丹东市发展油用牡丹产业的可行性及对策分析

我国食用油市场需求巨大,油用牡丹具有高产出、高含油率、高品质、低投入的特点,为弥补食用油市场缺口,国家出台了相关政策大力支持油用牡丹产业的发展。该研究分析了丹东市发展油用牡丹产业的可行性及存在的问题,丹东市气候适宜,宜栽林地资源丰富,劳动力成本低,科研力量雄厚,发展油用牡丹产业符合当地当地特色农业发展趋势,具有良好的可行性;但相关技术及人才缺乏,农民对油用牡丹的认知度不高,资金投入和优质种苗短缺,缺乏相关产品深加工企业。对此,提出了因地制宜科学规划、积极宣传提高认知度、加大科技投入、培育种植及深加工龙头企业等促进丹东市油用牡丹产业发展的对策。     

植物生长调节剂25%调环酸钙油悬浮剂的研制

[目的]对25%调环酸钙油悬浮剂配方中的助剂进行筛选,优化配方。[方法]以调环酸钙为原药,按照油悬浮剂生产工艺流程,对配方中的润湿分散剂、增稠剂、防冻剂进行筛选,并且测定各项质量技术指标。[结果]优化配方为:调环酸钙原药25%,助剂EL-105.0%,NP-7 10.0%,尿素4.0%,有机膨润土1.2%,用油酸甲酯补至100%。[结论]该配方制剂外观无明显分层,水中分散性良好,颗粒细度达到要求。各项指标均符合油悬浮剂的相关标准。     

白萝卜振动远红外干燥工艺参数优化

为解决白萝卜干燥加工中存在营养成分损失大、设备能耗大和干制品品质差等问题,利用自行设计的往复振动式远红外干燥机,采用单因素和二次通用旋转组合的试验设计方法,探讨振动频率、加热温度、物料厚度对白萝卜脱水速率、复水率、VC含量和单位能耗的影响及因子间交互作用对指标的影响,建立了各指标与试验因素间的回归模型。采用加权综合评分法和线性功效系数法,将多目标综合优化,确定了干燥工艺的最优参数,即干燥温度68℃,振动频率0.7 Hz,物料厚度7 mm。该工艺条件下白萝卜脱水速率为63.26%/h,复水比为3.94,VC含量为1.98 mg/g,单位能耗为6.55 k J/kg。对在此工艺条件下干燥的白萝卜干制品进行环境扫描电镜(ESEM)分析,结果显示,细胞组织保存比较完整,能够较真实地反映样品的组织结构原貌。优化的工艺条件可有效提高干燥效率,同时降低白萝卜干制品中营养成分的损失,为白萝卜干振动远红外干燥技术在实际生产中的应用提供参考。     

Effectiveness of above-ground pipeline mitigation for moose (Alces alces) and other large mammals

Above-ground pipelines for in situ oil sands development are potentially significant vectors of habitat fragmentation for large mammals. We evaluated the use of elevated pipeline clearances (distance between the ground and the bottom of the pipeline) and pipeline crossing structures, the two primary methods of mitigating the barrier effect of above-ground pipelines on large mammals, with a particular emphasis on moose (Alces alces), in northern Alberta, Canada. Winter snow tracking and remote cameras were employed for one year to monitor large mammal interactions with a 5.5 km stretch of pipeline mitigated with five pipeline crossing structures and a 1.6 km control area of unmitigated pipeline. A minimum threshold pipeline clearance of 140 cm was critical in allowing adult moose to cross underneath the pipeline. Pipeline crossing structures facilitated movement across the pipeline and were used more than sections of elevated pipelines by all species.     

Inter- and intraspecific sequence variations of the chloroplast genome in wild and cultivated Raphanus

To assess the differentiation of the chloroplast genome in wild and cultivated species of Raphanus , nucleotide sequence polymorphisms were investigated for approximately 2 kbp ranging from trnL (UAA) to psbG in R. raphanistrum and R. sativus . Eighteen plants of wild species, 10 Japanese wild radish plants ( R. sativus ), and 31 cultivated plants were used for sequence analysis. Intraspecific variations of the chloroplast genome were present both in wild and cultivated Raphanus . All three genes investigated ( trnL , trnF and ndhJ ) contained nucleotide substitutions within the genus. Whereas, larger numbers of mutations were observed in the intergenic regions. Using the detected variations, the 59 radish plants were classified into 11 haplotypes, seven of which were unique to wild species. Among the haplotypes, one type corresponded completely with the Ogura male sterile cytoplasm. All the cultivated radishes belonged to one of four types, of which three were also observed in Japanese wild radish. The haplotypes were classified into four groups by cluster analysis, and the distribution in the dendrogram confirmed that cultivated radish has multiple origins. On the other hand, the seven haplotypes uniquely observed in R. raphanistrum were considered as useful materials to provide genetic diversity of cytoplasm for breeding of cultivated radishes.     

红豆蔻挥发油化学成分的比较研究

采用药典法提取4个药材市场红豆蔻中的挥发油,并用GC/MS法测定挥发油的成分和相对含量。结果表明,4个药材市场红豆蔻挥发油含量均符合药典标准,其化学成分基本相同;广西玉林红豆蔻所含挥发油总量最高,山东鄄城红豆蔻所含挥发油总量最低。     

6种芳香植物精油的提取及综合品质评价

[目的]为芳香精油的生产提供理论指导。[方法]分别从蓝桉、猴樟、香叶天竺葵、柠檬草、薄荷和柑橘中提取芳香精油,然后比较其出油率并采用灰色关联度法对6种精油的品质进行综合评价。[结果]蓝桉、猴樟、香叶天竺葵、柠檬草、薄荷和柑橘的平均出油率分别为0．86％、0．33％、0．24％、1．29％、1．27％和1．88％。精油颜色由亮到暗为：猴樟〉薄荷〉蓝按〉柠檬草〉香叶天竺葵〉柑橘;香味强弱为：柠檬草〉香叶天竺葵〉猴樟〉蓝桉〉薄荷〉柑橘;香味持久性为：蓝桉〉柑橘〉香叶天竺葵〉柠檬草〉猴樟〉薄荷;透明度为：猴樟〉薄荷〉柠檬草〉香叶天竺葵〉蓝桉〉柑橘;香味好感度为：柠檬草〉猴樟〉香叶天竺葵〉薄荷〉柑橘〉蓝桉。综合评价值最高的是柠檬草精油。[结论]该试验建立了精油品质的综合评价体系。     

红花籽油提取工艺的优化研究

采用索氏浸提法对红花籽油的提取优化工艺进行了研究。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交实验确定了红花籽油提取的最佳工艺,同时对红花籽油的脂肪酸成分进行分析,为红花籽油的工业化生产提供科学的理论依据。结果表明:70%的丙酮-水混合溶液以1∶6的料液比,在70℃的温度下浸提3 h,红花籽油的提取率达26.34%。气相色谱分析表明,红花籽油中饱和脂肪酸占19.67%、不饱和脂肪酸占80.33%。     

氯噻啉防治萝卜蚜虫药效试验

蚜虫是危害萝卜的主要害虫。经田间试验,10%氯噻啉WP防治萝卜蚜虫,14～20g/667m2防治效果达96.2%～98.2%,比25%乐.氰EC 27ml/667m2防治效果高。建议推广应用10%氯噻啉WP 14g/667m2防治萝卜蚜虫。     

不同栽培密度对大豆产量、脂肪和蛋白质含量的影响

通过以蒙豆12号、蒙豆14号为材料,进行不同密度栽培试验,调查分析不同栽培密度下大豆的产量性状、脂肪和蛋白质的含量。分析结果表明,蒙豆12号、蒙豆14号在37.5万株/hm2的栽培密度下,主要农艺和产量性状均明显优于其他两种栽培密度。不同栽培密度下,大豆脂肪和蛋白质的含量差异不显著。