青贮甘蔗尾、青贮玉米秸秆对生长水牛生长性能、消化代谢及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究青贮甘蔗尾(sugarcane tops silage,SS)和青贮玉米秸秆(corn straw silage,CS)对生长水牛生长性能、消化代谢及血液生化指标的影响。试验1:选择21头体重、胎次相同或相近的6月龄生长水牛,随机分为3个组,分别饲喂SS+精料、CS+精料、SS+CS+精料,进行为期30 d饲养试验。试验2:另选6头体重、胎次相同或相近的6月龄生长水牛随机分为2组,分别饲喂SS和CS,不喂精料,利用全收粪法进行为期4 d的消化代谢试验。结果表明:①SS和CS单独饲喂对生长水牛平均干物质采食量(ADMI)影响不显著(P>0.05),饲喂CS组生长水牛平均日增重(ADG)较SS组高,差异不显著(P>0.05)。二者组合饲喂时生长水牛ADMI、ADG比其单独饲喂时高。②CS的养分消化率、氮代谢和能量代谢率均高于SS,但差异均不显著(P>0.05),二者中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。③SS和CS对生长水牛血液生化指标影响差异均不显著(P>0.05),对动物机体无不良影响。由此可见,单独饲喂时CS养分消化率较SS高,CS及SS对生长水牛血液生化指标均无不良影响,且二者组合饲喂能提高生长水牛生长性能。     

维生素K_3对五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及养分表观利用率的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中维生素K3添加水平对五龙鹅生长性能、屠宰性能及养分表观利用率的影响。试验分为2个阶段。1~4周龄阶段,选用1日龄五龙鹅360只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K3含量1.23 mg/kg),Ⅱ~Ⅵ组在基础饲粮中分别添加1、2、4、8、16 mg/kg的维生素K3。5~16周龄阶段,选用28日龄五龙鹅324只,随机分为6个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复9只鹅。A组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(维生素K3含量1.18 mg/kg),B~F组在基础饲粮中分别添加2、4、8、16、32 mg/kg的维生素K3。试验期16周。结果表明:1)经回归分析得出,1~4周龄阶段五龙鹅饲粮中添加4.81 mg/kg维生素K3,平均日增重最大;5~16周龄阶段饲粮中添加11.59 mg/kg维生素K3,平均日增重最大。2)与对照组相比,1~4周龄阶段,饲粮中添加4 mg/kg维生素K3能显著或极显著提高鹅的全净膛率和腹脂率(P0.05或P0.01);5~16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8 mg/kg维生素K3能显著或极显著提高屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和腿肌率(P0.05或P0.01)。3)与对照组相比,5~16周龄阶段,饲粮中添加8 mg/kg维生素K3能极显著提高钙的表观利用率(P0.01),显著提高干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和磷的表观利用率(P0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,1~4周龄和5~16周龄五龙鹅饲粮中维生素K3适宜添加水平分别为4.81和11.59 mg/kg。     

施氮对高寒区垂穗披碱草饲草生产性能及营养品质的影响

为探究高寒区施氮对垂穗披碱草饲草生产性能和营养品质的影响,本研究以建植第二年的垂穗披碱草(Ely-mus nutans)为研究对象,设置不同施氮处理:即纯氮N0(0 kg·hm-2),N10(100 kg·hm-2),N15(150 kg·hm-2),N20(200 kg·hm-2),N25(250 kg·hm-2),...     

用膨化大豆代替豆粕对杂交鲟生长和免疫的影响

用膨化大豆分别替代0（G1组）、35％（G2组）、65．8％（G3组）、93．2％（G4组）豆粕,配制成4种等氮等能的饲料,饲喂体重为（75．3±3．8）g的杂交鲟Acipenser schrenckii ♀×Acipenser baeri ♂。6周的试验结果表明：用膨化大豆代替豆粕后,各处理组杂交鲟生长性能差异不显著（P〉0．05）;与G1组相比,G3组鱼血浆中SOD和溶菌酶活力分别提高13．6％和59．4％（P〈0．05）;G3组和C4组鱼血浆中总蛋白和球蛋白显著增加（P〈0．05）,其中总蛋白分别提高9．9％和11．5％,球蛋白分别提高12．0％和14．7％。     

Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance,intestinal morphology,non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.     

鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)生长后期对苏氨酸需要量

在半精制饲料中分别添加0、0.35%、0.70%、1.05%、1.40%、1.75%苏氨酸,制成苏氨酸实际梯度为1.05%、1.35%、1.65%、2.00%、2.42%、2.65%的6组等能等氮饲料(44.67%粗蛋白质,21.65 k J/g总能),对初始体重为(333.93±6.60)g的鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)在海水浮式网箱(1.5 m×1.5 m×2.0 m)中进行了70 d的喂养实验,研究其对苏氨酸的最适需求量。结果显示,鲈鱼成活率在89.58%–95.83%之间,各处理组之间无显著差异(P0.05);随着饲料中苏氨酸水平的升高,鲈鱼的特定生长率(SGR)显著增加(P0.05),且在2.00%苏氨酸饲料组出现最大值,但随着苏氨酸水平的继续升高,SGR呈减小的趋势;饲料效率(FE)随饲料中苏氨酸水平的升高呈先增加后减小的趋势,2.00%苏氨酸组的FE显著高于1.05%组及2.65%组(P0.05);随着饲料中苏氨酸水平的升高,蛋白质沉积率(PPV)呈先增加后减小的趋势,且于2.00%苏氨酸组出现最大值;肝脏谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性随饲料中苏氨酸水平的升高呈先增加后减小的趋势;饲料中不同水平苏氨酸对鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分无显著影响(P0.05)。以特定生长率、饲料效率及蛋白质沉积率为评价指标,经二次回归分析得出,鲈鱼对饲料中苏氨酸的最适需求量分别为占饲料干重的1.84%、1.87%及1.83%,占饲料蛋白质的4.11%、4.18%及4.09%。     

复合乳酸菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胃肠道pH、肠道形态和盲肠微生物的影响

本研究旨在探究复合乳酸菌制剂(CLP)对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、组织器官指数、胃肠道pH、肠道形态以及盲肠微生物数量的影响.选取1日龄体重相近、健康状况良好的黄羽肉鸡母鸡2100只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复70只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加120 mg/kg的恩拉霉素,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加...     

Carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.) improve growth performance,antioxidant status and caecal characteristics in growing rabbits

The objective of this study was to evaluate carob pods and their effect on growth performance, antioxidant activities, carcass and caecal characteristics and equilibrium modification of the caecal microbiota population of growing NZW rabbits. Eighty weaned rabbits (initial body weight: 625.00 ± 26.46 g) were randomly allocated into four dietary groups of 20 rabbits each until 90 days of age. Dietary groups were as follows: C (basal diet with no supplementation), CP1 (basal diet + 2.5% carob pods), CP2 (basal diet + 5% carob pods) and CP3 (basal diet + 10% carob pods). Rabbits given the CP2 diet had significantly higher daily and final body weights compared with the other experimental groups. The increase in inclusion rate of carob pods significantly decreased feed intake, whereas carob pods at 5% in the CP2 group recorded the best value of feed conversion ratio. Rabbits in the CP3 group showed the worst slaughter weight and carcass dressing percentage weight. No significant effect was found on meat protein and ash contents. Cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein and triglycerides decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in rabbits treated with carob pods compared with the control. Because of high content of the antioxidant compounds in CP2 and CP3 groups, the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S‐transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase increased, whereas the concentration of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance decreased significantly. Rabbits given the CP2 diet had a significantly higher volatile fatty acid concentration and a lower pH in content of the caecum compared to the other groups. The data of microbial analysis for C group showed a significant increase in Escherichia coli and Clostridium counts. Lactobacillus and Bacillus counts increased significantly more in the CP2 and CP3 groups than in the other groups. In conclusion, 5% of carob pods in the diet stimulated the performance of growing rabbits, and thus, it has potential as an unconventional feed resource for rabbits without any adverse effects.     

育肥期肉猪日粮添加糖萜素的效果研究

选用82日龄29.76±0.52 kg体重育肥猪57头,随机分为2组,试验组27头和对照组30头,每组设3个重复,试验组日粮中添加糖萜素,对照组日粮中添加抗生素及砷制剂,试验期78 d,研究糖萜素对肉猪肥育期的影响.试验结果表明:与对照组相比较,试验组日增重降低7.46%(P＜0.05)、饲料转化率提高(P＞0.05)、腹泻率提高1.77%(P＞0.05),综合经济效益显著.     

非洲菊品种间杂交主要观赏性状在F1代的遗传表现

 以14个切花非洲菊品种配制成16个杂交组合，研究了切花的6个观赏性状在F₁代的遗传表现。结果发现：(1) 所有观赏性状在F₁代都发生了广泛分离，这意味着无性繁殖使亲本品种保持着高度的杂合性；(2) 花色、瓣型两个质量性状表现为倾母性遗传，绿心表现为隐性遗传；(3) 花径、花梗长、舌状花瓣数3个性状在F₁代总体上呈明显衰退，但因变异幅度大，仍有超亲个体存在。