高速公路边坡防护体系的建植养护

在对广东省普惠高速公路边坡生物防治体系——护坡草皮的建植和养护过程中，就草种选择、建植方式和质量监控等问题进行了讨论并提出建议，旨在提高我国高速公路边坡防护体系草皮的建植和养护水平。     

春季休牧对草原和家畜生产力的影响

从4月上旬到6月下旬,在内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原,进行春季休牧试验,对休牧和非休牧的草原进行生产力监测.结果表明:春季休牧可以有效地保护草原生态环境,经过两个月休牧后,草原植被状况明显改善;休牧期间采用低投入维持性饲养,可以显著降低饲养成本.并对休牧措施的生态效益、生产实践可行性和经济合理性进行综合讨论和评价.     

小叶锦鸡儿根瘤固氮活性的动态变化

对多年生小叶锦鸡儿不同生育期根瘤固氮能力、不同树龄小叶锦鸡儿根瘤固氮能力进行调查,结果表明:开花期固氮酶活性最高,此时土壤含氮量和植株含氮量最高;新瘤多发生于果后营养期,植株生物量的峰值出现在结实期;二年生和五年生植株的根瘤固氮能力强于三年、四年生植株,随生长年限的延长,植株生物量逐渐增大,含氮量呈小幅度下降趋势。     

A survey of northern Victorian dairy farmers to investigate dairy calf management: colostrum feeding and management

Objectives

To describe colostrum management practices carried out in northern Victorian dairy herds and to identify weaknesses in these areas that may affect calf health and welfare by comparing the results with the current industry recommendations

Methods

A questionnaire to obtain information about colostrum management and calf‐rearing practices was sent to commercial dairy farming clients of Rochester Veterinary Practice between June and September 2013. The questionnaire consisted of a general herd overview and colostrum harvesting practices.

Results

The response rate was 39% (58/150). Many dairy producers were not meeting the current industry recommendations in the following areas: (1) time of removal calf from the dam, (2) relying on calf suckling colostrum from the dam to achieve adequate passive transfer, (3) failing to supplement calves with colostrum, (4) feeding inadequate volumes of colostrum, (5) delayed colostrum harvesting, (6) pooling of colostrum, (7) failing to objectively assess colostrum quality or relying on visual assessment and (8) storing colostrum for a prolonged periods of time at ambient temperatures.

Conclusion

The results from this survey highlight the need for greater awareness of industry standards for colostrum management and feeding hygiene.

     

Improved milk production through PG–PL system by provision of in‐house shelter management in lactating Murrah buffaloes during winter season

Comprehensive information on the role of β‐casein and plasminogen–plasmin (PG–PL) system in milk secretion of Murrah buffaloes during winter season is lacking, although effects of cold stress can be ameliorated to an extent by altering microclimate at farm level. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the changes in productivity along with PG–PL system of milk, plasma hormones and metabolites of buffaloes during winter (December–January) season under two different management systems. Average minimum temperature and wind chill index during this season were 7.02 and 12.74 °C respectively. Buffaloes were divided in two groups of six animals each: control and treatment, where treatment group animals were placed in‐house with floor bedding of paddy straw and the control group animals in loose housing system without straw bedding. Physiological responses were recorded, and milk and blood samples were collected at weekly intervals for six‐week experimental period. Under in‐house management system, buffaloes experienced better comfort by alleviating environmental stress as their physiological responses such as respiration rate and pulse rate were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) as compared to the control, which subsequently resulted higher milk yield by 9.92% (p < 0.05). Analysis of milk samples revealed higher concentration of plasminogen (10.6 vs. 8.05 μg/ml; p < 0.01) and β‐casein (p < 0.05), and lower plasmin level (0.299 vs. 0.321 μg/ml; p < 0.05) in buffaloes under treatment group. It was also found that plasma cortisol, glucose and non‐esterified fatty acids levels were higher (p < 0.01) in control group as compared to the treatment animals by 13.6%, 8.14% and 12.6% respectively. However, milk composition, growth hormone, epinephrine and norepinephrine level in plasma were similar in both the groups. Hence, it may be concluded that provision of in‐house shelter management with floor bedding of paddy straw during winter was effective to minimize environmental stress and improved milk production through manipulation of PG–PL system in buffaloes.     

生态旅游景区注意力管理的探讨

介绍了国内外对"注意力"、"注意力管理"研究的现状.论述了注意力管理在生态旅游景区中应用的重要意义.生态旅游景区的注意力管理包涵经营者的注意力管理,对环境保护的注意力管理、员工的注意力管理、生态旅游者的注意力管理、当地居民的注意力管理等.     

我国森林经营方案问题研究评述

回顾了森林经营方案编制的历史,较全面地阐述了森林经营方案在编制、实施与管理中存在的问题.指出了编制与实施森林经营方案在理论上与技术工作中需要进一步研究解决的问题.对森林经营方案编制的发展趋势进行了初步分析.     

缓释氮肥配施尿素对迟播小麦产量形成及氮素利用的影响

为建立稻茬迟播小麦树脂包膜缓释氮肥高效施肥模式与技术,以冬小麦品种扬麦23为材料,以43%树脂包膜缓释氮肥(PCU,含氮43%)和尿素(U,含氮46%)为氮肥,设置“一次性基施”(A)与“一基一追”(B)2种施肥模式,共形成100%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施(A1)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥+20%尿素基施(A2)、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥+40%尿素基施(A3)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+20%尿素返青期追施(B1)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+20%尿素拔节期追施(B2)、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+40%尿素返青期追施(B3)、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+40%尿素拔节期追施(B4)等7个施肥处理,分析了缓释氮肥与尿素配施对迟播小麦产量及其构成、茎蘖动态、干物质积累、叶面积指数、SPAD值、氮素利用效率等指标的影响。结果表明,一次性基施模式处理(A1～A3)的小麦产量显著低于常规施肥(CK,基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=5∶1∶2∶2);“一基一追”两次施肥模式处理(B1～B4)的产量显著高于CK,泰州与扬州两地分别平均增产5.77%和5.64%,其中B4处理产量最高,分别为8 796....