非农就业质量如何影响山区农户土地转出稳定性——基于浙江省4县480户农户的观察

为厘清非农就业质量对山区农户土地转出稳定性的影响机制,基于2021年浙江省山区4县480户农户调查数据,采取OLS、Heckman两阶段以及2SLS等模型开展实证研究,同时采取Probit模型检验作用机制并结合案例加以佐证。结果表明：1）非农就业质量的改善激励山区农户提高土地转出的稳定性。2）非农就业质量显著影响老一代农户和“体制外”农户土地转出的稳定性,但是对新生代农户和“体制内”农户的影响不显著,同时,非农就业质量对土地转出稳定性的影响并不因为就业距离的远近而产生差异;3）非农就业质量影响土地转出稳定性的作用机制在于强化农户的城市融入意愿、弱化农户对地租的偏好以及弱化土地的社会保障功能。相关政策需要致力于提升山区农户的非农就业质量,提升和完善非农就业的稳定性、收入和保障制度。     

猪源发酵乳杆菌的筛选及其潜在益生性能

【目的】对从健康仔猪粪便中筛选分离出一株发酵乳杆菌的益生性能进行测试,为其在畜禽动物养殖中的应用提供参考。【方法】采用Rogosa SL完全选择性培养基分离出106株乳酸菌,通过革兰氏染色、酸和胆盐耐受初步筛选出1株潜在的饲用乳酸菌,经16S rDNA序列鉴定为发酵乳杆菌LF1,并对其益生性能潜力进行评估,包括抑菌活性(针对大肠杆菌K88、金黄色葡萄球菌、猪链球菌、沙门氏菌以及弧菌等12种病原菌)、对模拟胃液中酸性环境的耐受性、对胆盐的耐受性以及对小肠上皮细胞的粘附性。【结果】发酵乳杆菌LF1耐酸和耐胆盐的能力较强,显示出较强的益生菌潜力,但LF1菌株对猪肠道上皮细胞的粘附能力不强。在生物拮抗作用方面,发酵乳杆菌LF1的培养上清可以显著抑制多种常见动物病原菌生长。【结论】发酵乳杆菌LF1具有较好的益生性能,通过进一步的动物实验评估后,可以作为应用于畜禽养殖业的益生菌候选菌株。     

Quality aspect of fish sauce prepared from underutilized fatty Japanese anchovy and rabbit fish

ABSTRACT:   To explore the potential utility of underutilized fish in the fish sauce industry, fish sauces were prepared from both raw and heat-induced meat of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonica and rabbit fish Siganus fuscescens using wheat malt, and their quality aspects and sensory properties were assessed. Proximate composition of the fish meat represents protein as the major component (16.0–17.8%), other than moisture. Analyses of free amino acids, peptides including oligopeptides, and organic acids contents in fish sauces revealed suitability of both raw and heat-induced meat of the selected species in commercial fish sauce production. The variations in taste of raw meat fish sauces were species-specific, but the taste of fish sauces from heat-induced meat were similar.     

Chemical and Thermal Properties of Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Meat

Chemical compositions and thermal properties of cultured freshwater prawn meat (FPM) were studied. FPM contained 83.2% protein (dry basis), 62.7% of which was myofibrillar protein. Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) and insoluble collagen (ISC) contents were 0.63 and 0.32%, respectively. Both collagens were similar to type V collagen from porcine placenta. Glutamic acid/glutamine, arginine, aspartic acid/?asparagine, and lysine were abundant amino acids in FPM. Glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and aspartic acid/?asparagine were predominant in both collagens. FPM exhibited thermal transition temperatures (T_max) of 48.3 and 64.7°C, whereas T_max of PSC and ISC were 43.0 and 46.0°C, respectively. Textural changes in FPM during post-mortem storage on ice are plausibly dependent upon its compositional and thermal properties.     

天津周边海域表层水体理化要素分布特征和水质评价

通过对天津周边海域表层水体的一些理化要素进行调查,得到化学需氧量(CODMn)、活性磷酸盐(PO34--P)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO2--N)及硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)含量从离岸近的海域向外海方向递减。水温、pH值、盐度的变化趋势则正好相反;在此次调查期间,天津周边海域海水中无机氮的主要存在形式为NO3--N和NO2--N;相关性分析表明,盐度与化学需氧量、活性磷酸盐、无机氮、亚硝酸盐氮在p=0.01水平上均呈极显著负相关;活性磷酸盐与无机氮、NO2--N和NH4+-N含量均在p=0.01水平上呈极显著正相关;由N/P比和E值的平面分布图可以得到,沿岸N/P比最低,离岸越远的地方N/P比越高。E值的平面分布恰恰相反。北塘附近海域依然是富营养化最严重的区域;本调查海域主要是磷限制,无机氮仍然是此海域的首要污染因子,其次是化学需氧量。     

Fatigue property of high-performance polyethylene netting twine

Tensile and knot fatigue property of high-performance polyethylene (HPPE), regular polyethylene (PE), nylon multifilament (PAmu), and nylon monofilament (PAmo) under cyclic loading conditions were investigated. The durability of HPPE under tensile fatigue testing was largest, followed by PAmo, PAmu and PE. In knot fatigue, the largest was PAmo, followed by HPPE, PAmu, and PE. High resistance by HPPE to the cyclic loads was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which showed that HPPE suffered the least damage from abrasion compared with the other twines. From the measurement of elongation changes during the cyclic loading, HPPE had very small changes. The low elongation value of HPPE was probably the result of its better fatigue property because there was less damage from abrasion.     

Logging pattern and landscape changes over the last century at the boreal and deciduous forest transition in Eastern Canada

Forestry practices associated with the industrial era (since ~1900) have altered the natural disturbance regimes and greatly impacted the world’s forests. We quantified twentieth century logging patterns and regional scale consequences in three sub-boreal forest landscapes of Eastern Canada (117,000, 49,400 and 92,300 ha), comparing forestry maps depicting age and forest cover types for early industrial (1930) and present-day (2000) conditions. Results were similar for the three landscapes, indicating large-scale forest change during the twentieth century. In 1930, previous logging activities had been concentrated in the lowlands and along the main hydrographical network, as compared to a more even distribution over the landscapes in 2000, reflecting a decreasing influence of the environmental constraints on forest harvesting. In 1930, old-aged forests (>100 years) accounted for more than 75% of the unlogged areas of the three landscapes, as compared to less than 15% for the present-day conditions. Logging practices have thus inverted the stand age distribution of the landscapes that are currently dominated by young and regenerating stands. The 1930 forest cover types showed a clear relationship with elevation, with conifers located in the lowlands and mixed and deciduous stands restricted to the upper slopes. Between 1930 and 2000, 58–64% of the conifer areas transformed to mixed and deciduous forests, such that no clear altitudinal relationships remained in 2000. We conclude that twentieth century logging practices have strongly altered the preindustrial vegetation patterns in our study area, to the point that ecosystem-based management strategies should be developed to restore conifer dominance, altitudinal gradients, as well as the irregular structure inspired from old forest stands.     

微囊化亚硫酸盐的模拟释放和应

研究了壁材类型和用量及相对湿度对微囊化的食品保鲜剂亚硫酸盐模拟释放的影响,并用Avrami's公式分析了不同相对湿度下的释放特性.结果表明:相对湿度为85%,壁芯比为1.0,壁材为乙基纤维素的微胶囊6d时SO2保留率为16.2%,其他壁材24d时SO2保留率为8.0%～13.8%;壁材用量对释放影响不显著;同种壁材,相对湿度85%时释放速率是相对湿度75%时的1.3倍,是相对湿度43%时的5.5～7.0倍.该保鲜剂用于玫瑰香葡萄保鲜时,与普通片剂及粉剂相比,药害率和腐烂率均降低60%左右,果实中SO2残留量降低了40%～50%.     

黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料弯曲性能分

利用模压方法制备了黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料,并利用试验方法研究黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料的弯曲性能.研究结果表明:在试验条件下,通过对黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量的极差分析发现最优组合相同,即热压温度A=170℃、热压压力B=9.8 MPa、热压时间C=20 min、黄糊精质量D=30 g,并对最优组合进行了试验验证,得出其弯曲强度为15.34 MPa,弯曲弹性模量为2 522.78 MPa.通过对复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量的方差分析发现,热压时间是不显著因素,而热压压力是显著因素.     

胡萝卜微粉物理特性和营养成分的影响因

胡萝卜微粉制备中,影响微粉物理特性及营养成分的试验分析表明:热风和微波干燥获得的胡萝卜微粉容积密度大,冷冻干燥的胡萝卜微粉容积密度小.微波干燥获得的胡萝卜微粉溶水性好,其次是冷冻干燥;胡萝卜生粉比熟粉溶水性好.胡萝卜生粉的氨基酸质量比高于熟粉和冻融粉;真空冷冻干燥生胡萝卜,粉碎粒径小于240目时,氨基酸质量比高.经过冻融处理的胡萝卜微粉V_c质量比高于其生粉和熟粉;冷冻干燥的胡萝卜微粉V_c质量比高.类胡萝卜素质量比随着粒径减小而减小;冷冻干燥冻融处理的胡萝卜,在粉碎粒径为80～120目时,类胡萝卜素和V_c质量比高.