowpea varieties(Sokoto,Drum,Oloyin and Gwallam)were studied.Data collected included oviposition,progeny emergence,Reproductive Efficiency(RE)and Percentage Seed Damage(PSD).At first filial generation,numbers of eggs laid on Oloyin variety treated with 25μL Pg EO per 25 g cowpea seeds(2.15)were significantly(p0.05)lower than the values obtained in untreated cowpea(3.61)and hexane-treated seeds(3.07).C.maculatus RE on Oloyin(33.73)was significantly(p0.05)lower than values obtained on other varieties(47.34-54.67)for seeds without Pg EO;and were significantly greater than 0.00 observed on Oloyin seeds treated with 50μL PgE O.PSD on Oloyin(6.63%)was significantly(p0.05)lower than the values obtained on Sokoto(10.04%)and Drum(9.79%)for seeds without Pg EO,while there was no damage in Oloyin treated with 50μL Pg EO.Significantly(p0.05)lower F2 progeny emergence occurred on Oloyin(4.02)and Sokoto(4.71)compared with Drum(9.03)and Gwallam(6.07)from the untreated cowpea seeds.The results implied that application of PgE O to Oloyin gave better protection from infestation of C.maculatus than other varieties.Hence,combination of varietal resistance with PgE O for management of bruchid could be an effective mean of improving cowpea food security.     

Effects of Piper sarmentosum extract on the growth performance,antioxidant capability and immune response in weaned piglets

The biological properties of Piper sarmentosum render it a potential substitute for antibiotics in livestock feed. This study evaluated the effects of P. sarmentosum extract (PSE) on the growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune response of weaned piglets. Eighty 21‐d‐old weaned piglets were selected and randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments with five replicates of four pigs each. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet supplemented with 0 (T0), 50 (T50), 100 (T100) or 200 (T200) mg/kg PSE. The feeding trial lasted 4 weeks. The results revealed that the T50 group had the highest average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the feeding trial (p < 0.05). Additionally, the T50 group had higher (p < 0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH‐Px) and lower (p < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than the T0 group at 4 weeks post‐weaning (p < 0.05). Serum levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) decreased, while serum levels of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) increased by PSE supplementation at 4 weeks post‐weaning (p < 0.05). PSE supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of IL‐4, IL‐10 and TGF‐β and downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in the ileal mucosal layer of piglets (p < 0.05). In summary, our study findings revealed that PSE supplementation improved the antioxidant capability, and reduced inflammation, which may be beneficial to weaned piglet health.     

石楠藤的化学成分、药理及临床应用研究

在广泛文献检索基础上,对石楠藤的种属、化学成分、药理作用,临床应用等进行了综述,为石楠藤的深入开发利用提供科学资料。     

Accumulation pattern of oleoresin and related chemical constituents in black pepper (Piper nigrum) berries during growth and development

The accumulation pattern of various chemical constituents of commercial importance in black pepper berries of two cultivars has been studied. Oleoresin, piperine, essential oil and starch show a manifold increase, one to two months before complete maturity of the berries. The possibility of its commercial exploitation is discussed.