高产高油抗病油葵杂交种晋葵5号的选育

晋葵5号是以雄性不育系76202－3A为母本，恢复系902－11R为父本组配选育而成，该杂交种抗旱、耐盐碱、耐瘠薄、耐菌核病能力强，含油率达51．44％，品种鉴定平均产量3823．5kg/hm^2，比对照品种汾葵杂3号增产13．9％，生产示范平均产量2056．5kg/hm^2，比对照品种晋葵2号增产17．0％，适宜高寒山区春播及麦茬复播。     

禽霍乱油乳剂灭活苗（TJ株）的研制与应用

从天津地区某些发病鸡场分离的２０余株禽多杀性巴氏杆菌中筛选４株（ＴＪ株）作为制苗用菌种,制成油乳剂灭活苗,进行物理性状检验与安全性,免疫性试验,用实验室制备的禽霍乱油乳剂灭活苗（ＴＪ株）对大港,静海等发病鸡场进行免疫接种,完全控制了禽霍乱的流行。     

冀豆12遗传背景导入系蛋白、脂肪含量分布特征

以高蛋白品种冀豆12为受体亲本,不同来源、不同蛋白脂肪含量的大豆种质资源为供体亲本,构建了28个组合BC2F1后代群体,分析冀豆12遗传背景导入系后代蛋白、脂肪含量分布特征。结果表明,28个后代群体均有蛋白含量超高亲个体,超高亲个体比例介于4.0%～68.2%之间,超高亲比例≥40%的组合有18个,占64.3%,BC2F1后代群体蛋白含量以超高亲和偏高亲类型组合为主。而脂肪含量分布特征恰相反,BC2F1后代群体脂肪含量以超低亲和偏低亲类型组合为主,超高亲个体比例介于0～67.4%,超高亲个体比例≥40%的组合有7个,占25.0%,9个组合无超高亲后代。表明以冀豆12为遗传背景通过有限回交易选育高蛋白含量品种,而不易选育高脂肪含量品种。本研究结果为利用冀豆12培育高蛋白品种提供了依据。     

萝卜气吸式精量播种机的研制

对于目前国内还没有适用于萝卜种子大小的精量播种机现状,为了实现大面积种植萝卜作物的精量播种以及降低大面积播种的劳动力投入,减轻耕作的劳动量,提高劳动效率,研制了一种适用于大面积种植萝卜的精量播种机。该装置结构简单,使用时调整方便,具有起垄、开沟、播种、覆土和整形镇压等功能,可一次性完成播种作业,适用于大田作业。经田间试验证明:整机结构设计合理,单粒精播率高,镇压整形后的垄形符合农艺要求且外形美观。     

油葵杂交种春播产比试验及适宜播期的确定

通过油葵产比、播期试验结果分析，新葵6号256.67kg/667m^2，较对照种G101增产11.82%，居参试种首位，同时提出春播种植油葵应选择生育期较长的品种，播期以3月25日至4月5日为宜，适播人播种越早越好。     

Impacts of chronic marine oil pollution and the murre hunt in Newfoundland on thick-billed murre Uria lomvia populations in the eastern Canadian Arctic

We developed a deterministic and stochastic age-based matrix projection population model to assess and quantify the impact of mortality caused by chronic oil pollution and legal hunting on thick-billed murre Uria lomvia populations breeding and wintering in eastern Canada. We calculate the potential population growth rate in the absence of anthropogenic mortality sources using a modeling technique that translates absolute number of birds killed from anthropogenic mortality to potential survival rates in the absence of these anthropogenic impacts. The intrinsic growth rate of the deterministic matrix based on vital rates from Coats Island (λ_d=1.0102), as well as the stochastic growth rate (λ_s=1.0098, 95% C.I. 0.9969-1.0226), matched observed population trends. Hunting mortality reduced population growth rate by 0.020 (0.012-0.039), oiling mortality reduced population growth rate by 0.025 (0.012-0.039). Combined these sources reduced the population growth rate by 0.047 (0.033-0.610). Although thick-billed murre populations are stable or slowly growing in eastern Canada, anthropogenic sources of mortality are reducing the ability of the population to grow, and increase vulnerability in these populations to changes in their environment and other pulse perturbations. Our modeling technique could be used to assess specific anthropogenic impacts on populations where a vital rates and numbers killed are known, but no long-term trend information is available.     

两种春化方式对不同萝卜品种抽薹开花的影响

以4种不同生态类型的萝卜品种为试材,研究了种子春化及种子春化结合幼苗春化两种处理方式对萝卜抽墓开花的影响,以探讨在北京地区如何实现不同萝卜品种冬季温室加代繁殖的目的.实验结果表明:对于不耐抽薹即春性强的的萝卜品种,单一的种子春化处理即可实现加代目的;但对于耐抽薹即春性弱的萝卜品种,必须将种子春化与幼苗春化结合起来,才能实现加代目的.     

低温春化过程中萝卜幼苗生长点的生理生化变化

采用常规方法和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别测定了耐抽薹和不耐抽薹两个萝卜品种低温处理(春化)过程中顶端生长点的可溶性蛋白等生化指标和赤霉素(GAs)等激素含量的变化。结果表明,低温处理过程中,抽薹性差异较大的两个品种可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖含量变化趋势基本一致。可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量总体表现为逐渐升高的趋势,而可溶性糖含量则呈下降趋势。耐抽薹的萝卜品种长春大型,其可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量明显低于短叶十三,游离氨基酸含量则相反。两品种赤霉素(GAs)、生长素(IAA)的含量在花芽分化开始时均有较明显的峰值,在处理后期又出现另一明显峰值。     

融合及培养条件对甘蓝和萝卜原生质体融合及细胞分裂的影响

探讨了融合液、原生质体密度及不同品种对原生质体融合效果的影响。在融合液中加入0.5mol/L甘露醇和1mmol/LCaCl·22H2O可以有效提高融合率。1×105/mL的原生质体密度可以得到较高的二体融合率。不同品种对融合率影响不大,但对细胞分裂率有较大影响。     

Cold storage of oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) flowers

Oil rose flowers were stored at 0 °C in four different packaging materials [plastic box + stretch film (PB + SF), Xtend^®, Smartbag^® and polyethylene (PE)] for 60 days. During storage, weight loss, O₂ and CO₂ concentrations in the packages, petal color and sensorial attributes were investigated besides essential oil content and composition. Storage duration and packages had significant (p < 0.01) effects on weight loss. At the end of storage, the lowest weight loss was in PE package (1.696%) whereas the highest weight loss was in Xtend^® (10.081%). The essential oil content was significantly (p < 0.01) affected by storage duration and packages. In addition, the essential oil contents obtained from all packages for a storage period of 10 days and the essential oil contents obtained from unstored (control) petals were included in the same group. At the end of storage, the essential oil contents decreased by 91.3, 57.7, 80.0 and 64.3% in PB + SF, Xtend^®, Smartbag^® and PE packages, respectively as compared to control. In addition, storage duration and package types significantly (p < 0.01) affected petal color, O₂ and CO₂ concentrations in the packages and sensorial scores. The concentration of citronellol, a main component of rose oil, increased in all packages during storage of 10 days in comparison to the control group while it varied in other storage durations and package types. However, nerol and geraniol were lower than the control group during storage while concentrations of nonadecane, heneicosane and eicosane were higher. In conclusion, loss of oil yield and quality, due to various reasons and particularly due to fermentation in oil rose from the harvest of petals to their distillation, can be minimized with storage of petals in all package types for up to 10 days.