胡芦巴及其综合利用

胡芦巴作为传统中药,有温肾止痛等功效。民间把它作为香料使用。胡芦巴含有半乳甘露聚糖,是加工植物胶的原料。此外,还含有油脂、皂苷、生物碱、黄酮等多种成分,在石油开采、医药、食品、日用化工等行业有广泛用途。胡芦巴在我国各地均可栽培。提出了胡芦巴胶一油脂一薯蓣皂苷元的加工利用途径,并介绍了加工方法。     

油樟油细胞和粘液细胞发育的超微结构

利用超薄切片法和透射电镜研究油樟油细胞和粘液细胞发育过程。依据油细胞3层细胞壁的发育将其分为4个阶段。阶段1：仅有初生纤维素壁层，又可分为原始细胞和细胞液泡化二时期。质体内具白色小泡和黑色嗜饿滴，细胞质中有黑色或灰色的嗜饿物质，以及嗜饿物质与液泡的融合。阶段2：栓质化壁层的形成。片层状的栓质叠加在初生纤维素壁内侧。阶段3：内纤维素壁层的形成。较厚而结构松散的内纤维素壁层逐步形成，并叠加在栓质化壁层的内侧，大液泡成为充满嗜饿油脂的油囊。阶段4：油细胞成熟及细胞质解体。杯形构造由内纤维素壁层向细胞腔内突起形成，油囊由液泡包被连接到杯形构造中。解体的细胞质变得电子不透明或呈杂乱状态。粘液细胞发育方式有两种：一种是由内纤维素形成以后的油细胞发育而来，其细胞质中不断产生以同心圆或螺旋线方式排列的多膜结构，并充满整个细胞腔，最后多膜结构解体而成为丝状或颗粒状的粘液；另一种是由已完全成熟的油细胞发育而来，其油囊中的油呈不均匀的状态，并产生局部降解点，逐步扩大，最后油完全降解成颗粒成或丝状的粘液。     

不同灌溉量对油橄榄产量和果实品质的影响

采用盆栽称质量的方法,对盆栽油橄榄灌溉20%、40%、60%、80%、100%、120%、140%蒸腾蒸发量（ET0）,进行产量与果实品质研究。结果表明,灌溉量为100%～140%ET0时单果重、果肉率最高;100%ET0时产果量最高;40%ET0时含油率最高;80%ET0时产油量最高。对于果用油橄榄最佳灌溉量范围为100%～140%ET0,油用油橄榄最佳灌溉范围为60%～100%ET0。     

木材干燥窑的保温性与节能分析

常规砖砌壳体木材干燥窑热能消耗大，节能潜力很大，本文通过对窑体保温材料和大门密，保温性能改进措施的分析及应用，结果表明，壳体热损失减少６０％以上，总能源可减少１２％以上，节能效果显著，此外对用热油作为导热介质，也探讨了其节能的可行性。     

Influence of pre-treatment in citric acid solution on physical and mechanical properties of thermally compressed oil palm board

Oil palm trunk is an excellent raw material for thermally compressed wood board.However,improvements to dimensional stability during water absorption and reduced thickness swelling has been tied to losses in other mechanical properties,especially as the compression temperature is increased.Toward solving this trade-off,we analyzed the effects of a 48 h pre-soak in citric acid solutions(0,5,15,25,or 35%w/v in distilled water)on the physical and mechanical properties of oil palm board compressed at 140℃.The reference benchmark case was compressed at 200℃without pretreatment.The oil palm board raw materials were obtained from outer,middle and inner parts of trunk.The results showed that the oven-dry density of compressed oil palm board made from different parts of trunk increased with thermal compression(maximum pressure 12.26 MPa for 8 min).The citric acid pretreatment improved water absorption and thickness swelling properties of oil palm board thermally compressed at 140℃,consistent with the citric acid concentration.The carboxyl groups in citric acid cross-link with the hydroxyl groups in the wood.However,no significant difference was found between the benchmark(200℃)and pretreatments with 5 or 15%citric acid.The citric acid altered the wood chemistry during hot compressing at 140℃.Static bending strength,modulus of rupture(MOR),and modulus of elasticity(MOE)slightly decreased with the citric acid pretreatment,matching the effects of high temperature compression at 200℃.     

抑食肼油剂防治杨干象

杨干象是一种世界性的危险性杨树检症害虫，分布广泛．危害严重．是一种毁灭性的蛀干害虫．对杨树威胁极大。为了克服长期大量使用常规杀虫剂．造成对环境的污染．杀伤天敌、害虫产生抗药性的副作用。我们研制一种新型昆虫生长调节荆抑食肼油剂．防治杨干象幼虫使用1％油剂杀虫率达95％、抑食肼油剂对杨干象幼虫具有高效．内吸作用．既有速效性又有较好的持效性、抑食肼油剂的研制为杨干象等蛀干害虫提供一种安全、高效，经济的新型杀虫剂．具有显著的生态．社会和经济效益．可以在生产上推广应用。     

The use of vegetable phytometers in the evaluation of the potential response of understorey crops to the aerial environment in an interculture system

Carrots, onions, radishes and peas, growing in pots were placed at various locations in a pear orchard and used as phytometers to characterise the aerial environment. The growth of plants growing beneath the orchard canopy was not significantly less than that of phytometers grown in the open. However, the bulb diameter of radish and onion was significantly reduced when growing immediately beneath pear trees. Radish was selected as a suitable phytometer for further research.     

叶用萝卜育种现状及发展趋势

综述了叶用萝卜的特点、营养成分及育种现状,阐述了叶用萝卜的育种特点及育种技术,提出应在充分挖掘我国叶用萝卜种质资源基础上,大量引进日本和中国台湾培育的叶用萝卜品种,以速生、优质、丰产、特异抗逆性强为目标性状,加快我国叶用萝卜育种进程,并应配合研究相应的栽培技术。     

冀西北坝上地区萝卜地膜覆盖节水栽培技术研究

采用小区试验的方法研究地膜覆盖平作和高畦作方式下萝卜产量、水分利用效率、干物质、可溶性糖和蛋白质积累。结果表明,无论平作还是高畦作,地膜覆盖不浇水处理在各个指标方面都高于各自对照;同时,高畦作地膜覆盖不浇水处理达到了节水、高产且萝卜肉质根品质不下降的目的。     

Effectiveness of above-ground pipeline mitigation for moose (Alces alces) and other large mammals

Above-ground pipelines for in situ oil sands development are potentially significant vectors of habitat fragmentation for large mammals. We evaluated the use of elevated pipeline clearances (distance between the ground and the bottom of the pipeline) and pipeline crossing structures, the two primary methods of mitigating the barrier effect of above-ground pipelines on large mammals, with a particular emphasis on moose (Alces alces), in northern Alberta, Canada. Winter snow tracking and remote cameras were employed for one year to monitor large mammal interactions with a 5.5 km stretch of pipeline mitigated with five pipeline crossing structures and a 1.6 km control area of unmitigated pipeline. A minimum threshold pipeline clearance of 140 cm was critical in allowing adult moose to cross underneath the pipeline. Pipeline crossing structures facilitated movement across the pipeline and were used more than sections of elevated pipelines by all species.