4种豆科牧草种子对绵羊消化道作用的反应

以4种野生豆科牧草苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroide)、线叶野豌豆(Vicia tenuifolia)、光果甘草(Glycyrrhizae glabrae)、罗马苜蓿(Medicago romanica)种子为研究对象,测定各种子在绵羊消化道作用前后的形态、生物学特性变化以及在绵羊消化道内的运移和排放规律。结果表明,4种种子排放过程均符合高斯模型,且苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草排放峰值均出现在饲喂后24~36h,罗马苜蓿种子排放峰值则出现在18~30h。苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草和罗马苜蓿种子总回收率分别为14.513%、4.463%、10.811%、4.608%,在绵羊消化道内的平均滞留时间分别为36.3、29.6、31.2和31.9h。除苦豆子外,其它3种植物种子在经过消化道后单粒重显著降低(P0.05),4种种子消化后的形状指数较经过消化道前显著减小。经过绵羊消化道后种皮颜色加深,纹理模糊,出现褶皱及明显侵蚀斑。与经过消化道前比较,4种植物种子经过消化道后的发芽率均有显著提高,其中发芽率提高效果最明显的时间段在消化24~48h后。消化道作用可有效打破苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草、罗马苜蓿种子的硬实,4种植物种子均可通过绵羊消化道传播。     

转基因奶牛胚胎移植技术的试验研究

2006年6月至2010年3月以来,北京奶牛中心与中国农业大学合作,在北京奶牛中心良种场开展了转基因牛胚胎移植试验研究。本试验利用中国农业大学培育的转基因母牛作为供体,进行超数排卵生产体内胚胎,将获得的胚胎移植给15～15.5月龄荷斯坦母牛受体。截止2010年3月21日,累计移植转基因奶牛胚胎87枚,移植受体牛87头,妊娠48头,移植妊娠率为55.17%;产犊43头,成活34头,犊牛成活率为79%;经中国农业大学研究人员检测,有14头公牛携带转入目的基因,这14头公牛已全部进入北京市种公牛站饲养。目前,有10头公牛到了试采精月龄,精液经农业部牛冷冻精液质量监督检验测试中心(北京)检测,质量符合国家标准。     

探讨如何提高大树移植的成活率

据各大城市提供的数据分析,大树移植的成活率仅在50%左右,这个问题日益受到有关专家及园林建设者们的重视。如何提高大树移植的成活率?笔者经过多年的实践,认为,大树移植是一项系统的工程,需要严格的技术要求和具体的养护措施,只有遵循自然生长规律,才能收到较好的成活效果。     

金针菇航天种菌丝诱变效应的研究

本实验以2个金针菇航天诱变菌种(航金1号和航金2号)和地面对照菌种(江山白)为材料,进行了拮抗实验、菌丝生长速度实验、抗杂性实验和酯酶同工酶分析实验研究,结果表明,金针菇航天种与对照之间有拮抗现象,但无拮抗线。航天搭载菌株的菌丝生长速率比对照快,其中航金1号生长速度最快。航金1号和航金2号均表现出较强的抗杂性,能抑制并盖过霉菌菌丝生长。通过酯酶同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析发现,航金1号和航金2号与对照相比都出现了特异谱带,说明经过航天诱变的菌株发生了一定的突变。     

Developmental Dynamics and Early Growth Vigour in Rice. I. Relationship Between Development Rate (1/Phyllochron) and Growth

Achieving early vigour, that is, rapid dry matter accumulation, is a priority in rice crop improvement, but this trait is complex and not well understood genetically and physiologically. This study tested the hypothesis that the development rate (DR) contributes to early vigour. Two diversity panels were phenotyped during vegetative stage for traits constituting early vigour (shoot dry weight, SDW; relative growth rate, RGR) or contributing to early vigour (tillering, leaf size, DR). The first panel comprised 169 genotypes from all major genetic groups of Oryza sativa and was phenotyped under irrigated upland conditions in the field (Philippines, Exp1). The second panel with 190 genotypes representing the diversity of the tropical japonica group was phenotyped in pots in a greenhouse (Montpellier, France, Exp2). Results from field and pot experiment pointed out that DR, tillering and leaf size were positively correlated with RGR and SDW, although the contribution of leaf size was small. DR was positively correlated with tillering but both were negatively correlated with leaf size. DR vs. RGR correlation was conserved in subsets of genotypes with similar leaf size and tillering, suggesting an effect of DR on RGR independent of the other traits. DR is a promising, still underexploited trait contributing to rice early vigour, requiring further genetic and physiological characterization.     

菌丝生长速度与呼吸消耗及胞外酶活性的关系

以棉籽壳为主料,对平菇、刺芹侧耳、黄伞、灵芝、金针菇和香菇原种培养期间的菌丝生长速度、呼吸消耗及胞外酶活性的关系进行了研究。结果表明,6种食用菌的菌丝生长速度与呼吸消耗正相关,而有机物的降解速率与胞外酶活性的大小没有相关性。     

花生组培苗嫁接技术的研究

为解决花生组培再生苗及转基因苗驯化移栽成活率低的难题,本试验以花生实生苗作为砧木,对花生嫁接技术进行了研究。试验结果表明:超净台内无菌嫁接效果较好,以再生苗或实生苗为接穗进行无菌嫁接,其成活率均达90%以上,明显高于室内嫁接成活率(71%～72%);无菌嫁接时12～15d苗龄的砧木效果最好;将无菌嫁接苗在培养基中培养3～5d后进行驯化移栽为最佳时期;不同花生基因型嫁接苗成活率在87%～95%;嫁接苗移栽田间后,其成活率高达94%,且100%结果。     

杨树伐根嫁接亲和力研究

以小美旱杨为砧木,选择了9个杨树品种作接穗进行伐根嫁接,研究了伐桩与接穗的亲和力。结果表明:以小美旱杨为伐桩,嫁接038杨,中林46杨,107杨,108杨,埃瑞达诺110杨,中林2001杨,中林2025杨和转基因杨的伐桩成活率均高于97.8%,第4年伐桩保存率均高于92.8%,可以满足林业生产的需要,表现出良好的亲和力。     

Comparative Biomass Production of Six Oat Varieties in a Saline Soil Ecology

Oat is widely used as a food source in human and animal diets. In China, supplementary cultivation of oat has recently been extended into marginal saline soils, due to its extensive use. The goal of the present study was to explore and compare the agronomic characteristics, biomass production, and distribution of oat in coastal saline soil. A single-factor randomized block design experiment with six naked and husked oat varieties [Bayou-1 (BU-1), Baiyan-2 (BY-2), Baiyan-7 (BY-7), Huawan-6 (HW-6), Huazao-2 (HZ-2), and Pin-16 (P-16)] as treatments was conducted in the Hebei Province of China. The growth period (77 to 88 days) of the six oat varieties were shorter in saline soil than their original breeding region. Moreover, the plant was shorter, with a lower grain number per plant and seed setting. Grain weight increased and no change was observed in the floret number in coastal saline soil relative to the original habitats. The BY-7 variety produced the highest biomass value of 7.0 t ha^?1 compared to the other five varieties. Compared with two active growth points, most varieties in the present study showed just one growth activity point between elongation and heading. Two fast growth periods for the six oat varieties were due to the high total leaf biomass growth rate (BGR) from elongation to heading and panicle BGR from heading to maturity. The biomass growth ratio (BGO) during elongation to heading was the largest among the four growth stages of the oat varieties. The number of kernels per spike decreased at the research site, but grain weight increased. Substantial differences were observed for growth periods, biomass, BGR, BGO, and other agronomic characters in the coastal saline soil of North China, but the BY-7 variety was the most suitable variety for the study site.     

家兔超数排卵和胚胎移植妊娠率的影响因素分析

应用FSH和HCG相结合的不同方法 (递减量与恒量法),对不同兔龄和是否经产的中国家兔进行了超数排卵处理。其中,递减量法超排处理:每间隔12 h依次肌肉注射15、15、10、10、5及5 U/只共60 U的FSH,6次之后间隔12 h,经耳缘静脉注射HCG 100 U/只,合笼;恒量法超排处理:每间隔12 h肌肉注射10 U/只共60 U的FSH,6次之后间隔12 h,经耳缘静脉注射HCG 100 U/只,合笼。17 h后,取卵经显微注射后移植到排卵点分布不同的家兔输卵管中,比较分析了超数排卵及胚胎移植妊娠率的影响因素,旨在优化兔超数排卵和胚胎移植方法。结果显示,①总量为60 U的FSH递减量肌肉注射法超排效果略优于恒量法(688枚、671枚),但差异不显著(P>0.05);②9～11月龄的母兔超排效果明显优于6～8月龄的母兔(794枚、565枚),差异显著(P<0.05);③经产母兔的超排效果明显优于未经产的母兔(887枚、472枚),差异显著(P<0.05);④经显微注射重组DNA的胚胎移植受体时,两侧卵巢均有排卵点的胚胎移植受体妊娠率明显高于一侧卵巢有排卵点和两侧卵巢均无排卵点的受体(81.25%、38.46%、37.50%),差异显著(P<0.05)。试验证明,通过肌肉注射递减总量为60 U的FSH对9～11月龄经产母兔的超排效果最佳,且两侧卵巢均有排卵点的受体胚胎移植妊娠率最高,为胚胎研究工作者提供了一定的参考依据。