铅、锌胁迫对蕹菜光合色素及活性氧代谢的影响

研究了铅、锌胁迫对蕹菜叶片的光合色素、活性氧代谢及细胞膜透性变化等的影响。结果表明 ,随着Pb、Zn浓度的增加 ,蕹菜叶片MDA含量和质膜相对透性均显著增大 ,叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量和叶绿素a/b值均先升后降 ,SOD、POD活性呈现出先升高后降低的趋势 ,它们对Pb、Zn毒害的响应浓度不同 ,分别在 10mg/LPb和 2 5mg/LZn左右时达到峰值。对Pb、Zn毒害作用机制进行了讨论 ,认为活性氧自由基的攻击是其伤害的一个重要原因 ,SOD、POD和类胡萝卜素对防止毒害作用起到一定的作用     

UV老化后氧化铁颜料着色木纤维-HDPE复合材料的性能变化

探讨了氧化铁颜料对木纤维．高密度聚乙烯复合材耐老化性能的改善作用。采用四种常用的氧化铁颜料与木纤维、高密度聚乙烯和其他加工助剂干混,并用自行设计的双螺杆／单螺杆双阶挤出机组制造木塑复合材料。对该木塑复合材料进行人工加速紫外循环老化处理,用CIE1976L^＊a^＊b^＊表色体系和ASTMD790标准分别对老化前后的材料进行测试,结果显示加入颜料以后木塑复合材料的抗弯弹性模量没有明显的变化,但是弯曲强度都有一定程度的提高。经过2000h人工加速紫外老化以后,不论是颜色要是力学性能都发生了明显的变化。铁红和铁黑着色的试样在整个老化过程中表现较好,颜料添加量约2．28％比较适宜。     

Responses of Pinus massoniana and Pinus taeda to freezing in temperate forests in central China

Abstract

Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), a native species widely distributed in temperate forests in central China, and Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), an exotic tree species introduced to China from southeastern United States, are dominant evergreen conifers that play a pivotal role in maintaining forest structure and functions for the region. We examined the effects of freezing on these species with chlorophyll fluorescence and electrolyte leakage using both field- and laboratory-based experiments in September 2009 and January 2010, respectively. We found that freezing could cause a greater impact on the Loblolly pine than the Masson pine. Although the two species showed similar values of F _v /F _m and electrolyte leakage before freezing, the Masson pine needles showed lower F _v /F _m and higher electrolyte leakage ratios than those of the Loblolly pine when treated in low temperatures (?15 to 0°C). We also found that cold-acclimation was crucial for both species to adapt to low temperatures with the F _v /F _m ratio decreased approximately by 80% in the first freezing hour for the non-acclimated needles of both species while the cold-acclimated needles showed little changes in the F _v /F _m ratio. This finding is also supported by our measurements of electrolyte leakage. These results suggest that the Loblolly pine could be more susceptible to freezing damages than the Masson pine in central China.     

Alteration in important quality traits and antioxidant activities in Brassica oleracea with Ogura cybrid cytoplasm

In vegetable brassicas, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system is the most preferred mechanism for hybrid seed production and Ogura cybrid cytoplasm is the only source used widely. Effects of the alien cybrid cytoplasm on important quality traits need to be understood for their effective use in breeding programme. In analysing 38 Ogura cybrid cytoplasm‐based cauliflower CMS lines, it was revealed that introgression of Ogura cytoplasm resulted in significant alteration in important quality traits. Cupric reducing antioxidant activity and ferric reducing ability of plasma values were increased up to 5–10 times in different genotypes. Among 38 analysed CMS lines, concentration of plant pigments such as anthocyanin, total chlorophylls and ascorbic acid was reduced in 21, 17 and 32 genotypes, respectively. However, the concentration of total carotenoids and β‐carotene was elevated in most of the CMS lines and total carotenoid was increased up to 20 times in the CMS line, Ogu13‐85‐2A. The results indicate the role of nuclear–cytoplasmic interaction and mitochondrial genome in determining concentration of different quality traits.     

新鲜烟叶不同处理对质体色素含量的影响

以K326为材料,利用高效液相色谱法测定了杀青与液氮研磨两种处理后烟叶4种质体色素叶绿素a,叶绿素b,β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素的含量。结果显示,虽然液氮研磨与新鲜烟叶质体色素含量存在极显著差异,但与杀青相比,液氮研磨烟叶更接近新鲜烟叶中质体色素的含量。可见对于新鲜烟叶质体色素含童的测定,液氮研磨要比杀青处理结果更接近真实磕。     

光强对水稻叶色白化突变体苗期生长的影响

为揭示水稻叶色突变体——高光A和9522中脉白苗期对光强的响应,在光照培养箱中采用遮光法,观测了6种光强下2个水稻叶色突变体及其野生型的出叶速度、苗高和叶绿体色素的动态变化．结果表明,相同生长期内,各种光强下水稻叶色突变体的叶龄和苗高均小于野生型,且高光A比9522中脉白对光强更敏感．高光强下的高光A叶片白化表现最明显,而9522中脉白的叶片白化最明显表现在低光强．2个水稻叶色突变体的叶绿体色素含量与野生型差异最小时的光强均为90001x,但高光A和9522中脉白的差异最大时的光强分别为21000lx和18000lx,这为今后深入研究2个水稻叶色突变体的内在机制提供了先决条件．     

Determination of Moisture Deficit and Heat Stress Tolerance in Corn Using Physiological Measurements and a Low‐Cost Microcontroller‐Based Monitoring System

In the southern United States, corn production encounters moisture deficit coupled with high‐temperature stress, particularly during the reproductive stage of the plant. In evaluating plants for environmental stress tolerance, it is important to monitor changes in their physical environment under natural conditions, especially when there are multiple stress factors, and integrate this information with their physiological responses. A low‐cost microcontroller‐based monitoring system was developed to automate measurement of canopy, soil and air temperatures, and soil moisture status in field plots. The purpose of this study was to examine how this system, in combination with physiological measurements, could assist in detecting differences among corn genotypes in response to moisture deficit and heat stress. Three commercial hybrids and two inbred germplasm lines were grown in the field under irrigated and non‐irrigated conditions. Leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigments, cell membrane thermostability (CMT) and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) were determined on these genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Variations observed in air and soil temperatures, and soil moisture in plots of the individual corn genotypes helped explain their differences in canopy temperature (CT), and these variations were reflected in the physiological responses. One of the commercial hybrids, having the lowest CT and the highest CMT, was the most tolerant among the genotypes under moisture deficit and heat stress conditions. These results demonstrated that the low‐cost microcontroller‐based monitoring system, in combination with physiological measurements, was effective in evaluating corn genotypes for drought and heat stress tolerance.     

马铃薯花色苷研究进展

综述了马铃薯花色苷的分布、种类、结构、提取纯化方法、生理功能和应用等方面的研究进展,并介绍了块茎在发育和储藏期间花色苷的变化及光、温等外界因素对马铃薯块茎颜色的影响.     

Metabolie Engineering of Flower Color in Ornamental Plants

Abstract

Advances in the knowledge of plant pigment pathways at genetic, biochemical and molecular levels, and the establishment of genetic transformation methods for an increasing number of plant species have paved the way to genetic engineering of flower and plant color for ornamental purposes. From trial-and-error approaches based on the available few genes, the trend is now to comprehensively study the target species, genotypes and pigment pathways to precisely address specific breeding goals. This review examines the state of the art in this field, from the pioneering stages to fundamental and applied research on flavonoids, which is being extended to carotenoids and is also likely to involve other pigments in the near future.     

不同基因型小麦品种光合色素及抗衰老酶活性的比较

在大田条件下研究了不同多穗型小麦旗叶光合色素含量、叶片抗衰老酶活性及籽粒灌浆参数的差异,为小麦的高产超高产栽培提供一定的理论依据。结果表明,不同多穗型小麦品种叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量差异显著,类胡萝卜素含量差异不明显。不同多穗型小麦产量差异显著,烟农24、烟农22、烟2415、烟农21产量分别比鲁麦21提高19.3%、12.6%、12.5%、8.1%。各基因型小麦穗粒数差异不明显。不同基因型小麦SOD、POD、CAT活性差异显著。烟农24 SOD活性较高,烟农21 POD活性最高,烟农22 CAT活性最高。