新型香料源植物毛叶树胡椒在海南的引种试种

毛叶树胡椒Piper hispidinervium（C.DC.）是一新型的香料源植物,其茎、叶及果均可供提取芳香油。毛叶树胡椒对于海南的湿热气候适应性较强,初期的引种试种已获得成功。引种的一代植株、种子苗及扦插苗后代均成活,经分析干叶出油为3%～4%,主要是一些烯烃类有机物质,与引种地相当,具有极大的推广和开发价值。     

新型香料源植物毛叶树胡椒在海南的引种试种

毛叶树胡椒Piper hispidinervium (C.DC.)是一新型的香料源植物，其茎、叶及果均可供提取芳香油。毛叶树胡椒对于海南的湿热气候适应性较强，初期的引种试种已获得成功。引种的一代植株、种子苗及扦插苗后代均成活，经分析干叶出油为3%～4%，主要是一些烯烃类有机物质，与引种地相当，具有极大的推广和开发价值。     

扦插季节、基质与外源激素处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的影响

[目的]研究扦插季节、基质与外源激素处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的影响。[方法]在福建沙县进行细叶青蒌藤扦插试验,分析不同扦插季节、基质与外源激素剂处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插繁殖的影响。[结果]扦插季节、基质与外源激素处理对细叶青蒌藤扦插生根率、成苗率及新梢长度均有极显著差异性影响(P<0.01);提高穗条生根率的优劣顺序为春季>秋季、冬季>夏季,秋季与冬季间无显著性差异(P>0.05);提高穗条成苗率的优劣顺序为春季>秋季>冬季>夏季;促进穗条新梢生长的优劣顺序为秋季>春季>夏季>冬季;提高穗条生根率、成苗率与促进新梢生长的基质优劣顺序为80%泥炭土+20%珍珠岩>黄心土>河沙;提高穗条生根率、成苗率与促进新梢生长的优劣顺序为50 mg/kg ABT2号生根粉>空白对照(清水)>200 mg/kg ABT2号生根粉。[结论]建议生产中选用80%泥炭土+20%珍珠岩混合基质,选用50 mg/kg ABT2号生根粉进行穗条处理,不宜在5~7月的夏季进行扦插繁殖。     

基于SCI-E收录论文的胡椒学科发展研究

以Web of Science平台的SCI-EXPANDED数据库为统计源,采用文献计量学方法,从国家、研究机构、期刊、研究方向等方面统计分析2004~2013年有关胡椒科技论文被SCI-E的收录情况,其中反映了世界各国胡椒论文数量变化和所涉及的研究方向,旨在把握国际上胡椒研究热点的现状、科研动态及发展趋势。     

Studies on antidepressant and antinociceptive effects of ethyl acetate extract from Piper laetispicum and structure-activity relationship of its amide alkaloids

Piper laetispicum C.DC. (Piperaceae), is an endemic climbing, glabrous plant distributed in the southern part of China. A novel alkaloid amide, Laetispicine, from it has been proven to possess antidepressant activity. In this present study, antidepressant and antinociceptive effects of the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of P. laetispicum have been studied in forced swimming, open field, acetic acid writhing and formalin tests in KM mice. A significantly antidepressant-like effect was showing at doses of higher than 60 mg/kg, which was not due to an increase in locomotive activity. The EAE also presented an analgesic effect, in our studies. At lower doses (30 mg/kg) the antinociceptive effect was likely mediated via peripheral inflammation and changes in central processing, and at higher doses (120 mg/kg) that was due to both central and peripheral pathways. We also quantitatively analyzed the major components of EAE by HPLC and approached the structure–activity relationship between structure of amide alkaloids and its antidepressant activities. The antidepressant effective components of EAE might be Leatispiamide A and Laetispicine. In their molecular structures, the isolated double bond from benzene ring and conjugated double bond located at 2–3 and 4–5 were necessary for its antidepressant activity.     

胡椒和咖啡2种中间性种子的萌发特性研究

研究了胡椒(Pipernigrum Linnaeus)和中粒种咖啡(Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner)种子在常温自然贮藏条件的萌发特性。结果表明,刚采收的胡椒种子和中粒种咖啡种子的含水量、发芽率、活力指数分别为29.32%和46.11%、88%和92.0%、1.46和5.57。自然贮藏20d,干燥脱水对胡椒种子的伤害较轻微,种子发芽率和活力指数仍高达82.7%和1.03;之后,由于严重脱水,种子发芽率和活力指数迅速下降;自然贮藏60d,种子含水量下降到10.91%时,完全丧失发芽力。自然贮藏30d,干燥脱水对中粒种咖啡种子的伤害较轻微,种子发芽率和活力指数仍高达80.5%和4.10;之后由于严重脱水,种子发芽率和活力指数急剧下降;自然贮藏90d,种子含水量下降到9.81%时,种子几乎完全丧失发芽力。由此认为,胡椒和中粒种咖啡是一种中间性种子,过度脱水使质膜结构和功能严重受损,最终导致种子活力的丧失。因此,在播种时,采用常温自然贮藏不超过20d的胡椒种子及贮藏不超过30d的中粒种咖啡种子为佳。     

Effect of calcium silicate on growth and dry matter yield of Chloris gayana and Sorghum sudanense under two soil water regimes

The effects of five rates [0 (control), 1, 2, 4 and 6 Mg ha^?1] of calcium silicate on the growth and water consumption by rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) and sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense Piper) under wet and dry soil water regimes (60 g and 30 g H₂O kg^?1 soil respectively) were evaluated in a pot experiment. The effect of the application of silicate on plant biomass was similar to that of the control. However, the shoot and root dry mass varied significantly (P < 0.001) according to the soil water regime and plant species. During the first cut, the shoot dry mass was 5.7 g per pot under the wet soil moisture regime, significantly exceeding that under the dry soil water regime proportionately by 0.68. For sudan grass, the shoot dry mass varied from 3.6 g per pot in the control to 4.3 g per pot in the treatment that received 6 Mg ha^?1 of calcium silicate. Plant water demand decreased as the rate of calcium silicate application increased, suggesting that an application of calcium silicate could reduce drought stress and enhance water economy. For the soil under study, the reduction in plant water demand represents a water saving ranging from 0.076 to nearly 0.20.     

中国部分胡椒属植物表型性状的数量分类

利用聚类分析和主成分分析,基于32个重要表型性状研究中国29种(包括变种)胡椒属植物的形态多样性与系统关系。结果表明:枝条是否被毛、叶片宽度、叶质地等9个性状与其它性状密切相关,或出现规律性不明显,在种以上分类单位划分中作用不大;表型性状变异水平偏低,且各性状贡献率分散,累计贡献率增长缓慢,说明胡椒属植物在演化过程中表型变异的多方向性和复杂性;29种胡椒属植物大体可被划分为4个类群,各类群并未出现明显的地域性特征。     

胡椒丽绿刺蛾的发生及防治

丽绿刺蛾在海南胡椒种植区每年发生2～3代,以老熟幼虫在主蔓上结茧越冬。该虫1年有2次发生高峰期,分别在5月下旬至6月中下旬和7月下旬至9月中旬。第1代幼虫发生量大,危害严重,是防治的关键时期。根据其发生规律提出相应的防治策略。     

卡瓦胡椒扦插繁殖试验

卡瓦胡椒是一种很有价值的热带药用植物,繁殖试验结果,以茎段作插穗进行扦插,用干净的粗河沙作扦插基质、以500×10^-6的IBA作生根剂诱导的根系多、根系长,移栽成活率高,可达100％。