Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A in different compositions of Shuang-Huang-Lian

Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL), a traditional Chinese formula containing Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF), Scutellariae radix (SR) and Forsythiae fructus (FF), is commonly used to treat acute upper respiratory tract infection, acute bronchitis and light pneumonia. Forsythoside A is one of the main active ingredients in Forsythiae fructus, a key herb in SHL. In the present study, effects of different compositions in SHL on the intestinal absorption of forsythoside A were investigated. The observations from in situ intestinal circulation model showed that A/%(h^− 1) of forsythoside A in FF + LSF, FF + SR and SHL were all reduced greatly compared with that in FF. However, in pharmacokinetics study, C_max and AUC_0 → 1440 of forsythoside A all increased and T_1/2 prolonged in SHL, FF + LJF and FF + SR compared with FF. The results indicated that the different compositions of SHL decreased absorption but increased bioavailability of forsythoside A, which may be related to its metabolism inhibited in intestine or liver.     

Growth performance of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) fed with lyophilized bovine colostrum

Growth performance was evaluated in juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) fed diets containing 0%, 10% and 20% of lyophilized bovine colostrum for 60 days. The performance variables of weight gain, relative weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, total protein intake and protein efficiency ratio were evaluated as well as apparent digestibility coefficients of protein and energy in the diets. Inclusion of bovine colostrum did not induce differences in the performance of pacu and dourado (P > 0.05), indicating that the diets were adequate and met the nutritional needs of the juveniles. The protein digestibility in both species was improved with the inclusion of the bovine lacteal secretion. Based on the variables studied, the diets with lyophilized bovine colostrum inclusion were nutritionally suitable for both pacu and dourado indicating the possibility to use this lacteal secretion as a partial substitute of dietary protein.     

柴术抗激散对早期断奶仔猪生产性能和血清应激相关激素水平的影响

本试验旨在研究柴术抗激散对早期断奶仔猪生产性能和血清应激相关激素水平的影响。选用(28±2)日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪48头,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复4头猪,分别饲喂添加0、1%、2%、3%柴术抗激散的日粮,试验期28 d。结果显示,日粮中添加2%和3%的柴术抗激散能显著提高断奶仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重(P＜0.05),显著降低料重比(P＜0.05),极显著降低腹泻率(P＜0.01),可显著降低35和56日龄仔猪的血清皮质醇水平(P＜0.05),显著提高35和56日龄仔猪血清生长激素、胰岛素、三碘甲状腺素、胃泌素水平(P＜0.05)。由此可知,日粮中添加柴术抗激散可有效缓解断奶应激对仔猪造成的伤害,且在日粮中添加2%的柴术抗激散效果最好。     

基于近红外高光谱图像的黄瓜叶片色素含量快速检测

利用高光谱图像技术和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)快速检测了新鲜黄瓜叶中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素4种色素含量。采集了120片黄瓜叶的近红外高光谱图像数据以及用HPLC精确测定黄瓜叶中色素含量;提取高光谱图像中50×50像素感兴趣区域(ROI)的平均光谱与4种色素含量分别建立偏最小二乘(PLS)预测模型;为了提高模型的稳定性和预测精度,分别采用区间偏最小二乘(iPLS)、向后区间偏最小二乘(BiPLS)和联合区间偏最小二乘(SiPLS)对各种色素对应的特征波段进行优选,同时对光谱划分数进行了优化。结果表明BiPLS和SiPLS对应模型的预测效果较好,对叶绿素a、叶绿素b、β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素4种色素的预测集相关系数RP分别为0.825 7、0.813 4、0.811 6、0.826 2。     

考虑力矩平衡的圆锥滚子润滑性能分析

通过数值求解研究了考虑力矩平衡的圆锥滚子弹流润滑问题,给出了力矩平衡方程,以及相应的离散方法和相对误差计算公式,通过误差的大小来调整滚子的位置角,使之满足力矩平衡,最后得到了该问题的完全数值解。另外,比较了考虑力矩平衡条件下,载荷、速度和滚子半锥角对滚子位置角、油膜压力和油膜厚度的影响。结果表明:载荷不发生偏置的情况下,圆柱滚子的润滑问题可忽略力矩平衡,但对于圆锥滚子则必须考虑力矩平衡。为了满足力矩平衡,圆锥滚子会出现位置角增大、大端翘起的现象,而滚子位置角的微小变化对其润滑性能的影响不可忽视,考虑力矩平衡的数值分析更符合圆锥滚子的真实润滑工况。滚子的半锥角越大、载荷越大、速度越大,力矩平衡的影响就越显著。     

畦灌灌水技术要素组合优化

以杨凌区进行的畦灌大田试验为基础,采用WinSRFR软件对各试验点的灌水质量进行了模拟,并分析了畦长、田面坡度、入畦单宽流量和改口成数对灌水效率Ea、灌水均匀度Ed和储水效率Es的影响;在此基础上,结合均匀试验设计与多元回归分析的方法,构建了包含灌水效率Ea、灌水均匀度Ed和储水效率Es在内的单目标优化模型,以入畦单宽流量和灌水时间为变量,采用遗传算法对模型进行求解,提出了试验点不同计划灌水深度条件下畦灌灌水技术要素的优化组合,结果表明其可获得高的灌水质量,达到常规畦灌节水的目的。     

Effect of floor cooling on performance of lactating sows during summer

Forty Landrace × Large White lactating sows were used to evaluate the effects of cooling of the floor when maintained under high temperature conditions during summer on their productive and reproductive performance. The sows were allocated in a completely randomized design with two treatments with 20 replicates according to parity number and body weight, with each animal being considered an experimental unit. The treatments consisted of cooling of the floor under the sow with water circulation at about 17 °C and no cooling. The resulting temperatures of the floor were 27.6 and 35.8 °C for the cooled and the control treatments, respectively. The sows from both treatments were exposed to average maximum and minimum environmental temperatures of 26.9 and 20.8 °C, respectively. Sows maintained on a cooled floor had a higher feed intake (6.47 vs. 5.61 kg/day; P < 0.01). Despite this higher intake, sows maintained on a cooled floor had higher body weight and body protein losses during the lactation period (P < 0.01) in connection with a higher milk yield and subsequent growth of the litter (2280 vs. 1798 g/day; P < 0.01). There was an effect of treatment on rectal temperature, surface temperatures and respiratory rate (P < 0.01) with lower values in sows submitted to floor cooling. It is concluded that floor cooling under the lactating sow improves its productive and reproductive performance, as well as the performance of its litter.     

饲料糖水平对点篮子鱼生长性能的影响

以鱼粉为蛋白源,糊精为糖源,配制等蛋白质(含量为35%)、等能量糖水平分别为5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,35%(标号分别为T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6)的6组配合饲料,对点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus)投喂56d,研究了饲料中糖水平变化对体重为34.45±10.61 g点篮子鱼生长、体成分和生物学指标的影响。结果显示,随着饲料糖水平的增加,点篮子鱼的摄食率和生长率呈先增加后降低的趋势,特定生长率(SGR)与饲料糖水平之间适宜的二次方程:y=0.455 1+0.012 5x-0.000 3x2(R2=0.913 7),点篮子鱼饲料中糖的最适添加水平为20.83%;饲料系数(FCR)和肌肉中粗脂肪含量与饲料中糖水平变化成正相关;高糖组(T6)鱼的肝脏中粗脂肪含量显著高于低糖组(P<0.05)。综合实验结果认为:点篮子鱼饲料糖适宜添加量为15%～25%。     

水稻秸秆联合剩余污泥共发酵产酸效能探究

[目的]研究稻秆与剩余污泥厌氧发酵产酸性能。[方法]在总固体浓度为20 g/L条件下,用一定比例的稻秆代替部分剩余污泥,构建共发酵产酸系统,探讨其有机物组分变化及其产酸特性。[结果]稻秆的投加能够促进多糖和蛋白溶出,提高SCOD含量,在发酵进行到第4天时,10%预处理稻秆处理和10%稻秆处理发酵体系中SCOD达到最高,分别为3 440和2 810 mg COD/L,与污泥对照相比,分别升高了72.0%和40.5%。与此同时,在发酵结束时,稻秆的投加虽没有增加VFAs积累量,但其在短期内能够促进VFAs转化,缩短发酵时间,在发酵进行到第6天时,与污泥对照组相比,10%预处理稻秆处理中VFAs积累量提升了70.1%。当VFAs积累量趋于稳定时,乙酸和丙酸占总酸的比例和从大到小依次为10%预处理稻秆处理、10%稻秆处理、污泥对照。[结论]稻秆的投加能够改善污泥厌氧发酵产酸性能,可为农业废物的资源化利用提供一种有效途径。     

水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃光合特性日变化的影响

以盆栽5年生云锦杜鹃苗木为材料,分对照、轻度胁迫、中度胁迫、重度胁迫4组,研究了土壤水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃叶片光合特性日变化的影响。结果表明:随着水分胁迫的加重,云锦杜鹃的光合日变化曲线由典型的双峰型逐渐转变为峰值很小的单峰型,峰值的降低在轻度水分胁迫下由气孔限制引起,而在中度和重度水分胁迫下则由非气孔限制引起。轻度、中度和重度水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃光合特性日变化的影响差异显著。经逐步多元回归得到了净光合速率日变化的回归方程。