咸阳市建国60年来耕地利用因素与粮食生产相关分析

首先从粮食产量计算模型中解析出耕地利用4因素,即耕地利用广度、耕地利用程度、耕地利用结构以及耕地利用集约度,进而采用相关分析法求得各阶段耕地利用4因素与粮食产量的相关系数,并参考其偏相关系数,研究建国60年来耕地利用这4方面对粮食生产影响的时序变化,结果表明:(1)不断加强的耕地利用集约度始终是第一位的贡献因素,但其影响趋势缓慢减弱;(2)耕地利用广度对粮食产量的影响趋势减弱,二者互动效应不明显,然而,在耕地面积大幅度减少和农业生产技术快速发展的情况下,耕地面积对粮食生产的约束力增强;(3)耕地利用程度与粮食生产的相关性增强趋势凸显,从而,加大耕地利用程度成为推动粮食生产的有效新动力。(4)耕地利用结构变化对粮食产量的贡献减弱,然而其对粮食生产的制约性渐强。     

Mass balanced based LCA of a common carp-lettuce aquaponics system

An aquaponics system (AS) is an integrated system that combines a recirculating aquaculture system and a hydroponics system (HS). It is designed to recover nutrients released from fish and transfer them to plants to provide a system more environmentally-friendly than the two systems working separately. As a result, several AS are under development, but little information is available about their overall performances. The aim of this study was to assess nutrient-use efficiency and environmental impacts of an AS, specifically a common carp-lettuce AS located in a greenhouse. Nutrient budgets of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were calculated and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed for the AS and for a lettuce Individual Hydroponics System (IHS), similar to the HS of the AS, operating in the greenhouse at the same time. The experiment was performed over a 52-day cycle, which corresponds to the growing time required to harvest marketable lettuce. The nutrient budgets were well balanced, with 24.6% of the N unaccounted-for, most likely due to N2 gas emission, and 6.6% of the P unaccounted-for, most likely due to having underestimated the quantity of sediment. At the beginning of the experiment, N represented 55.9%, 37.1% and 0.1% of the total N input in the formulated feed, stocked fish and lettuce seedlings, respectively. At the end of the experiment, N represented 47.6% and 0.4% of the total N input in the harvested fish and lettuce, respectively. At the beginning of the experiment, P represented 56.94%, 40.20% and 0.03% of the total P input in the formulated feed, stocked fish and lettuce seedlings, respectively. At the end of the experiment, P represented 51.52% and 0.42% of the total P input in the harvested fish and lettuce, respectively. LCA clearly indicated two environmental impact hotspots: the origin of nutrients and energy use. One kg of lettuce growth in the AS clearly had lower environmental impacts than that in the IHS for climate change, acidification, eutrophication, land competition and cumulative energy demand; however, a decrease in water dependence was not observed. The indicator for net primary production use highlighted the dependence of the AS on natural resources, especially fish meal and fish oil. Compared to the use of chemical nutrients in the IHS, the use of nutrients from formulated feed in the AS decreased climate change impact but increased the use of natural resources.     

工业人工林发展研究——解决我国木材供需矛盾途径分析之一

从我国工业人工林的发展背景出发 ,论述我国工业人工林发展的意义 ;重点分析我国南方工业人工林经营的技术经济效益、发展中存在的问题以及工业人工林在我国的发展前景 ;找出影响我国工业人工林发展的关键因素 ,在此基础上提出进行制度创新和技术创新为我国工业人工林的发展提供必要的条件和相应技术支持的对策建议     

抽样技术在森林生物量调查中的应用综述

森林生物量是反映生态系统结构和功能特征的重要指标,也是研究森林生态系统中能量流动与物质循环的基础依据。在满足精度与可靠性的条件下,通过改进样本抽取方法及辅助历史资料,减少抽取样本单元和使样本单元集中是生物量调查要研究的重要问题。生物量空间分布格局是影响调查精度的重要因素,抽样技术是影响调查效率的关键因素,传统等概率抽样在满足规定的精度与可靠性前提下确定的样本单元数仍较多且分散,运用于生物量调查存在局限性。研究适应性抽样技术能基于森林生物量的空间分布格局进行不等概率抽样,能有效提高调查效率,满足不同区域尺度和空间分布特点的生物量估测的实际需要。     

外源共生基因对紫云英根瘤菌共生效率的影响

 将豌豆根瘤菌共生质粒pJB5JI、含紫云英根瘤菌共生基因的重组质粒pRaZ15及含苜蓿根瘤菌共生基因的重组质粒pRmSL26导入紫云英根瘤菌野生型菌株7653R，然后对3种转移接合子的共生固氮效率进行了比较全面的测定。结果表明：转移接合子7653R（pJB5JI）的共生固氮能力较出发菌株7653R大幅度提高，而且表现出较高的竞争结瘤能力，转移接合子7653R（pRmSL26）在固氮酶活性、植物干重及结瘤数方面亦显著高于对照菌株7653R；转移接合子7653R（pRaZ15）虽然在固氮酶活性及植物干重方面没有发现显著性差异，但结瘤数显著减少。     

缺磷胁迫下长豇豆幼苗膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的变化

 研究对缺磷敏感程度不同的长豇豆品种在缺磷胁迫下叶片和根系SOD、CAT、POD活性及MDA含量的变化。结果表明，对缺磷不敏感的‘芦花白’保护酶活性升高或升幅较大，对缺磷敏感的‘二芦白’则活性下降或升幅较小，缺磷胁迫下长豇豆根SOD和POD活性升高。     

黑龙江省农业企业内部绩效评价

随着农业产业化的推进,农业企业得到较快发展,为了实现农业企业的科学管理,要求对农业企业内部绩效进行评价。网络区间DEA方法是将农业企业分为若干个非完全独立的子系统,每个子系统中包括输入、输出和中间变量。笔者在大量理论研究的基础上,采用网络DEA方法和区间DEA方法相结合,建立农业企业绩效评价的模型,并利用DPS数据处理软件进行求解,然后对黑龙江省农业企业的内部绩效进行研究,进而找出农业企业内部绩效的影响因素,对其进行深入分析,最后提出农业企业内部绩效改进的方法策略。农业企业每个部门经营的绩效高,减少了农业企业各部门不必要资源的投入,提升了农业企业的内部绩效水平。     

Long-term patterns of microhabitat use by fish in a southern Appalachian stream from 1983 to 1992: effects of hydrologic period, season and fish length

Abstract— We quantified microhabitat use by members of a southern Appalachian stream fish assemblage over a ten-year period that included both floods and droughts. Our study site (37 m in length) encompassed riffle, run and pool habitats. Previous research indicated that species belonged to either benthic or water-column microhabitat guilds. Most species exhibited non-random microhabitat use in all seasons, and benthic and water column species generally were over-represented in the deeper portions of the site. In addition, water column species generally were over-represented in microhabitats with lower average velocities. The majority of seasonal shifts in microhabitat use were passive (i. e. correlated with changes in microhabitat availability), whereas, most shifts associated with hydrological periods appeared to be active responses to changing environmental conditions. Most species exhibited length-related shifts in microhabitat use, which were strongly affected by hydrologic period for four of ten species. Microhabitat use patterns of assemblage members appeared to be a consequence of species-specific responses to changing environmental conditions. The highly flexible patterns of microhabitat use exhibited by these species necessitate that decisions regarding their management be based on data covering a range of environmental conditions.     

不同氮磷锌施肥水平对盐碱地牧草生物产量的影响

［目的］优化氮磷锌肥配比施用量。［方法］选择苜蓿、草木樨、星星草、沙打旺、羊草等耐盐牧草,采用311-A最优回归设计,比较氮磷锌施肥水平。 ［结果］最高产草量16 534.10 kg/hm^2,相应的氮肥、磷肥、锌肥用量分别为116.55 、121.35 、31.20 kg/hm^2;最佳经济效益牧草产量16 233.90 kg/hm^2,相应的氮肥、磷肥、锌肥用量分别为116.40、121.20、30.90 kg/hm^2,纯收益为2 472.40元/hm^2。［结论］对牧草产量影响的顺序依次是磷肥、氮肥和锌肥。     

硫酸香茅醛显色法测定莪术油微囊载药量与包封率

为评价莪术油/(麦芽糊精-Povacoat)微囊的质量,建立了硫酸香茅醛显色测定其载药量和包封率的方法。对莪术油乙醇溶液进行波长扫描,确定508nm为最大吸收波长,显色稳定性试验表明,反应液在150min内吸光度较稳定。莪术油检测浓度在0.199 2μg/mL~9.960μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(A=0.094 7C-0.001 2,r=0.999 3),微囊的载药量测定和包封率测定的方法回收率分别为99.6%和99.1%。经测定,3批微囊的载药量为51.5mg/g~53.2mg/g,包封率为88.2%~90.7%。