河北省沙河市可持续发展的环境制约因素及对策

在介绍沙河市自然和经济概况的基础上,分析了沙河市可持续发展的环境制约因素,即生态环境背景脆弱,水环境问题突出,大气污染和交通噪声污染严重,生活垃圾收集、清运、填埋方式落后等,针对上述因素提出了沙河市可持续发展的对策。     

龙眼果肉黄酮乙醇法提取优化工艺研究

采用乙醇法通过单因素渐进试验,即不同的乙醇浓度梯度、不同的水浴温度梯度、不同的水浴时间梯度、不同的料液比梯度、不同的提取次数提取龙眼果肉黄酮,探明各因素范围,之后采用4因素4水平L16(45)正交试验设计,确立龙眼果肉黄酮提取的优化工艺:乙醇浓度85%、温度70℃、水浴时间2.5 h、料液比1∶3.     

喀斯特小流域土壤饱和导水率垂直分布特征

土壤剖面饱和导水率(Saturated hydraulic conductivity,Ks)的垂直分布对土壤水文过程有极其重要的影响,但在地质背景特殊的喀斯特地区其研究还相对匮乏。通过测定典型喀斯特小流域内23个土壤剖面(0~10、10~20、20~30、30~50、50~70、70~100 cm)土壤Ks及土壤碎石含量(Rock fragment content,RC)、容重(Bulk density,BD)、毛管孔隙度(Capillary porosity,CP)、非毛管孔隙度(Non-capillary porosity,NCP)、土壤有机碳(Soil organic carbon,SOC)等土壤性质,并结合各样点的坡位(Slope position,SP)、坡度(Slope gradient,SG)、坡向(Slope aspect,SA)、裸岩率(Bare rock,BR)、土地利用类型(Land-use type,LU)等环境因素,应用偏相关分析和典范对应分析(CCA)的方法,研究了喀斯特小流域Ks的垂直分布特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明,Ks随土壤深度的增加而减小并可用对数函数模拟(R2=0.848)。20~100 cm各层Ks变幅较小且变异接近,因此在水文模型中可用20~30 cm土壤Ks代替深层。土壤性质中,RC与Ks的相关系数(0.484)最大。环境因素对Ks垂直分布的影响依次为SPSGSALUBR。由此可知,RC是影响Ks最重要的土壤性质,而SP则是影响Ks垂直分布最重要的环境因素。该结果有利于弄清喀斯特地区降雨入渗规律及其主要影响因素,为小流域植被恢复及水文模型的构建提供科学依据。     

Effect of propolis water extract on apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro

AIM: To explore the effect of water extract propolis (WEP) from Taishan on apoptosis of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced in vitro by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). METHODS: HUVECs were collect by digestion-perfusion and cultivated. TNF-α at concentration of 50 μg/L was administrated to induce the apoptosis of HUVECs. After injury, HUVECs were treated with WEP at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, respectively, for 24 h. Apoptosis was evaluated by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS: Apoptosis index in injured group was significantly higher than that in control group, and decreased significantly after treating with WEP at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, respectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: WEP may be useful for protection of vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting apoptosis.     

南美叶疫病菌适生因子及地理分布

南美叶疫病是橡胶树的一种毁灭性病害。依据已有的研究,本文综述了南美叶疫病菌的适生因子、地理起源、传播历史、地理分布以及适生因子与该菌地理分布的关系,旨在为该菌的风险分析提供依据。     

新疆森工技术进步贡献份额的测算

新疆森工企业是新疆林业的重要组成部分。森工技术进步率是全面考核林业综合水平的重要指标之一。本文根据新疆森工统计资料，首次采用增长速度方程、综合要素生产率指数、总因子生产率指数三种模型测算了新疆森工技术进步贡献份额（１９８１年到１９８６年）。结果表明，新疆森工年均技术进步率在０．５％～０．５２２％之间，技术进步对森工总产值增长的贡献份额在３４％～３６％之间。     

芍药苷对UVB诱导的小鼠色素沉着的改善与调控机制研究

为探讨芍药苷对皮肤色素沉着的改善作用及调控机制,采用UVB反复诱导方法建立C57小鼠皮肤色素沉着模型,评价芍药苷抑制皮肤色素沉着的作用及对酪氨酸酶(TYR)、小眼畸形相关转录因子(MITF)、转运蛋白RAB27A (RAB27A)、前阿黑皮素(POMC)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF2)、干细胞因子(SCF)、白介素–1α(IL–1α)的表达水平的调控作用,同时利用分子对接法分析芍药苷与靶点之间的结合活性。结果表明：外用芍药苷降低了UVB诱导的C57小鼠的经皮失水率,皮肤组织切片中的表皮厚度和黑色素含量显著降低,皮肤组织中色素沉着相关的TYR、MITF、RAB27A蛋白的表达均极显著降低(P<0.01),黑色素细胞受体结合的旁分泌因子POMC、SCF、FGF2和炎症因子IL–1α的蛋白表达均极显著降低(P<0.01);分子对接结果显示,芍药苷对角质细胞分泌的POMC和SCF有极高的结合活性(活性总分值>7)。表明芍药苷可通过抑制旁分泌因子来抑制黑色素合成,发挥抑制皮肤色素沉着的作用。     

2014年上半年禽蛋市场形势分析与展望

2014年上半年,由于受流感疫情、节日效应、市场供求关系以及季节消费等多方面因素影响,全国鸡蛋零售价格波动频繁,1—6月鸡蛋均价为9.86元/kg,与2013年同比持平;蛋鸡配合饲料价格企稳,蛋鸡养殖行业总体处于盈利状态。预计,蛋价短期将呈高位震荡走势,中秋前后有望迎来新一轮上涨行情。     

慢生根瘤菌及其与花生共生机制研究进展

氮是植物生长发育所必需的大量元素之一,豆科植物通过与根瘤菌的共生固氮获得氮素.这种共生关系的建立包括结瘤和固氮两个过程,涉及复杂的互作调控机理,并受环境因素的显著影响.花生与慢生根瘤菌的共生对花生生产尤为重要,具有较多特异和未知的共生机制.本文综述了慢生根瘤菌及其与花生共生的相关内容,具体包括:(1)花生的慢生根瘤菌多...     

Effects of water exchange protocols on water quality,sedimentation rate and production performance of Penaeus monodon in earthen ponds

This study was carried out in farmers' fields to quantify the total water and consumptive water use in grow‐out culture of Penaeus monodon under recommended package of practice with two different water management protocols: T₁, with no water exchange and T₂, with regulated water exchange. Treatment‐wise estimated total water use, was 2.09 and 2.43 ha‐m 122 day^?1, while the computed consumptive water use index (m³ kg^?1 biomass) was 5.35 and 6.02 in T₁ and T₂ respectively. Lower rates of water exchange (T₂) showed significantly improved (P < 0.05) crop performance in terms of performance index (19.75 ± 0.75), production‐size index (74.1 ± 3.4), survival rate (80.13 ± 1.7%) and productivity (2.44 ± 0.08 t) over the zero water exchange. The shrimp pond water quality suitability index (WQSI) infers that regulated water exchange (T₂) improved the overall suitability of water quality for shrimp culture. WQSI up to 90 days of culture ranged between 7.5–9.0 in T₂, needs little management while in the last month of rearing, it was good with moderate management requirements. Treatment‐wise sediment load ranged between 50.4–56.3 m³ t^?1 shrimp biomass. High intensity of water exchange and low apparent feed conversion ratio influenced in lowering the sedimentation rate. Regulated water exchange protocol (T₂) performed well (higher net total water productivity and net consumptive water productivity) against no water exchange (T₁). A higher OV:CC ratio (ratio of the output value to the cost of cultivation) indicated that T₂ had a distinct edge over the T₁ protocol.