Studies on the green liver in cultured red sea bream fed low level and non-fish meal diets: Relationship between hepatic taurine and biliverdin levels

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of green liver in red sea bream fed substitute protein diets. Red sea bream Pagrus major was given either of the following diets for 28 weeks: (1) control diet (50% fish meal), (2) low level fish meal diet (15% fish meal), and (3) non-fish meal diet (0% fish meal). The green liver was observed in all groups tested, but the incidence was much higher in the experimental diet groups. The feeding of substitute protein diets reduced plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. However, there was no significant difference in plasma hepatic enzyme activities and plasma bile salts concentration among the treatments. Fish fed the substitute protein diets showed low hepatic taurine levels with an appearance of a biliverdin in the liver. Moreover, the proportion of ditaurobilirubin to total biliary bile pigments was significantly lower in fish fed the substitute protein diets. These data indicate that feeding of substitute protein diets did not induce any cholestatic hepatobiliary obstructions and that the low hepatic taurine level was one of the probable factors responsible for the occurrence of green liver in red sea bream fed substitute protein diets.     

光照强度对巴西橡胶树淡绿期叶片光合特性和活性氧代谢的影响

橡胶树种苗培育过程中需要避免强光照射,但光照强度对橡胶树幼苗叶片生理活性的作用机制尚不清楚。以橡胶树品系GT1的实生苗为材料,对植株进行不同光照强度处理,测定其淡绿期叶片在不同光照强度下的光合特性和活性氧代谢情况。结果表明,随着光照强度的增加,橡胶树淡绿期叶片的光化学效率(Fv/Fm)呈现上升规律,同时过氧化物的含量也呈现上升趋势,但是由于抗氧化酶对活性氧清除的作用,1 000μmol/m2·s的高光照强度并没有对橡胶树叶片造成伤害。说明200~400μmol/(m2·s)的光照强度比较适合橡胶树苗淡绿期叶片的生长和发育。     

密度对不同类型大豆叶部性状的影响

 以耐密植品种垦丰16和普通品种绥农14为材料,设置不同种植密度小区试验,研究密度对不同耐密性大豆叶部性状的影响。结果表明：耐密植品种垦丰16产量高于普通品种绥农14,特别是在高密度条件下差异达到极显著水平;垦丰16随着密度增加光合速率和水分利用效率下降速度较绥农14慢;在栽培密度变化时叶柄长度变化没有绥农14明显,在高密度条件下冠层更加疏朗,有利于群体通风透光;绥农14随着密度增大,叶色值的峰值提前,而垦丰16的叶色值出现时期没有明显变化,且生育后期耐密品种的叶色值高于普通品种,可见叶色值峰值变化小,后期叶片持绿性强是耐密植品种的一个重要特性;垦丰16的叶形指数在3种密度条件下都高于绥农14,更有利于通风透光。从3种密度条件下产量、光合速率、水分利用效率、叶色值、叶形指数和叶柄长度的变化规律可以看出垦丰16更适于密植栽培。     

小麦和谷子C_4光合途径关键酶活性及其与光合和蒸腾的关系

为了解小麦和谷子叶片中C4光合途径关键酶磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)、NADP-苹果酸酶(NADP-ME)、磷酸丙酮酸二激酶(PPDK)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)的活性差异及其与光合速率和蒸腾速率的关系,以4个小麦品种(中国春、晋麦47、绵阳11、小偃6号)和4个谷子品种(豫谷1号、吨谷1号、冀谷19、冀谷20)为材料,在苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、开花期和灌浆期,分别测定了小麦和谷子叶片中四种光合酶的活性、净光合速率和蒸腾速率。结果表明,在小麦生育期,叶片中均可检测到这四种光合酶的活性,且酶活性与净光合速率变化趋势一致;谷子叶片中四种光合酶活性均远高于小麦;不同小麦和谷子品种间四种光合酶活性存在显著差异。小麦的PPDK和NADP-ME活性均与净光合速率呈显著正相关,与蒸腾速率相关不显著;谷子的MDH、PEPC和PPDK活性均与净光合速率呈显著正相关,仅豫谷1号的PEPC活性、冀谷20和吨谷1号的MDH活性与蒸腾速率呈显著正相关。     

Marennine,Promising Blue Pigments from a Widespread Haslea Diatom Species Complex

In diatoms, the main photosynthetic pigments are chlorophylls a and c, fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin. The marine pennate diatom Haslea ostrearia has long been known for producing, in addition to these generic pigments, a water-soluble blue pigment, marennine. This pigment, responsible for the greening of oysters in western France, presents different biological activities: allelopathic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and growth-inhibiting. A method to extract and purify marennine has been developed, but its chemical structure could hitherto not be resolved. For decades, H. ostrearia was the only organism known to produce marennine, and can be found worldwide. Our knowledge about H. ostrearia-like diatom biodiversity has recently been extended with the discovery of several new species of blue diatoms, the recently described H. karadagensis, H. silbo sp. inedit. and H. provincialis sp. inedit. These blue diatoms produce different marennine-like pigments, which belong to the same chemical family and present similar biological activities. Aside from being a potential source of natural blue pigments, H. ostrearia-like diatoms thus present a commercial potential for aquaculture, cosmetics, food and health industries.     

麦氏云杉幼苗生理特征的海拔变异及适应性

以关帝山庞泉沟自然保护区来自3个海拔梯度(1650 m、1980 m和2268 m)的麦氏云杉2年生天然幼苗为试验材料,进行不同海拔麦氏云杉相互移栽,测定移植1个生长季后幼苗的光合生理和叶绿素荧光特性,以期了解来自不同种源麦氏云杉幼苗对海拔的适应性及其对未来气候变化的响应和适应能力。结果表明:1)低海拔种源麦氏云杉幼苗移栽至高海拔之后,气孔导度(gs)减小,蒸腾速率(E)降低,光合速率(An)降低,可溶性糖含量降低,高海拔种源幼苗移栽至低海拔则有相反的趋势。2)最大量子效率(Fv/Fm)、电子传递效率(ETR)、1,5-二磷酸核酮糖最大再生效率(Jmax)和磷酸丙糖利用效率(TPU)指标在样地和种源间差异不显著。综上所述,麦氏云杉幼苗生理特性主要受环境因素的影响,海拔来源的影响较小。     

铝毒和低磷胁迫对水稻幼苗生长·根系有机酸分泌的影响

[目的]为明确低磷、铝毒单独及复合胁迫下,不同水稻品种生理响应的差异。[方法]采用营养液培养试验,以秀水132(耐铝型)和甬优8号(铝敏感型)为材料,研究了各胁迫下幼苗干物质积累、光合能力和根系有机酸分泌量。[结果]低磷、铝毒胁迫下根系和地上部干重、叶绿素含量、光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著下降。低磷铝毒复合胁迫下幼苗干重及光合参数值均显著低于单一胁迫处理;酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸和乙酸是根系各处理下分泌的主要有机酸。低磷、铝毒胁迫下根系乙酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸分泌量增加,复合胁迫时根系3种有机酸的分泌量高于单一胁迫处理。低磷、铝毒胁迫下水稻幼苗干重、光合能力及根系有机酸分泌存在显著的基因型差异。各胁迫下甬优8号植株干重和光合参数的下降幅度高于秀水132,而秀水132根系有机酸分泌量的增幅大于甬优8号。[结论]低磷铝毒复合胁迫引发水稻幼苗更严重的生理代谢抑制,以甬优8号表现更明显;复合胁迫下根系有机酸分泌量高于单一胁迫,以秀水132增幅更大。     

海洋沉积物中光合色素的萃取方法研究

在前人研究的基础上,结合国内外研究进展,使用HPLC的色素分析技术,从萃取剂的选择、样品干燥与否、静置时间以及超声方式等方面逐步优化沉积物中光合色素的萃取方法,完善海洋沉积物中18种光合色素的前处理技术。     

种植密度对春玉米灌浆期光合特性及产量的影响

[目的]揭示玉米（Zea mays L.）光合生理指标和产量间的关系,以期为玉米高产、高效生产及合理密植提供理论依据和技术支持.[方法]研究了3个春玉米品种（紧凑型品种铁研124和郑单958,半紧凑型品种丹玉39）在4.5万、6.0万、7.5万株/hm2种植密度条件下灌浆期光合特性和产量的变化.[结果]种植密度对春玉米灌浆期光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度有负影响;铁研124与郑单958在7.5万株/hm2种植密度下均获得了较高的产量,丹玉39在6.0万株/hm2种植密度下产量最高.相关分析表明,铁研124与郑单958的群体产量与单株光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均呈负相关;丹玉39的群体产量与单株光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均呈正相关.[结论]郑单958与铁研124的产量增加得宜于群体数量的增加,适宜密植.丹玉39主要来源于单株产量,不适宜密植.     

苏州主要园林树种的光合固碳能力对比分析

园林树种的光合固碳能够维持城市空气中CO2和O2的平衡。以苏州地区32个园林树种为材料,利用Li-6400便携式光合作用仪测定了其光合日变化,并利用测定结果计算其日净固碳能力,再以聚类分析法对其日净固碳量进行分类。结果如下:第1类[日净固碳量极高,17.55~18.76 g/(m2·d)]有紫荆、枫杨、垂柳,第2类[日净固碳量高,12.25~16.02 g/(m2·d)]有大叶女贞、乌桕、榉树、枫香树、垂丝海棠、樱花、夹竹桃,第3类[日净固碳量中等,8.57~11.97 g/(m2·d)]有银杏、红花檵木、朴树、乐昌含笑、红叶李、杜英、海桐、金边黄杨、杜鹃、重阳木、樟树、金丝桃、红叶石楠,第4类[日净固碳量低,3.81~7.64 g/(m2·d)]有红枫、洒金东瀛珊瑚、金叶女贞、八角金盘、五角枫、鹅掌楸、紫薇、木芙蓉、桂花。上述分析结果可对苏州的园林规划及树种选择提供一定的理论指导。