Gossypol,a polyphenolic aldehyde from cotton plant,interferes with swine granulosa cell function

Gossypol is a polyphenol isolated from the seed, roots and stem of cotton plant (Gossypium sp.) It has been associated with adverse effects on female reproduction, but recently also shown having promising effects against several malignancies. Its mechanisms of action are however still not fully understood. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of 5 or 25 μg/mL gossypol on swine granulosa cell steroidogenic activity, redox status and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) production. Study demonstrated that gossypol significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited granulosa cell estradiol 17β and progesterone production, an effect that could be at least partially mediated by an increase (P < 0.05) of nitric oxide and superoxide anion production as a consequence of superoxide dismutase inhibition. Moreover, gossypol stimulates (P < 0.001) VEGF production. In conclusion, study has demonstrated effecs of gossypol on swine granulosa cell function in vitro. Effects on female swine fertility can not be excluded.     

鸡生殖器官的组织学特点

通过对５例健康成年罗曼鸡的生殖器官的组织学观察,结果表明：１）鸡睾丸曲细精管生精上皮形成多个细胞柱,各团细胞柱独立完成精子的发生;２）卵巢的的间质内可见到大量成堆分布的嗜酸性粒细胞,这种现象可能与机体的防御能力有关;３）在输卵管的子宫－阴道连接部的粘膜皱襞内存在有精子寄生腺,腺体内的分泌物可较长时间的保持精子的活力。     

Differences in ovary size among olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars are mainly related to cell number,not to cell size

Differences in mature fruit size among olive cultivars are related to differences in ovary size at bloom, but it is not known whether cell number or size determines the variation in ovary size. In this study we measured cell size and number in equatorial cross-sectional areas of the principal ovary tissues (mesocarp and endocarp) in eight cultivars with very different fruit and ovary size. The results showed that cell number explained most of the differences in ovary size, while cell size was not related to ovary size, except for a weak (R² = 0.33) correlation in the endocarp. Since sink strength is thought to be related to cell number, this finding supports the hypothesis that larger ovaries represent stronger sinks. The implications of greater sink strength with bigger ovaries are discussed. Within cultivars, while the cross-sectional areas of mesocarp and endocarp were similar, cell number was higher in the mesocarp but cell size was smaller compared to the endocarp.     

Methyl farnesoate inhibition of late stage ovarian development and fecundity reduction in the black tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon

There is mounting evidence that the terpenoid hormone methyl farnesoate (MF) plays important roles in regulating reproductive processes in crustaceans. To gain further information on its roles and possible modes of action, MF was orally administered to ablated Penaeus monodon at a concentration of 5.5 μg per gram of diet, and a range of reproductive performance criteria measured. Results confirmed that MF plays a role in the reproductive process of this species. Specifically, under the conditions of this study, MF inhibited late stage ovary development and reduced fecundity in ablated prawns. The impact of the artificial diet (without additional MF) relative to a squid–mussel diet, was also assessed in this study and although it increased the quality of larvae produced, it also increased inhibition of late stage ovary development. Thus while the current study has increased our knowledge of MF by isolating an ovary developmental stage at which MF regulates reproduction in P. monodon, factors that determine the extent of its effect and whether it has a stimulatory or inhibitory effect, remain unknown. Until these factors are identified, the application of MF as a means of predictably manipulating egg production in captive prawns remains problematic.     

不同授粉处理对砀山酥梨花柱和子房内源激素含量的影响

[目的]为探讨内源激素在砀山酥梨(Pyrus bretshneideri cv.Dangshansu pear)授粉、受精、子房、果实发育中的作用。[方法]以砀山酥梨为试材,研究了不同授粉处理对砀山酥梨花柱、子房内源激素含量的影响。[结果]异花授粉的砀山酥梨花柱内源激素IAA、ZR含量均上升,ABA、GA3含量均下降;自花授粉的砀山酥梨花柱内源激素IAA、ZR、GA3含量均下降,ABA含量上升。砀山酥梨异花授粉后,受精过程(24～48 h)中子房内源激素GA3、ZR含量均上升,ABA含量下降,而自花授粉则使ZR含量下降,ABA含量上升。不同授粉处理后48～72 h,砀山酥梨子房中IAA、GA3、ZR含量均高于自花授粉的砀山酥梨子房,而ABA含量则相反。[结论]该研究可为阐明内源激素在砀山酥梨授粉受精过程中的作用和对花粉直感现象的影响奠定基础。     

光照周期和饲喂水平对蛋鸡生殖器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究限饲和光照周期对蛋鸡卵巢和输卵管发育及形态学的影响。试验采用3×2双因子设计,即3个光照周期（8L：16D、12L：12D和16L：8D）和2个饲喂水平（自由采食和限饲鸡自由采食量的80%）。选用体质健康的10周龄海兰灰蛋鸡240只,分成6组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡。结果表明,光照周期显著影响20 w输卵管重（P〈0.05）,长光照周期（16L：8D）组和中长光照周期（12L：12D）组的20 w输卵管重显著高于短光照周期（8L：16D）组,对卵巢卵泡直径及单位面积内卵巢卵泡个数影响不显著（P〉0.05）;饲喂水平对20 w体重、卵巢重、输卵管重及卵巢卵泡直径和单位面积内卵巢卵泡个数影响均不显著（P〉0.05）;光照周期和饲喂水平互作对20 w卵巢卵泡直径影响显著（P〉0.05）,其中,β和VI组卵巢卵泡直径显著高于V组（P〈0.05）,其他各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。饲喂水平、光照周期影响输卵管发育,Ⅱ、Ⅳ、VI自由采食组发育程度优于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、V限饲组,并且16L：8D光照组输卵管的发育状况最好。     

Interspecific Hybridization of Brassica campestris x B.Oleracea Through Ovary Culture

Using three varieties of Brassica campestris, Hauarad (708), Maoshan-3 (714) and Youbai (715),as the maternal plants and one variety of Brassica oleracea Jingfeng-1 (6012) as paternal plants, crosses were made to produce interspecific hybrids through ovary culture techniques.The ovaries from the cross between B. campestris × B.oleracea (708 × 6012 and 714 × 6012) were cultured and ovary culture was more effective in terms of obtained seeds when ovaries were cultured in vitro at 9 d after pollination (DAP). While for the cross of 715 × 6012, it was better when ovaries in vitro cultured at 12 DAP. Among three cross combinations, the cross of 714 × 6012 showed the best response and 43 seeds per ovary were obtained. Among the media studied, the ovaries from the cross of 708 × 6012 cultured on MS media supplemented with 3.0 mg L-1 BA × 0.1 mg L-1 NAA showed better response, and its rate of seeds per ovary reached 44.0%.While the ovaries from the other two crosses (714 × 6012 and 715 × 6012) showed the best response when cultured on B5 media supplemented with 3.0 mg L-1 BA + 0.2 mg L-1 NAA, and the rates of seeds per ovary reached 72.0 and 60.0%, respectively. All seeds obtained from the three cross combinations were cultured on the MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BA + 0.05 mg L-1 NAA,and the seeds from the cross of 715 × 6012 showed the best germination response and the percentage of germinations reached 66.7%. The regenerated plantlets were obtained from these seedlings after cultured on the MS media supplemented with 0.05 mg L-1 NAA. Cytological study showed that these regenerated plants were all true hybrids of B.campestris × B.oleracea.     

Effects of luteinizing hormone treatment on oogenesis in ovarian germ cells of the chick (Gallus domesticus)

The effect of the luteinizing hormone (LH) on the oogenesis of ovaries from newly-hatched chicks treated in vivo on days 13, 15, and 17 of embryonic development was analyzed. Changes in oogonial proliferation, meiotic prophase, degeneration of germ cells, and primordial follicular organization were determined. Results indicate that the total number of germ cells was not affected by the LH treatment, but significant differences existed in the number of oogonia and oocytes between the ovaries of control and LH-treated chicks. LH treatment increased the percentage of oocytes and diminished the percentage of oogonia. The mitotic activity of oogonia and degeneration of germ cells decreased, but the number of follicles during development increased in LH-treated ovaries. These findings suggest that LH treatment might trigger a cascade of endocrine events, resulting in inhibition of oogonial proliferation and induction of the meiotic prophase and follicle formation.     

不同繁殖类型牦牛卵巢原始卵泡的观测

本文对不同繁殖类型牦牛卵巢原始卵泡进行了观测 ,结果发现 :原始卵泡数为青麻 (一年一胎者 ) >牙日玛 (两年一胎者 ) >干巴 (三年一胎者 ) (P <0 0 5 )     

国产LRH-A穴位注射治疗奶牛不孕症的研究

本研究系采用中西兽医结合的方法,首次应用国产LRH-A穴位注射后海穴、百会穴和催情穴(任选一穴)治疗因卵巢机能失调所造成的不孕症奶牛共177例,总有效率达73.6～100％,与肌肉注射疗法比较,提高疗效10.7％左右,用药量比肌肉注射节省2/3～4/5,取得了满意效果。在探索其治疗机理方面,测定了血浆中孕酮(P)和17β一雌二醇(E_2)的含量变化,提供了一定依据。