水稻含eui基因的半矮秆突变体02428ha 株高遗传分析

02428ha系从隐性高秆水稻02428h中发现的半矮秆迟熟突变体。用02428ha分别与隐性高秆材料02428h和半矮秆材料02428杂交,对其F1和F2世代株高进行遗传分析,结果表明,02428ha的株高是由3对基因控制,除eui基因和sd1-基因外,还含有另外1对半矮秆基因,暂命名为sd-h(t)。该文还讨论了02428ha潜在的育种价值。     

水稻NBS-LRR类抗稻瘟病蛋白Pik-h的互作蛋白筛选

【目的】利用酵母双杂交系统,以组成抗稻瘟病基因Pik-h介导的抗病反应途径。【方法】以含抗稻瘟病基因Pik-h的近等基因系IRBL8为材料,取稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)GD0193接种12和24 h后的水稻叶片,等量混合后提取总RNA,按照2个紧密连锁且功能独立的Pikh-1和Pikh-2蛋白为诱饵,在水稻叶片中筛选与之互作的蛋白,以便深入研究抗病基因Pik-h的酵母双杂交试剂盒（Make Your Own “Mate&Plate” Library System）的要求构建水稻叶片靶标cDNA文库。利用快速重组克隆的方法构建pGBKT7-Pikh1和pGBKT7-Pikh2诱饵载体,并分别将它们转化至酵母菌株Y2H Gold,提取细胞总蛋白后利用Western blot检测Pikh1和Pikh2的表达情况,并对这2个诱饵载体自激活和毒性分析后进行酵母双杂交筛选。提取SD/-Ade/-Leu/-Trp/ -His/X-α-Gal筛选平板培养基上呈蓝色的酵母单克隆的质粒,将其分别与对应的诱饵载体共转化酵母菌株Y2H Gold,涂布于筛选平板培养基上进行互作的重复验证,将通过重复验证的质粒测序分析所得的序列比对水稻基因组数据库以确定目的基因,并对这些基因进行gene ontology（GO）注释分析以确定其分子功能、生物过程及细胞组成。【结果】靶标cDNA文库的库容量约为2.2×10⁶,插入片段长度均大于400 bp,表明水稻cDNA文库质量高。诱饵载体pGBKT7-Pikh1和pGBKT7-Pikh2均能在酵母细胞中正确表达出对应的Pikh1及Pikh2蛋白,无自激活活性而且对酵母无毒性作用,符合文库筛选的要求。利用含有诱饵载体的酵母菌株Y2H Gold与靶标文库菌株Y187结合（Mating）的方式筛选,获得13个与Pikh-1相互作用的蛋白、5个与Pikh-2相互作用的蛋白,其中有2个与Pikh-1及Pikh-2同时存在相互作用。这些蛋白包括4个在逆境响应或激素信号转导过程中起到重要作用的（辅）转录因子、3个信号蛋白、4个参与光合作用的叶绿体蛋白、1个含有U-BOX结构域的蛋白及4个未知功能蛋白。【结论】成功构建了适宜于研究抗病基因（R基因）介导反应途径的酵母双杂交cDNA文库,筛选出Pik-h的互作蛋白,为进一步研究Pik-h或其他抗稻瘟病基因介导的抗病机制打下了基础。     

重金属铊胁迫下水稻(Oryza sativa L.)根系草酸含量与铊吸收的关系

铊(Tl)作为一种非必需、高毒性重金属元素,会干扰植物的正常发育,并在食物链中引起严重的毒性积累.根系分泌有机酸在抗重金属污染中起着重要作用.为研究铊胁迫下的植物根系有机酸分泌特征与重金属吸收的关系,利用水培法对T胁迫下水稻(Oryza sativa L.)植株草酸分泌和Tl分布特征进行检测和分析,研究不同抑制剂对水稻...     

Improvement of Appearance Traits of elite Rice Zhenshan 97B by Molecular Introgression of Targeted about 800 kb Interval from Indica Rice Jiafuzhan Genome

Rice appearance trait is mainly mean grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of length and width (L/W), chalkiness (CH) and transparence (TR). Appearance is the first impression, and rice appearance traits effect significantly the value of commodity. Hybrid rice is relatively low quality, especially on rice appearance quality,which restricts partially its extend and badly export of hybrid seed and rice in China.Shanyou 63, the most famous hybrid rice combination of China, could not be also sustainable application because of its poor qualities. In this studies, We attempt to improve appearance quality of the elite rice maintainer of Zhenshan 97B by using molecular approach of genomic interval targeted introgression. Three F2 populations were constructed to study the classical and molecular genetic of rice appearance traits, at the same time, molecular marker-asisted toimprove the main maintainer line, Zhenshan 97B were performed. There some following results:Three F2 populations were constructed based on crosses of Guangluai 4×Jiafuzhan (GJ popu.), Minghui 86×Jiafuzhan (MJ popu.) and Zhenshan 97B×Jiafuzhan (ZJ popu.). ZJ popu and GJ popu were produced to reconstruct the linkage maps related with rice appearance traits based on BSA, and detect QTL of target traits based on IM.In ZJ popu, 9 QTLs of target traits were detected. The interval, RM169～RM516 on Chromosome 5, was genetic locus of GW, L/W, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 10.9%, 14.9%, 12.0% and 14.2%, respectively.RM214 on chromosome 7, RM339 on chromosome 8 were genetic loci if CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.4%, 10.0%, 11.0% and 12.1%. besides there is a genetic locus, RM347, of G/W on chromosome 3, and the explained varance was 10.3%. In GJ popu, 5 QTLs of rice appearance traits were detected. The interval, RM169-RM516 on Chromosome 5, were also the genetic loci of GW, CH and BW, and the explained variances were 9.0%, 12.5%, and 13.6%, respectively. RM264～RM80 on chromosome 8 was the genetic loci of GW amd L/W,and the explained variances were 14.7% and 13.4%. The genotypes of all QTLs, except RM214, from Jiafuzhan contributed to improving riee appearance traits.The research was to improve the rice appearance quality of Zhenshan 97B by introgressing QTLs of rice appearance traits from Jiafuzhan, a donor parent, by means of MAS in the process of recurrent backcrossing, 4 SSR markers were used to detect the target genotypes from donor parent, and 70 SSR primers to identify the genetic background of recurrent parent. Consequently, there were 19 target individuals in BC3, in which the mean value of GL, GW, L/W, CH and BW were 6.06±0.04mm, 2.50±0.02mm, 2.43±0.02, 29.5±2.7 and 29.4±2.7%, respectively,and the mean homologous degree (HD) to recurrent parent is up to 98.22%. Compared to Zhenshan 97B, GL, CH and BW decreased 0.17 mm, 34.9% and 34.5% respectively and however L/W increased 0.19. which accounted separately for 25.37%, 54.79%, 54.57% and 10.50% of thedifference of every trait between two parents. It is very luckly to find a individual, 13BC2-3BC3 line, whose GL, GW, G/W, CH and BW were 6.04 mm, 2.43 mm, 2.49,2.5% and 2.5% separately, There is very important signification for it to be used in hybrid rice breeding improving appearance traits. In the research, MAS efficiency of 3 loci (with 4 markers ) was 5.68% and coincident degree was 73.08%.     

甘肃天祝高寒地区燕麦品种生产性能评价

供试的17个燕麦品种在高寒牧区生长期约100d,但种子不能成熟,均属中、晚熟型;其中永久444、P67、加拿大和永久404燕麦的生长速度较快,分别为2.70、2.36、2.22和2.02cm/d。加拿大燕麦的绝对生长率最高,达29.59g/m²·d,永久1号的相对生长率最高,为0.072g/g·d。P20的鲜、干草产量明显高于其他品种,分别达到50.55和16.18t/hm²,永久440的鲜、干草产量极低,仅为17.22t/hm²和5.51t/hm²。P67、永久444、066和罗马尼亚燕麦的茎叶比较小,叶量丰富、适口性好且营养成分含量高,品质较好。综合分析结果表明,P20、加拿大、P67和永久444燕麦是天祝金强河地区建设高产、优质燕麦人工草地的理想品种。     

影响中苜2号苜蓿愈伤组织诱导的主要因素分析

以MS为基本培养基,采用L16(45)正交试验设计,研究不同外植体类型及植物生长调节物质对中苜2号愈伤组织生长情况、诱导率的影响,筛选适合中苜2号愈伤组织诱导的最佳外植体类型和最优激素配比.结果表明.以下胚轴为外植体诱导的愈伤组织生长状况良好,诱导率高,为诱导愈伤组织的最佳外植体;2,4-D浓度是影响愈伤组织诱导率的最主要因素,其次是外植体类型;诱导中苜2号愈伤组织的最佳培养基为:MS+2,4-D 0.2mg/L+NAA 0.01mg/L+6-BA 1mg/L+KT 0.2mg/L.     

肇东苜蓿对高温的生理响应

高温对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)产生伤害,使其生长缓慢,易生病害,以肇东苜蓿(Medicago sativa L. cv. zhaodong)为材料,研究在0℃高温胁迫条件下叶片细胞膜相对透性、叶绿素含量、抗氧化系统和叶绿素荧光特性等生理指标的变化情况.结果表明:随高温时间的延长,肇东苜蓿叶片的细胞膜相对透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量增高,叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化系统以及叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo呈降低的变化趋势.高温下生理指标的改变,可为高温地区肇东苜蓿栽培管理和抗热苜蓿品种选育提供理论依据.     

紫花苜蓿PGIP同源基因克隆与序列核苷酸多态性分析

多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白(PGIP)是植物重要的防卫蛋白之一,了解PGIP基因的核苷酸序列是对其进行分子遗传学与分子生物学研究的前提与基础。本研究采用同源克隆法,从16个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种的集群DNA中克隆了7个苜蓿PGIP基因的部分基因组编码序列,分别对应于蒺藜苜蓿(M. truncatula)7个不同的PGIP基因,并命名为MsPGIP5、MsPGIP6、MsPGIP7、MsPGIP8、MsPGIP9、MsPGIP10和MsPGIP11。其中,MsPGIP5、MsPGIP6、MsPGIP8、MsPGIP9和MsPGIP11的单核苷酸多态性(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism,SNP)位点间的平均距离分别为20、74、34、423和21 bp,差异较大。对MsPGIP5、MsPGIP6、MsPGIP8和MsPGIP11进行荧光标记PCR单链构象多态性(FPCR-SSCP)分析,结果表明,其等位基因数目与PCR片段长度的比值分别为20、56、22和19 bp,变化趋势与这4个基因SNP位点间的平均距离基本一致。比较而言,在发现的7个苜蓿PGIP基因中,MsPGIP9序列高度保守,MsPGIP5和MsPGIP11的变异较大,而MsPGIP6与MsPGIP8的变异中等。     

施磷对苜蓿抗蓟马的影响

为了明确施磷是否能有效提高苜蓿对蓟马的耐害性,以感蓟马苜蓿品种甘农3号和抗蓟马苜蓿品种甘农9号为材料,设0,6,12,18(P₂O₅) g/m²等4个磷水平,在大田蓟马为害高峰期,评价和测定了不同磷水平处理下苜蓿的受害指数、植株磷含量和农艺性状。结果表明,随着磷水平的升高,甘农3号和甘农9号植株的磷含量增加,受害指数均明显降低,株高、产量及叶片含水量增加,茎叶比下降;植株磷含量、叶片的含水量均与苜蓿的受害指数呈负相关关系,但第2茬植株磷含量与苜蓿的受害指数相关性不显著(P>0.05),茎叶比与苜蓿的受害指数呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。相同磷水平处理下,第1茬甘农9号的受害指数均显著低于甘农3号(P<0.05);第2茬在12(P₂O₅) g/m²和18(P₂O₅) g/m²处理下,甘农9号的受害指数与甘农3号差异不显著(P>0.05);施磷后甘农3号的受害指数均低于未施磷甘农9号的受害指数。磷元素可通过提高苜蓿生长性能来提高苜蓿对蓟马的耐害性;在大田条件下,通过施磷管理来提高感虫苜蓿品种对蓟马的耐害性是一种有效的措施;12(P₂O₅) g/m²是本试验中最经济有效的施肥量。     

张掖黑河灌区苜蓿高效灌溉模式研究

通过对黑河流域大满灌区灌溉试验,测定了不同生育年龄甘农3号苜蓿Medecago sativacv.GannongNo.3地上生物量,经统计分析建立了苜蓿地上生物量年际动态和不同生育年内各茬间动态变化规律,结果表明,不同年际间各茬产量在不同水分处理下水分利用效率存在明显差异。不同水分处理下产量的变化呈高-低-高的“S”型变化,确定了苜蓿地的高效灌溉时期为现蕾-开花期,优化灌溉定额为520 mm,为苜蓿高产节水灌溉模式提供了理论依据。