重金属铜对玉米的影响

采用溶液培养的方法,研究了铜对玉米生理特性的影响。结果表明:随着铜浓度的增加,其中叶绿素含量、光合强度、根系活力和CAT活性呈逐渐下降趋势;质膜透性、脯氨酸含量、MDA含量和SOD活性上升;POD活性表现为低浓度刺激效应和高浓度的抑制效应。     

不同运动形式对大学男生体质影响的实验研究*

本研究通过为期12周的分组实验,对参加力量练习和有氧练习的100位大学男生进行实验前后身体素质、身体机能、身体形态的对比测试与量表评定,探讨不同运动形式对男生体质影响的差异性,为高校体育教学改革与男生体育锻炼提供科学的实证依据。实验结果表明,与实验前相比,力量练习对于男生的各项体质指标影响最多,而有氧练习尽管对男生体质有影响,但是和实验前相比没有显著差异。所以,在体育锻炼中,男生更加适合以力量练习作为主要的运动方式。     

Dye-resist properties of hetero-multifunctional dye-resist agents in acid dyeing of wool

The dye-resist effect and leveling properties of hetero-mulifunctional dye-resist agents in acid dyeing of wool were investigated. The dye-resist agent with dichlorotriazinyl group achieved better resist effectiveness than those with monochlorotriazinyl group. The resist effectiveness was improved by increasing the number of sulfonate group in dye-resist agents. Also, the resist agents with more sulfonate groups showed better dye-assist effectivness, attributable to the increased electrostatic attraction between dye-resist agents and the cationic dye. However, the leveling properties of dye-resist agents decreased with the number of sulfonate groups in the molecule.     

鲜食玉米形态特征、生理特性及产量对淹水的响应

以华美甜168和华美糯7号为试验材料,盆栽条件下在苗期、拔节期和抽雄吐丝期进行淹水处理,对淹水后两个鲜食玉米品种的形态特征、叶片理化特性及产量进行研究。结果表明,随着淹水历时的延长,两个鲜食玉米品种的形态特征、生理特性和产量变化的幅度增大。淹水降低鲜玉米的产量,穗行粒数减少是产量降低的主要因素。华美甜168以拔节期淹水减产最为严重;华美糯7号以抽雄吐丝期淹水影响最大。淹水使玉米株高增长率、新叶生长率下降,叶片中游离脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高。不同时期淹水后华美糯7号株高变化量与产量显著或极显著正相关,Pro、MDA含量和SOD酶活性与产量显著或极显著负相关。     

Microwave heat dyeing of polyester fabric

The effect of padding solution on the microwave heat dyeing of polyester fabric was studied extensively. Polyester fabrics were impregnated in aqueous urea solution and aqueous sodium chloride solution for 10 min and then dyed for 7 min by microwave apparatus (2 450 MHz, 700 W) under optimum conditions which provide good exhaustion. Aqueous solutions of urea and sodium chloride showed more effective than water as a padding solution for microwave heat dyeing. The type of solvent added in padding media and its concentration significantly affects the K/S values of dyed polyester fabric. Added solvents such as n-hexane, acetone, and dimethyl formamide were also more effective than 100% water as padding media for the microwave heat dyeing. It is supposed that the effect of used solvents on dyeing property of polyester fabrics depends on the solubility parameter difference between solvent and polyester fabric.     

A comparison of physical properties, oxalate-oxalic acid soluble substances, protein content, and in vitro protein digestibility of the blue-green algaNostoc commune Vauch. from the Philippines and Japan

The physical properties, amount of oxalate-oxalic acid soluble substances (OOSS), protein and in vitro protein digestibility ofNostoc commune from the Philippines and Japan were determined. The samples were the spherical type from the Philippines (PS), the dry field discoid type from the Philippines (PD), and the dry field discoid type from Japan (JD). The discoid types, PD and JD, regardless of origin showed higher settling volume in water (SV) and bulk density than PS. The OOSS values obtained for all samples were directly related to SV and bulk density. The WHC level was highest in PS. This desirable characteristic makes PS a technologically potential sample for large-scale food production applications in the future. Protein and in vitro protein digestibility varied significantly among all samples. In general, the algal samples examined posses desirable physical properties which are expected to be related to physiological functions.     

高校食品物性学课程教学实践的思考

食品物性学是一门重理论基础,实践性强,涉及面广的课程。该文介绍了我国食品物性学课程教学和研究现状,并提出了提升食品特性学课程的教学质量措施。主要包括:借举国内外教学成果、与多学科相融合、加强实践教学等。     

Characterization of starch morphology,composition, physicochemi-cal properties and gene expressions in oat

Starch is the major carbohydrate in oat(Avena sativa L.) and starch formation requires the coordinated actions of several synthesis enzymes. In this study, the granule morphology, composition and physicochemical properties of oat starch, as well as the expressions of starch synthesis genes were investigated during oat endosperm development. Under the scanning electron microscopy(SEM), we observed that the unique compound granules were developed in oat endosperms at 10 days post anthesis(DPA) and then fragmented into irregular or polygonal simple granules from 12 DPA until seed maturity. The amylose content, branch chain length of degree of polymerization(DP=13–24), gelatinization temperature and percentage of retrogradation were gradually increased during the endosperm development; whereas the distribution of short chains(DP=6–12) were gradually decreased. The relative expressions of 4 classes of 13 starch synthesis genes characterized in this study indicated that three expression pattern groups were significantly different among gene classes as well as among varied isoforms, in which the first group of starch synthesis genes may play a key role on the initiation of starch synthesis in oat endosperms.     

玉米可溶性淀粉合成酶研究进展

玉米淀粉是优良的饲料和工业原料,具有重要的经济价值。从影响玉米淀粉生物合成的酶出发,讨论玉米可溶性淀粉合成酶的主要理化性质、催化机理、分子机理等方面取得的研究进展,并提出了今后需要进一步研究的方向。     

土壤-水稻籽粒系统镉富集主要影响因素统计分析

对取自51篇参考文献中的土壤和水稻籽粒数据进行分析,在多种土壤因素共同影响下,研究了单一土壤性质[包括土壤pH、有机质(SOM)、阳离子交换量(CEC)和土壤质地]和水稻类型(包括粳稻和籼稻)对土壤-水稻籽粒系统Cd富集的影响.结果表明:水稻籽粒吸镉量与土壤含镉量关系最密切,且呈显著正相关,随土壤pH增大呈减少的趋势;SOM和CEC的变化对水稻籽粒含镉量影响不显著;在不同土壤质地上,水稻籽粒吸镉能力为壤土 <砂土 <粘土;粳稻与籼稻两种水稻类型的籽粒含镉量差别不显著,但水稻品种间的差别比较显著.利用已有数据建立的两个土壤模式显示:在有机质含量为中,质地为壤土情况下,水稻籽粒的吸镉能力为碱性土壤 <酸性土壤,明显符合一般规律.以上结论说明,在其他土壤性质一定的前提下研究单一土壤因素对水稻籽粒的吸镉能力更具有实际意义,土壤模式的划分在理论、方法和实用性方面都具有重要意义.