海南木本饲用植物资源考察及营养价值评价

根据海南及部分周边岛屿的考察,报道了海南木本饲用植物的种质资源及其分布和营养价值。讨论了海南木本饲用植物的开发利用前景。     

《植物营养学》研究性教学的探索与实践

采用研究性的教学模式开展了《植物营养学》课程的教学探索与实践,通过优化教学内容,改进教学手段,改革教学模式,加强实践环节等措施,增强了学生对植物营养学知识的认识与理解,提高了教学质量与教学效果,为培养具有创新能力和实践技能的专业人才奠定了基础.     

Enriching rotifers with “premium” microalgae. Isochrysis aff. galbana clone T-ISO

The effect of semi-continuous culture on the nutritional value of microalgae was tested in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in short-term enrichment experiments. Isochrysis aff. galbana clone T-ISO was cultured semi-continuously with renewal rates from 10 to 50% of the volume of the culture per day and used to feed the rotifers. After 24 h, dramatic differences in dry weight and protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents were observed in the rotifers depending on the renewal rate applied to the microalgal culture. Rotifers fed T-ISO cultured with low renewal rates showed low dry weight and organic content, whereas rotifers fed microalgae from nutrient-sufficient, high renewal rate cultures showed higher dry weight and increases up to 60% in protein, 35% in lipid and 100% in carbohydrate contents. Feed conversion rate (FCR) and organic FCR decreased with increasing renewal rates, indicating a more efficient assimilation of the microalgal biomass obtained at high growth rates. The fatty acid profile of rotifers reflected that of T-ISO, with maximum content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-3 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) being found in the rotifers fed microalgae from the renewal rate of 40%. Results demonstrate that the biochemical composition of B. plicatilis is strongly modified through the use of semi-continuous cultures of microalgae in short-term enrichment processes. This technique provides an excellent tool to improve the nutritional value of the live feed used in fish larvae cultures.     

黄土高原旱地春谷吸肥与土壤供肥规律研究

１９９０～１９９２年在山西榆次市对黄土高原旱地春谷吸肥与土壤耕层供肥规律进行了研究。结果表明，土壤耕层氮磷供给能力动态变化遵循倒Ｌｏｇｉｓｔ１０生长曲线方程变化，钾的供给能力动态变化遵循一次方程变化；谷子不同生育时期吸收氮磷钾动态变化遵循Ｌｏｇｉｓｔ１０生长曲线方程变化；谷子一生随着生育进程对氮磷钾的吸收量逐渐增加，土壤氮磷钾供给量则随着谷子吸收量的增加而减少，即供给能力趋于减弱，氮的吸收高峰与土壤供给高峰基本一致，磷的吸收高峰在土壤供给高峰之后，钾的吸收高峰在土壤第一供给高峰期，孕穗至抽穗阶段是谷子吸收氮磷钾的高峰期；从谷子一生来看，吸收氮磷量小于土壤供给量，钾的吸收量大于土壤供给量。通过分析并对榆次市黄土高原区旱地春谷施肥问题提出新见解，即亩产要达到２００ｋｇ以上应重视施用钾肥。     

营养转化肥对不同品种谷子产量的影响

营养转化肥是一种植物生长调节肥,其通过调控植物生育期各环节使生产潜力得以发挥,具有提质增产的作用。为评价营养转化肥在谷子上的应用效果,以目前我国夏谷区主推面积较大的3个谷子品种冀谷31、冀谷19和张杂谷11号为试材,采用对比试验设计,研究了施用营养转化肥对植株长势和谷子产量的影响。结果表明：营养转化肥对3个谷子品种苗高10 cm和40 cm左右时的植株长势均无显著影响,在抽穗期只对冀谷19和冀谷31表现出了矮化效果;对3个谷子品种均表现增产效应,增产率顺序为张杂谷11号（7.77%）〉冀谷19（7.24%）〉冀谷31（2.06%）,但方差分析结果显示差异并不显著。     

优质、抗热同源四倍体不结球白菜的创制及鉴定

以二倍体抗热不结球白菜品种‘依伶’为材料,用不同浓度秋水仙素溶液处理子叶期生长点,对变异株进行倍性鉴定,研究不同倍性水平的营养品质、农艺学性状以及抗热性。结果表明：（1）0.2％秋水仙素处理4次的效果最好,四倍体加倍率为7.64％。与二倍体相比,叶片长和宽、叶柄长和宽、花器官、气孔、花粉粒、叶重、柄重、开展度、单株重均增加或增大,但结实率明显降低,以上指标差异均达显著或极显著水平。流式细胞仪及染色体鉴定四倍体DNA含量、染色体数目均为二倍体的2倍。小区产量比二倍体高出12.62％;（2）四倍体叶片和叶柄中可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白、干物质分别增加了7.32％、74.85％,3.91％、17.22％,1.94％、4.89％,有机酸降低了22.56％、25.00％,差异显著;（3）热胁迫下,二、四倍体不结球白菜叶片的MDA、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量均增加,恢复期内含量都降低,但二倍体MDA、游离脯氨酸含量一直高于四倍体,可溶性蛋白低于四倍体。四倍体表现出优质、抗热的特点。     

木霉的营养生长及发酵条件

 木霉是一类分布广泛的土壤习居菌,而且对一些病原真菌有很大的生防潜力。大部分木霉对营养的需求并不十分严格,可以分解利用纤维素、半纤维素、几丁质等多种多聚物作为其生长的碳源物质,也可以利用多种简单的和复杂的氮源化合物生长。为了应用木霉防治真菌病害,研究者摸索了各种培养条件,以求在低成本的前提下获得高的培养产物。其中包括应用糖蜜、麦麸、植物秸杆、虫草头孢废液和玉米粉等进行的固体培养、液体培养和固液两相培养,为大规模工业化生产奠定了一定的基础。     

马铃薯干物质积累及氮、磷、钾营养特征研究

研究马铃薯会-2的干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分的吸收、积累和分配特征,结果表明,会-2叶片对氮、磷、钾的吸收速率与干物质积累速率的变化同步,呈双峰曲线变化,分别在现蕾期和终花期间出现峰值;块茎干物质积累及养分吸收速率呈单峰曲线,块茎干物质主要在盛花期至茎叶枯萎期形成,该期也是块茎养分积累的主要时期;终花期以前,干物质及养分主要分配在地上部分,终花期以后,主要分配在块茎中;会-2对氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)的吸收比例为1∶0.140∶1.919;生产500kg块茎,需吸收N2.756kg,P2O50.310kg,K2O4.256kg。     

粗腿羊肚菌菌丝栽培条件研究

对产自云南丽江的粗腿羊肚菌(Morchella crassipes)人工栽培时不同碳源、不同氮源、不同温度及不同酸碱度进行了初步研究。结果表明:粗腿羊肚菌菌丝能利用多种碳、氮源,其中以可溶性淀粉和麦芽糖作为最佳碳源,以硝酸钾或硝酸铵作为最佳氮源;菌丝生长的最适pH值为6~7.5,最适温度为18~25℃。     

^15N Isotope Techniques for Estimating Effects of Urea-N Fertilizer Application Rate on Yields and Nutrient Contents of Pakchoi Cabbage and Asparagus Lettuce and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency

A pot experiment combined with^15N isotope techniques was conducted to evaluate effects of the varying rates of urea-N fertilizer application on yields,quality,and nitrogen use efficiency （NUE） of pakchoi cabbage （Brassica chinensis L.） and asparagus lettuce （Lactuca saiva L.）.^15N-labbled urea （5.3515N atom %） was added to pots with 6.5 kg soil of 0.14,0.18,0.21,0.25,and 0.29 g N/kg soil,and applied in two splits：60 percent as basal dressing in the mixture and 40 percent as topdressing.The fresh yields of two vegetable species increased with the increasing input of urea-N,but there was a significant quadratic relationship between the dose of urea-N fertilizer application and the fresh yields.When the dosage of urea-N fertilizer reached a certain value,nitrate readily accumulated in the two kinds of plants due to the decrease in NR activity; furthermore,there was a linear negative correlation between nitrate content and NR activity.With the increasing input of urea-N,ascorbic acid and soluble sugar initially increased,declined after a while,and crude fiber rapidly decreased too.Total absorbed N （TAN）,N derived from fertilizer （Ndff）,and N derived from soil （Ndfs） increased,and the ratio of Ndff and TAN also increased,but the ratio of Ndfs and TAN as well as NUE of urea-N fertilizer decreased with the increasing input of urea-N.These results suggested that the increasing application of labeled N fertilizer led to the increase in unlabeled N （namely,Ndfs） presumably due to ＂added nitrogen interaction＂ （ANI）,the decease in NUE of urea-N fertilizer may be due to excess fertilization beyond the levels of plant requirements and the ANI,and the decrease in the two vegetable yields with the increasing addition of urea-N possibly because the excess accumulation of nitrate reached a toxic level.