锰胁迫下鸡眼草的富集特征及生理响应

为探明植物对锰胁迫的耐受性机制,以采自重金属污染区与非污染区的鸡眼草为试验材料,在不同锰浓度胁迫下［0 （对照）、1000、5000、10000、15000、20000 μmol·L^-1］ 开展盆栽试验,比较研究锰胁迫对两种来源鸡眼草表型、生理生化特性及锰积累特征的影响。结果表明：随着锰浓度的升高,1） 两种来源鸡眼草的根干重、芽干重、根冠比均呈降低的趋势;当锰浓度达5000~20000 μmol·L^-1时,与对照相比,污染区、非污染区鸡眼草的芽干重分别下降4.34%~27.71%与16.33%~49.77%,根干重分别下降19.00%~66.06%与27.90%~77.54%,污染区下降幅度均较非污染区的小;2） 两种来源鸡眼草的叶绿素、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性均呈先升后降的趋势,可溶性蛋白含量逐渐下降,丙二醛（MDA）含量则逐渐升高;3） 两种来源鸡眼草根、茎、叶的锰含量均增加;锰浓度为20000 μmol·L^-1时,污染区和非污染区鸡眼草的叶锰含量分别为对照的16.53和13.41倍。因此,污染区鸡眼草锰耐受能力及富集能力均较非污染区鸡眼草高,较高的抗氧化酶活性是其耐受高锰胁迫的重要生理机制。     

高产棉花太阳辐射能利用率及干物质分配规律研究

通过对1988～1989年高产棉花栽培试验结果进行分析发现,棉花的太阳辐射利用率在叶面积系数小于2.0时随叶面积系数的增加而线性增加,大于2.0时增加变缓。从生育时间看,7月中旬前太阳辐射利用率指数上升,7月中旬至8月底相对稳定在1.2～1.4克/兆焦左右,9月以后又不同程度线性下降。生长季内子棉太阳辐射经济效率1988和1989年分别为0.14和0.15克/兆焦。收获指数与最大叶面积系数呈显著负相关;盛花期之前棉株各器官之间的同伸关系或明显,盛花期后器官的生长相互间无明显的确定性关系。如能调节密度与叶面积系数的关系,使得既提高5～6月的辐射能利用率,同时使7～8月叶面积系数维持在3.0～3.5的适宜范围内,9～10月群体又不早衰,则有利于获得高产。     

Soil aggregate formation and stability induced by starch and cellulose

Soil aggregate (SA) can be formed and stabilized when soil organic matter (SOM) is decomposed in the soil. However, the relationships between the SA dynamics and SOM with different decomposition rates have not been clarified. Therefore, this study examined the effects of the addition of polysaccharides to soil on SA formation and stability. A Japanese tropical soil was incubated for 99 d at 30 °C in a dark environment following the addition of 0.5% (w/w) starch or cellulose. The decomposition rates of the amendments, and SA formation and stability were evaluated by measuring soil respiration rates, and distribution fractions of soil aggregate sizes and mean weight diameter (MWD) of SA, respectively. The cumulative soil respirations with all treatments rapidly increased until Day 12 of the incubation. The initial slope of the cumulative soil respiration in the soil with starch was significantly higher than that in the soil with cellulose. In either soil with starch or cellulose, the fractions of macro-aggregates (>1000 μm in diameter) significantly increased, respectively, compared with control soil. However, the fractions of meso-aggregates (250–1000 μm) and nano-aggregate (<20 μm) in the soil with starch significantly decreased, while those fractions in the soil with cellulose fluctuated until Day 6. The MWDs reached the maximum on Day 6, indicating the SA formation in the soils with starch or cellulose. The increasing rate of the SA formation in the starch-amended soil was greatly higher than that in the cellulose-amended soil. After Day 6, the MWDs in the soils with either polysaccharide decreased with similar trends with no significant differences between treatments, indicating similar stability of the SA in both treatments. This study showed that the different decomposability of the organic amendments might influence the SA formation differently, but not the SA stability.     

The long-term effects of fire regime on primary production of montane grasslands in South Africa

Natural grasslands deliver essential ecosystem services through plant production, which enhances water supply, nutrient cycling, soil retention and greenhouse gas mitigation. Although the condition of montane grasslands for provision of ecosystem services is maintained by regular annual or biennial burning, controversy exists over the impact of different frequencies and seasons of burning on grassland productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of different burning regimes on primary production and quality of the montane grasslands of the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg. There were no significant differences in the mean standing live mass between 30 years of annual winter and biennial spring burning. However, in unburnt areas productivity was 20% lower (118.2?g m?2) than in regularly burnt grassland (144.7–154.5?g m?2). Crude protein did not vary between the annual winter and biennial spring treatments (95–113?kg ha?1), but was significantly lower in unburned areas (45?kg ha^?1). However, an infrequent fire in a protected area caused a temporary spike in crude protein (16%) compared with regular burning (5–10%), which can benefit wildlife. We conclude that montane grasslands can be burnt annually or biennially in the dormant season to promote long-term productivity.     

水氮调控对苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播草地生长和辐射利用的影响

针对我国内陆干旱区人工草地生产管理粗放及气候资源利用不充分等问题,探究合理的牧草种植与水氮供应模式,以充分挖掘区域牧草的生产潜力。采用3 a生(2018年播种)紫花苜蓿(简称‘苜蓿’)和无芒雀麦,分析种植模式(苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播,D1;无芒雀麦单播,D2)、施氮量(低氮量N1:60 kg·hm^-2;高氮量N2:120 kg·hm^-2)和灌水量(以灌水下限占田间持水量θ_f的百分比计,分枝期均充分灌水(75%～85%θ_f),现蕾和初花期轻度亏水W1:65%～75%θ_f、中度亏水W2:55%～65%θ_f、重度亏水W3:45%～55%θ_f,灌水上限均为85%θ_f)对牧草叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质累积量、累积截获光合有效辐射量(CIPAR)、辐射利用效率(RUE)、产量(Y)、耗水量(ET_a)、水分利用效率(WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFP_N)的影响。结果表明：(1)牧草LAI和...     

Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

药用红花生长发育规律的研究

根据药用红花根、叶、茎、分枝、花及生长中心的变化特点，将药用红花个体发育过程划分为莲座期、伸长期、分枝期、开花期及种子成熟期５个生育时期，红花一生有５２叶左右，以伸长期出叶速度最快，平均每２．０天出一叶，这一时期形成１７叶左右。叶面积在生育前期较小，至分枝期达最高值（４月中旬，３０７４．５ｃｍ＾２／ｐｉａｎｔ，叶面积指数５．５），且保持较高叶面积一定时间，以利于分枝和花的发育。红花在分枝期净同化率     

Application of Matter Element Analysis in Assessment of Ambient Air Quality

A new method for assessment of ambient air quality is proposed by using matter element analysis.This model is simple and reasonable in assessment.The practical example is given,and compared with other methods.     

软硬物质分离技术及其关键设备的研究

根据农副产品加工技术的现状以及现有典型设备的适用范围和特点,介绍了农副产品软硬物质分离机的结构和工作原理.该机解决了现有同类设备加工品种单一的问题,可以用在农副产品、水产品加工领域,具有分离效果好、含杂质率低、产品产出率高和结构独特等特点.