探寻图书馆员职业忠诚度

探讨了图书馆事业的发展需要图书馆员对职业的忠诚及馆员对职业忠诚的体现,分析了馆员忠诚度缺失的原因,提出了提高图书馆员职业忠诚度的途径,从而使图书馆事业获得可持续发展。     

养护管理措施对地震后退化草坪恢复的影响

2008年6～7月对地震后搭建帐篷的不同退化程度草坪,采用4种恢复方式进行定位试验,开展草坪特征（草坪草绿色盖度、高度、密度、裸斑盖度、杂草盖度和高度等参数）和维管植物多样性调查。采用一般线性模型中的单变量多因素方差分析研究了处理方式,恢复时间以及二者的交互作用对草坪恢复的影响。研究结果表明：（1）随着搭建帐篷时间的延长,草坪的退化程度加剧。重度退化草坪较轻度退化草坪恢复需要更长的时间。（2）施肥加浇水较其他方式能显著提高轻度退化草坪草绿色盖度,降低枯落物盖度,增加杂草盖度。4种恢复方式对重度退化草坪恢复特征没有差异。（3）恢复1个月后,重度退化草坪草的盖度从1．80％±0．39％恢复到8．90％±2．51％,轻度退化草坪草的盖度从7．78％±1．79％恢复到10．98％±2．75％,恢复效果较差。恢复后草坪植物组成和丰富度发生了明显的变化。杂草从5种增加到19种。草坪草无芒雀麦的优势地位被生长速度快的莎草科植物单穗水蜈蚣和阔叶类植物积雪草代替。综合分析表明：以无芒雀麦为优势种的草坪受避灾干扰的影响较大,养护管理措施并不能促进轻度和重度退化草坪草的快速恢复,应采取重建方式进行恢复。     

园林绿化工程管理中的问题及对策分析

在城市化快速发展的今天,园林绿化已经成为改变城市环境的重要手段,在城市环境建设中发挥越来越大的作用。对园林绿化工程管理中存在的一些问题进行介绍,分析应对这些问题的策略,最后进行总结和展望,旨在为园林绿化工程管理人员提供有益的指导和借鉴。     

职业院校学生管理工作研究

随着职业教育的发展,职业院校的学生管理工作面临新的困难与挑战.本文客观分析当前形势下学生的现状、特点,指出陈旧管理观念、传统管理模式存在的问题,指明学生管理工作改革的必要性,提出了更新管理理念、加强队伍建设、改善管理方式等新思路、新措施,对新时期做好学生管理工作具有一定的指导意义.     

引入6S管理体系提高个体食品生产者职业素质

介绍了6S管理的内涵、实施方案,以及引入6S管理的必要性与可行性。针对当地个体食品生产者生产馒头的现状,引入6S管理体系,取得了良好的效果。     

论黑龙江省勃利县地下水资源管理

阐述了黑龙江省勃利县地下水取水井管理基本现状,提出了在县级水资源管理中开展对地下水取水井的管理措施。     

Multi-attribute evaluation of landscape-level fuel management to reduce wildfire risk

This paper provides an example of the practical application of multi-attribute trade-off analysis (MATA) to wildfire management. The MATA approach supports more informed decision-making because it exposes important trade-offs among competing management objectives (requiring value-based choices), helps guide and structure necessary technical judgements, explicitly represents uncertainty (i.e., not just expected outcomes but risk profiles around outcomes) and addresses temporal trade-offs. MATA promotes critical thinking about what analysis is required for decision-making. A MATA approach can be applied for all types of forest and fire management decisions. In this paper, we provide a sample application of MATA to an evaluation of landscape-level fuel treatments for managing wildfire risk. The study area is located in southeastern British Columbia, Canada where historical fire suppression policies and expanding development in wildland urban interface areas have resulted in an increase in both the probability and the consequences of stand replacement fires. We specify management objectives and develop measurable attributes for fire management costs, timber supply, property damage, landscape-level biodiversity, local air quality and climate change. We then simulate the effects on these attributes of four alternative fuel management strategies that include combinations of mechanical treatments and prescribed burning over a 100-year period. The evaluation illustrates the key features of MATA while highlighting the benefits and challenges of implementing the approach.     

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the growth and nutrition of hybrid poplars on Vancouver Island

The effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) rates, P source, and method of P application were tested on growth and nutrition of four clones of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray×P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh or P. trichocarpa×P. maximowiczii A. Henry) in a plantation on Vancouver Island. Treatments were applied shortly after planting. Nitrogen (0, 500kgNha^–1) was supplied as ammonium sulfate (AS); half of the AS was added at the start of the second growing season. Phosphorus (0, 100, 200kgPha^–1) was supplied as triple super phosphate (TSP), rock phosphate (RP), or diammonium phosphate (DAP) and banded or broadcast. Over four growing seasons, stem volumes increased with AS and P additions. The effects of AS and P each were greatest when the other was also added. Volume was greater when P was applied at 100kgha^–1 than in the P control and did not significantly increase further at 200kgPha^–1. Phosphorus additions were more effective when added as TSP or DAP than when added as RP, but only in P100 and when banded. Banding increased volume when P was applied at 200kgha^–1, but increases were significant only for DAP fertilized trees. Roto-tilling associated with the banding treatment also increased volume when AS and P were not added. Rankings of clones with respect to stem volume varied with N supply and changed over time.     

Decomposition of needle/leaf litter from Scots pine, black cherry, common oak and European beech at a conurbation forest site

Litter decomposition was studied for 2 years in a mixed forest serving as a water protection area (Rhine-Neckar conurbation, SW Germany). Two experiments differing in initial dry weight equivalent in litterbags were set up: one to compare decomposition of European beech leaves (Fagus sylvatica) with common oak leaves (Quercus robur), and the other comparing decomposition of Scots pine needles (Pinus sylvestris) with black cherry leaves (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), respectively. Mass losses were greater for oak litter than for beech (75.0 versus 34.6%), and for cherry litter than for pine (94.6 versus 68.3%). In both experiments, a strong initial loss of soluble compounds occurred. The changes in litter N and P concentrations and the decrease in C-to-N ratio coincided with changes in residual mass. However, neither tannin and phenolic concentrations nor NMR could explain the pronounced variation in mass loss after 2 years. Differences in litter palatability and toughness, nutrient contents and other organic compounds may be responsible for the considerable differences in residual mass between litter types. The fast decay of black cherry leaves appears to play a major role in the present humus dynamics at the studied site. Since black cherry has a high N demand, which is mainly met by root uptake from the forest floor, this species is crucial for internal N cycling at this conurbation forest site. These effects together may significantly contribute to prevent nitrate leaching from the forest ecosystem which is subject to a continuous N deposition on an elevated level.     

耕作方式对豫东夏玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

豫东地区夏玉米生长季恰逢雨季,季节性强降水经常导致农田积水,使玉米生长受到涝渍灾害威胁,为探索当地夏玉米的适宜栽培管理模式,试验设置播前翻耕、深松和旋耕3种耕作处理,并以当地种植习惯的免耕贴茬播种为对照,通过田间小区试验重点研究了不同耕作方式对农田土壤水分、夏玉米农艺性状、籽粒产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与免耕贴茬播种处理相比,翻耕和深松处理均能在强降雨后有效降低表层土壤含水率,增加夏玉米生长中后期的株高和叶面积;翻耕和深松处理籽粒产量分别提高了26.55%和19.67%;翻耕和深松处理水分利用效率分别提高了15.37%和9.69%,旋耕处理降低了3.45%。综合考虑夏玉米籽粒产量、水分利用效率等因素,翻耕和深松措施是适宜于豫东地区夏玉米高产的栽培模式。