未确知有理数在农业投资方案决策中的应用

利用未确知有理数方法进行农业投资方案决策,在理论上可行,所得结果是可信的。该方法可用于多层次决策,步骤简单,有效。     

酸角的核型研究

据观察分析,酸角根尖细胞的染色体数目和核型:2n=24=20m+4sm.     

阶层抽样理论抽样数模型的简化

本文对阶层抽样的理论抽样数模型作了简化。简化后的模型计算简单,便于在生产上应用。     

Cotton Chemical Topping by Applying DPC in Different Cotton-Growing Regions

[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and universality of cotton chemical topping by applying mepiquat chloride (1,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, DPC) in different cotton-growing regions. [Method] Field experiments were conducted in 2018 at 10 locations in the Yellow River basin (Hejian and Handan, Hebei province; Dezhou and Wudi, Shandong province), the Yangtze River basin (Dafeng, Jiangsu province; Huanggang, Hubei province), and Xinjiang area (Shihezi location I and loacation II, northern Xinjiang and Luntai and Shaya, southern Xinjiang). Local cultivars/lines were used, and the experiments were performed using a randomized complete block design with three or four replicates. Accompanied with typical DPC multi-application in each location, chemical topping was conducted at 10 days before manual topping (T1) or at the same time with manual topping (T2) by applying four dosages of DPC (0, 90, 180, 270 g·hm^－2), manual topping was used as the first control and non-topping as the second control. [Result] The time of chemical topping significantly affected cotton plant height (except for the results in Handan, Dezhou and Wudi) and the number of fruit branches (except for the results in Dafeng and Huanggang). It was observed that earlier chemical topping would result in lower cotton plant height and a fewer fruit branches. In Hejian and Shihezi location I, the average plant height across DPC chemical topping at T1 stage was not only lower than that of T2 stage but also 3.3 cm and 4.6 cm lower than that of manual topping, respectively. In most locations, chemical topping at T1 stage increased around two fruit branches per plant compared with manual topping, while in T2 stage the increased fruit branches per plant ranged from 2.3 to 7.7. Also, we found that a higher dosage of DPC resulted in shorter plant height (except for that in Huanggang). In some locations, plant heights of chemical topping with 180 g·hm^－2 or 270 g·hm^－2 DPC were even shorter than that of manual topping. The number of fruit branches per plant of 0 g·hm^－2 DPC increased by 2.4-8.3 compared with manual topping. However, chemical topping with 90-270 g·hm^－2 DPC significantly reduced the number of fruit branches compared with 0 g·hm^－2 DPC. There were no significant differences in the number of fruit branches among three DPC dosages (90, 180, and 270 g·hm^－2). In Handan, seed cotton yield of chemical topping at T2 stage was significantly lower than that of manual topping due to the decreased boll number, which is possibly associated with the high temperature and drought weather after chemical topping. While at other locations, most treatments of chemical topping by using DPC did not produce significant effects on yield. In addition, chemical topping by using DPC did not delay cotton maturity, characterized by their similar boll-opening rate and the first harvest rate to those of manual topping before spraying harvest aids. [Conclusion] Cotton chemical topping with DPC is more stable and universal across different cotton-growing regions. We suggest that 90-180 g·hm^－2 DPC could be used at the same time with manual topping for cotton chemical topping.     

一种产中性蛋白酶的凝结芽孢杆菌Liu-g1活菌制剂的制备方法

为提高发酵液中产中性蛋白酶凝结芽孢杆菌Liu-g1 的活菌数量,采用单因素和正交实验研究不同培养基配方和不同发酵条件对凝结芽孢杆菌Liu-g1 活菌数量的影响。结果表明：优化培养基配方为大豆粕1%、玉米淀粉1%、碳酸钙0.2%。选用最优培养基配方,在发酵温度为45℃、接种量2%、装液量50 mL、发酵液pH 7.5、发酵时间为48 h、发酵转速为180 r/min时,发酵剂活菌数量最高,为9.53×109 CFU/mL。在此优化条件下,发酵剂的活菌数量是优化前的28.88倍。,发酵剂的活菌数量是优化前的28.88倍。     

Tolerance to low temperatures and tuber soft rot in hybrids between Solanum commersonii and Solanum tuberosum obtained through manipulation of ploidy and endosperm balance number (EBN)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the tolerance to low temperatures and tuber soft rot in hybrids between Solanum commersonii and Solanum tuberosum. The experimental materials consisted of F₁ triploid, BC₁ pentaploid‐near pentaploid and BC₂ tetraploid–near tetraploid hybrids. The F₁ triploids had a freezing tolerance and acclimatization capacity closest to S. commersonii. This indicated that the endosperm barriers which prevent the introgression of 1EBN S. commersonii into 4EBN S. tuberosum had been overcome. Indeed, the triploids produced 2n eggs, thus giving a compatible maternal to paternal EBN ratio in the hybrid endosperm generated by the 3x(2EBN) × 4x(3EBN) crosses. The tolerance to low temperatures of BC₁ and BC₂ hybrids was lower than that of the F₁. However, a number of genotypes were identified which were able to withstand temperatures down to ‐5°C. Some BC₂ hybrids were also tested for their tolerance to tuber soft rot, and some resistant hybrids were detected. A number of them combined the capacity for cold acclimatization with tolerance to tuber soft rot. These hybrids have an EBN of 4; they are fertile and have been used in backcrosses with 4EBN S. tuberosum.     

Chromosome number in germplasm accessions of Paspalum (Plicatula group) from different regions in Brazil

We determined the chromosome number of 52 accessions of Paspalum from the germplasm collection of the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuária do Sudeste (CPPSE/EMBRAPA) originating from different regions in Brazil. All accessions belonged to the Plicatula group, 13 of them being P. plicatulum, three P. guenoarum, two P. yaguaronense, two P. compressifolium, one P. atratum, and 31 still unidentified Paspalum sp. Except for a P. yaguaronense accession that presented 2n=60, all the remaining ones presented 2n=40 chromosomes. This is the first report of the chromosome number of P. atratum. Considering that the basic number for most species in the genus Paspalum is ×=10, the accessions analyzed are tetraploids (2n=4×=40) and hexaploids (2n=6×=60). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of two wheat genotypes and Swedish environment on falling number, amylase activities, and protein concentration and composition

Variation in falling number, amylase activities, protein concentration and composition were investigated in two wheat cultivars grown in Sweden over two seasons, in four locations, with four N fertilizer rates, with and without fungicide treatment. The results showed that;

水稻抽穗期高温胁迫对不同品种受粉和受精作用的影响

水稻抽穗期高温障碍导致结实性降低已经成为长江中下游水稻的重要自然灾害之一。以现代常规粳稻、三系杂交籼稻和两系法杂交籼稻为试料,研究了抽穗期高温处理对现代水稻品种和组合受精率的影响。现代粳型品种表现出较好的抽穗期高温耐性;杂交稻特别是两系杂交稻抽穗期高温耐性相对较弱,抽穗期39℃的高温胁迫下,受精率几乎接近于零;在杂交稻中,汕优63在较轻高温胁迫下表现较好耐性,但在较强的高温胁迫下高温耐性迅速下降。相同处理下抽穗期高温耐性在品种间有较大差异。2个两系超级杂交稻的单药花粉数均在1750粒以上,数量最多,宁粳1号数量最少,为979.8粒药^-1。总体趋势为杂交稻多于常规稻,籼型品种多于粳型品种,分析表明单药花粉数与高温耐性不相关。高温胁迫导致花药开裂系数显著下降,宁粳1号在较强的高温胁迫条件下还能维持一定程度的纵裂率,开花后柱头上花粉数量相对较多。可见水稻抽穗期高温耐性与花粉生产能力无关,与花药开裂和柱头捕获的花粉量关系较大。     

A xenia effect on number and volume of cotyledon cells and on seed weight in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

The female line 1709, carrying the recessivecharacter green cotyledon, marker of the embryogenotype, was cross-pollinated by bees in the presenceof either male line HG115 or male line Dial63. In thecomparison of seeds which resulted either fromintercrossing or from selfing, a xenia effect wasobserved on volume and number of cotyledon cells andon individual seed weight which was dependent on themale line. The increase of hybrid seed weight inducedby the small-seeded male line Dial63 was larger thanthe one induced by the large-seeded male line HG115.The xenia effect on seed weight was correlated withthe level of heterosis in the F1 plant's growth.