Beneficial roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in citrus seedlings at temperature stress

Citrus, a cold-sensitive plant, often suffers from low temperature, which seriously affects citrus productivity. The objective of the study was to elevate the roles of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae, in growth, photosynthesis, root morphology and nutrient uptake of citrus (Citrus tangerine) seedlings under temperature stress conditions. Three-month-old seedlings with or without G. mosseae were grown for 55 days at moderate temperature (25 °C) and low temperature (15 °C). Low temperature severely restrained symbiotic development including mycorrhizal colonization, entry point, vesicle and arbuscule relative to moderate temperature. Mycorrhizal seedlings grown at 25 °C maintained better stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, root and total dry weights, higher photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, higher root volume, and more uptake of P, Ca and Mg relative to corresponding non-mycorrhizal control. However, mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased only the root length and the Ca content of the seedlings grown at 15 °C. The results indicated that mycorrhizal formation had the beneficial effects on growth, photosynthesis, root morphology and part nutrient uptake of citrus seedlings grown at moderate temperature, but the beneficial roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas were almost lost at low temperature.     

不同季节芦笋嫩茎品质的差异研究

研究了在季节性萌发的芦笋嫩茎中,其碳水化合物、蛋白质、矿物盐类含量的变化,结果表明:春季萌发的芦笋与秋季芦笋相比干物质增加10.3%、蔗糖增加59.2%、可溶性总糖增加20.2%,而纤维素下降14.3%;矿物质P、K、Mg、Zn、B、Cu含量春季芦笋明显高于秋季芦笋,Ca含量受季节的影响较小,Na和S含量春季芦笋明显低于秋季芦笋;总蛋白、总氨基酸、类胡萝卜素和黄酮春季芦笋比秋季芦笋分别提高3.64%、25.20%、43.60%和20.00%.在春季不同采收期中,芦笋品质指标差异较大,早春季产的芦笋综合品种为优,在秋季芦笋中差异较小.     

超甜玉米乳熟期营养成分及不同贮藏处理的含糖量与口感变化

以华甜玉一号超甜玉米为材料,对乳熟适期采收的新鲜果稳进行营养成分分析,并在室温（夏季２８℃,季秋２０℃）、４℃、－２１℃下带苞叶和不带苞叶贮藏研究不同贮藏期糖分和口感变化。     

榛果发育过程中主要营养成分的变化(英文)

以杂种榛优良品系82-11,84-237和84-402为试材,采用动态监测的方法,研究果仁发育过程中营养成分的变化,并分析了营养成分和矿质元素的相关性。结果表明,还原糖的含量前期呈下降趋势后期略有回升;蔗糖的含量呈上升趋势,在果仁成熟时成为主要的可溶性总糖;可溶性总糖在果仁发育期呈下降趋势,从果仁充实期到果仁充分成熟,含量逐渐升高;淀粉的含量呈上升—下降—平稳—上升趋势;粗脂肪和粗蛋白质的含量逐渐升高,呈明显累积趋势。果仁中蔗糖和可溶性总糖的积累主要在果仁发育的后期,粗脂肪和粗蛋白质的积累主要在果仁发育的前期和中期。果仁发育中,粗脂肪含量和氮素,磷素以及钾素呈极显著的正相关关系。     

Effects of root inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield,growth and nutrient element contents of leaves of apple

From 2002 to 2006, plant growth promoting effects of Bacillus M3, Bacillus OSU-142 and Microbacterium FS01 were tested alone or in combination on apple (Malus domestica L.) cv. Granny Smith in terms of yield, growth and nutrient composition of leaves in the province of Malatya, Turkey. The presence of M3 and/or OSU-142 and/or FS01 combinations stimulated plant growth and resulted in significant yield increases in Granny Smith. Root inoculation of PGPR strains significantly increased cumulative yield (26.0–88.0%), fruit weight (13.9–25.5%), shoot length (16.4–29.6%) and shoot diameter (15.9–18.4%) compared with the control. In addition, all nutrient element contents (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn) investigated in Granny Smith, except Mg was significantly affected by bacterial applications compared with the control. The highest N content (3.38%) was obtained from OSU-142 + FS01 application. Phosphorus contents of leaves of Granny Smith increased from 0.29% in the control to 0.42, 0.37, 0.36, 0.36 and 0.35% by M3, M3 + FS01, M3 + OSU-142, OSU-142 and M3 + OSU-142 + FS01 application, respectively. All bacterial applications significantly increased Ca content of leaves. The highest K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn content of leaves were obtained from OSU-142, M3, FS01, M3 and M3 + FS01 applications, respectively. The results of this study suggest that Bacillus M3 and/or OSU-142 and/or Microbacterium FS01 in combination have the potential to increase the yield, growth and nutrition of apple trees.     

虎皮兰营养成分的测定

采用火焰原子吸收法、凯氏定氮法、索氏提取法、容量分析法、比色法等对虎皮兰中营养成分进行了测定.结果表明:虎皮兰中含有丰富的营养成分,其中粗蛋白、粗纤维含量较高,虎皮兰中舍有多种营养元素,其中钙含量最高,锰含量次之,钾、铁、镁含量也较高.为进一步深入研究虎皮兰提供科学的理论依据.     

根带深度和养分供给对春小麦生育的影响

试验于１９８９－１９９０年在海道大学进行，结果表明，春小麦根系随根带深度加深而增加，浅根区无灌水根系发达是对土壤水分亏缺的适应性表现，深根区根系更发达，为春小麦丰产奠定了物质基础。灌水条件正气我在植株体内含量高，无灌水条件下钾在茎内含量高，春小麦的养分含量和全吸收量有随根带深度增加而增多的趋势，吸收氮钾多，磷次之，生育前期氮磷钾分配在茎叶多，生育后期氮磷在子实，钾在茎内分配比率大，春小麦的产量有随     

Simultaneous effects of nutritional and environmental factors on growth and flesh quality of Perca fluviatilis using a fractional factorial design study

Fractional factorial design is a practical approach for studying multiple factors, with a minimum of experimental units. The objective of this work was to study the simultaneous effects of nutritional and environmental factors on both growth and flesh quality of common perch (Perca fluviatilis), a new inland aquaculture species. This study sought answering the two following questions: (i) which combinations of factors allow improving growth, food efficiency, and technological, sensorial and nutritional qualities? (ii) is it possible to simultaneously improve growth performances and flesh quality? In a first experiment, twelve factors (7 nutritional and 5 environmental factors) were each tested at 2 levels in a fractional factorial design in 24 independent recirculating 500 L tanks. The best 4 combinations identified in this first experiment were then validated in a second experiment. The first phase of the multifactorial approach used here allowed revealing emergent information: i) there is a combination of factors that allows reducing both the heterogeneity of the production and the losses of nitrates and phosphates, while preserving good characteristics of growth and quality of fillets; ii) it is possible to improve the quality of the aquatic production system, without decreasing significantly growth efficiency; iii) the effect of a given factor, even such an important one like diet, temperature or target biomass, depends on the levels of the other rearing factor levels, thus the usual reference optimum used for a given factor has no meaning theoretically and can be questioned according to the levels of the other factors which act altogether on the functioning of the rearing system.The input factor combinations resulting in a significant enhancement of single output variables or several output variables were identified (e.g. improvement of feed efficiency, and/or fillet docosahexanoic acid content). Our results clearly demonstrate a strong interdependence of input factors into the animal rearing system, particularly between nutritional and environmental ones.     

几种野生芹菜营养成分分析

以东北地区常见野生芹菜为研究对象,对其水分、灰分、粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、糖(总糖、还原糖)、维生素(C、胡萝卜素)、氨基酸种类及含量(总氨基酸含量、8种必需氨基酸含量)、总黄酮含量(提取时间、乙醇浓度对其影响)、硝酸盐含量等营养成分进行分析的结果表明:①四种野生芹菜与家芹相比而言,灰分、粗纤维、粗蛋白、维生素C等含量均明显高于家芹;②四种野生芹菜矿质元素含量明显高于家芹中矿质元素含量;③拐芹、大叶芹、棱子芹中氨基酸含量和家芹中氨基酸含量无明显差异,碎叶山芹中各种氨基酸含量明显高于其他几种芹菜。     

家兔营养研究进展

从大量资料和生产实践中总结和归纳了家兔营养价值的评定方法，阐述了家兔对蛋白质、氨基酸、能量、脂肪、矿物质和维生素的需要及其用量。此外，对家兔对NPN的利用进行简单描述。