Excellent oil absorbent kapok [Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.] fiber: fiber structure, chemical characteristics, and application

The study focused on kapok [Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.] fruit as a biomass for effective utilization. Kapok fruits were harvested just before full maturation at the campus of University of the Philippines Los Banos and in southern Vietnam. The kapok fibers are utilized locally as fiberfill in pillows, quilts, and some soft toys. Kapok fiber was isolated and analyzed microscopically, and the physicochemical properties were determined by spectroscopic methods. Some tests were done to determine the effective utilization of kapok fiber. Microscopic analysis of the higher structure of kapok fiber gave quite different results from cotton fiber, which has a significantly homogeneous hollow tube shape and is composed of cellulose (35 % dry fiber), xylan (22%), and lignin (21.5%). Kapok fiber is characterized by having a high level of acetyl groups (13.0%). Usually cell walls of plants contain about 1%–2% of acetyl groups attached to noncellulosic polysaccharides. Kapok fiber is significantly hydrophobic and does not get wet with water. Thus, the absorptivity of oil was tested. The fiber selectively absorbed significant amounts of oil (40 g/g of fiber) from an oil suspension in freshwater and seawater. It is suggested that this fiber could be used to recover oil spilled in seawater.     

不同基因型烤烟油分表征化学物质和常规化学成分含量差异比较

[目的]比较不同基因型特色烤烟品种的烟叶油分表征化学物质和常规化学成分含量的差异.[方法]基于对不同基因型烤烟烟叶油分表征化学物质和常规化学成分差异的探索,以毕纳1号、云烟87、K326和南江3号4个烤烟品种为研究对象,分析了不同基因型烤烟烟叶油分表征物质和常规化学成分含量的差异.[结果]试验表明,云烟87和南江3号的烟叶油分表征化学物质总体好于K326和毕纳1号,云烟87、毕纳1号、K326和南江3号烟叶含钾量均偏低,云烟87、毕纳1号和K326的上部叶烟碱含量高,南江3号和云烟87的中、上部叶还原糖和总糖含量相对较高.[结论]研究可为烟叶质量偏低、油分差的烟区选育和推广优良烤烟品种提供技术支撑.     

海洋石油污染物微生物降解的研究

[目的]探讨微生物降解海洋石油污染物的最佳条件。[方法]选择大庆原油为降解底物,以分离的优势石油降解菌为研究对象,首先通过单因素试验研究了初始盐度、pH和营养盐等因素对菌株SY1和SY2降解石油的影响,然后通过正交试验确定最佳降解条件。[结果]单因素试验表明,初始pH和氮源浓度对菌株降解石油的影响较显著,同时添加氮、磷营养盐能取得更好的降解效果。正交试验表明,菌株SY1在最优组合下石油降解率达59.0%,主要影响因素是磷浓度;菌株SY2在最优组合下石油降解率为57.4%,主要影响因素是盐度和pH。[结论]该研究为菌株对石油降解性能的研究提供了理论参考。     

萝卜根肿病抗感品种间侵染过程及生理生化差异分析

根肿病是十字花科作物的重要病害之一,严重影响十字花科作物（油菜、白菜和萝卜等）的产量和品质。为探究根肿病的抗病机理,为防治十字花科根肿病进行田间早期的诊断预报提供依据,以两个抗病性不同的萝卜品种为试验材料,观察了根肿菌侵染的差异,利用qPCR技术测定了不同时间点根内根肿菌含量,并采用紫外分光光度法测定了其接种根肿菌后根部防御酶活性和可溶性糖含量。结果表明：根肿菌在两个萝卜品种中均发生根毛（初级）侵染,但是仅能在感病萝卜根中完成侵染循环,抗病萝卜没有观察到皮层（次级）侵染。推测次级游动孢子不能分化成休眠孢子囊是抗病萝卜抗病的主要原因。在接种后第25~45 d,感病萝卜根内的菌含量显著增加,抗病萝卜则相反,提示此期间是根肿菌在感病萝卜体内快速繁殖的重要时期。同时,接菌后抗病萝卜根部SOD活性、POD活性和可溶性糖含量高于感病品种,而CAT活性低于感病萝卜,表明较高的SOD、POD活性和可溶性糖含量以及较低的CAT活性对于萝卜的根肿病抗性具有重要的作用。     

B型烟粉虱不同时期不同虫量对青萝卜危害的影响

B型烟粉虱危害青萝卜造成其叶脉、表皮及木质部变白(白心)。随着接虫密度的增大，青萝卜叶脉变白株率、外表皮退绿株率和白心率依次增加，单株有虫40头以下时，青萝卜白心率在10％以下；青萝卜定苗期和膨大期接虫，白心率分别是57．14％和75．00％，定苗期和膨大期是烟粉虱危害的敏感期。     

PPR‐B‐31: a new maintainer allele in the male‐fertility restorer gene of radish (Raphanus sativus) Ogura cytoplasm

The PPR‐B gene is responsible for male‐fertility restoration of the Ogura‐type male‐sterile radish plants, and it is located in the complex Rfo locus in the vicinity of similar PPR‐A gene and PPR‐C pseudogene. The aim of this study was to identify PPR‐B alleles and understand the structure of the Rfo locus in radish breeding lines. Five lines of radish with normal male‐fertile cytoplasm were tested. The entire PPR‐B gene was amplified, sequenced and allelic PPR‐B sequences were identified. The results indicated that the maintainer lines 7, 15 and 21 contained a non‐restoring form of PPR‐B protein. A unique PPR‐B was found in lines 24/15 and 31 that are restorer and maintainer lines, respectively. The substitutions might be responsible for the loss of a restoring function of the PPR‐B‐31 allele. Amplification of the PPR‐A/PPR‐B and PPR‐B/PPR‐C intergenic regions allowed to identify rearrangements within Rfo locus. Obtained results confirm the wide allelic variation within the Rfo locus, as well as high genetic complexity of the fertility restoration mechanism in radish.     

白玫瑰挥发油化学成分的研究

本研究采用GC/MS/DS联用技术,分析了白玫瑰花挥发油的化学成分。从分离的的44化合物中,鉴定了41个组分,占挥发油总含量的97.64%。白玫瑰挥发油的主要成分是β—笨乙醇,含量高达86.53%,其次是丁香酚(4.75%)和香叶醇(2.45%)。     

四季萝卜追肥数量研究

本研究运用三元二次旋转回归设计进行四季萝卜（ＲａｐｈａｎｕｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓＬ．ｖａｒ．ｒａｄｉｃｕｌｕｓ）的追肥研究。研究结果表明：在低肥力地块上种植四季萝卜，追肥对产量形成有重要作用．氮、磷、钾单独施用均有提高产量的作用，配合施用时，它们彼此间对产量形成有交互作用．氮肥施用过量，不利于磷、钾增产作用发挥，增施磷肥，对氮的增产作用有所促进。为获得较好的产量，追肥适宜的用量分别是Ｎ４９４．７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，Ｐ２Ｏ５３１１．８５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，Ｋ２Ｏ３１７．４０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。     

Na2CO3胁迫对萝卜种子萌发的影响

以萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)种子为材料,采用纸上萌发法研究了不同浓度的Na2CO3对萝卜种子萌发的影响。结果表明:2mmol·L-1的Na2CO3处理对萝卜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚芽长、胚根长和胚鲜重等均有一定的促进作用。显著抑制萝卜种子萌发的Na2CO3浓度为5mmol·L-1,显著抑制胚根生长的浓度为5mmol·L-1,显著抑制胚芽生长的浓度为10mmol·L-1。     

几种作物中脂肪酸含量的分析研究

[目的]为食用油品质的改良提供参考,同时也为作物资源的开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]采用索氏提取法对松籽、核桃仁、棉籽、葵花籽、花生、芝麻、黄豆和亚麻籽等8种市售作物进行粗脂肪含量测定,再将作物中脂肪酸进行甲酯化处理,利用气相色谱法对其脂肪酸组成及含量进行分析。[结果]葵花籽、芝麻、黄豆、花生、棉籽、核桃仁、松籽和亚麻籽中粗脂肪含量分别达到53.16%、56.10%、23.77%、49.81%、30.06%、72.88%、60.37%和42.15%;不饱和脂肪酸含量分别占其脂肪酸总量的87.29%、83.25%、84.35%、83.90%、72.71%、92.04%、71.17%、89.03%。[结论]各作物中不饱和脂肪酸的含量均较高,因而都有较高的营养价值和开发前景。