蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对红小豆生长与品质的影响

为探究蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对陕西关中地区红小豆产量及品质的影响,以红小豆新品种保红947为研究对象,设置T1(纯化肥)、T2(20％蚯蚓粪+80％化肥)、T3(50％蚯蚓粪+50％化肥)、T4(80％蚯蚓粪+20％化肥)和CK(不施肥)5个处理,研究了不同处理下红小豆成熟期农艺性状、产量性状及品质性状的差异.结果表明:蚯蚓...     

马铃薯多功能专用肥配方筛选及其对土壤理化性质的影响

在甘肃省河西内陆灌区的耕种栗钙土上,采用田间试验方法,研究了多功能专用肥配方筛选及与土壤理化性质和马铃薯经济效益间的关系。结果表明：影响马铃薯产量因素由大到小的顺序依次是：多元复混肥>保水剂>聚乙烯醇＞5406菌剂＞糠醛渣;因素间最佳组合是：5406菌剂101.25 kg·hm^-2、多元复混肥1 500 kg·hm^-2、保水剂22.50 kg·hm^-2、聚乙烯醇67.50 kg·hm^-2、糠醛渣11.25 kg·hm< sup>-2。多功能专用肥施肥量与土壤孔隙度、团聚体、蓄水量、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、微生物数量、马铃薯植物学性状、经济性状和产量呈正相关关系,与土壤容重、pH呈负相关关系。随着多功能专用肥施肥量的增加,马铃薯产量、肥料贡献率在增加,但边际产量、边际利润在递减,多功能专用肥施肥量在1.40 t·hm^-2的基础上,再继续增加施肥量,边际利润出现负值。经回归统计分析,多功能专用肥施肥量与马铃薯产量间的肥料效应回归方程是：y=24.79+6.5408x-0.9251x²,经济效益最佳施肥量为1.3999 t·hm^-2,马铃薯理论产量为35.7602 t·hm^-2。在耕种栗钙土上施用多功能专用肥,有效改善了土壤的理化性质和生物学性质,提高了马铃薯的施肥利润和产量。     

生物有机肥对黄州萝卜主要经济性状和效益的影响

为了验证生物有机肥对蔬菜作物生长的促进作用与增产效应,以黄州萝卜为试验材料,探究不同生物有机肥对黄州萝卜产量及品质等方面的影响,设置3个施肥处理:每667 m~2分别施用200 kg生物有机肥+20 kg三元复合肥;200 kg灭活生物有机肥+20 kg三元复合肥;常规施肥(每667 m~2施200 kg饼肥+20 kg三元复合肥)以及空白对照。结果表明:每667 m~2施200 kg生物有机肥+20 kg三元复合肥处理的萝卜667 m~2产量最高,为2 921.5 kg;在品质方面,萝卜含粗纤维7 g/kg,可溶性糖42 g/kg,水分92.6%;综合667 m~2效益最优,达到4 567.3元,产投比最高,为3.5。     

光照、营养钵及磷肥用量对西瓜幼苗素质的影响

对不同光照、营养钵、磷肥用量对西瓜幼苗素质的影响进行试验,结果表明,本试验条件下,在2/3光照、8cm营养钵育苗、磷酸二铵用量0.5 kg/m~3的条件下,才能培育壮苗,经济效益较高。     

柑桔配施氮、磷、钾肥效应研究初报

本试验研究了在同一施氮水平下，不同水平磷、钾配施及施用不同种类钾肥对柑桔营养、产量及品质的效应。结果表明，紫色黄泥土锦橙园采用适当氮、磷、钾肥配合施用对提高单产及改善果实品质具有明显作用，以株施Ｎ４６０９、Ｐ_２Ｏ_４００ｇ、Ｋ_Ｏ５６０ｇ效果最佳，经济效益也最大。在一定范围内，叶片中的磷、钾养分含量都随磷、钾化肥用量的增加而提高。     

Effects of shading and NO3:NH4 ratio on the yield,quality and N metabolism in strawberry

The effect of 50% shading and NO₃:NH₄ ratio (0:100, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75) in the nutrient solution on growth, yield, quality and N metabolism in hydroponically grown strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa var Camarosa) was evaluated. Both fresh and dry weights of leaves were significantly lower when a high concentration of either NO₃ (100%) or NH₄ (75%) was the sole N source in the nutrient solution. In unshaded plants, increasing of both NH₄ and NO₃ ratio in the nutrient solution reduced photosynthetic (Pn) rate, however in shaded plants the reduction of Pn became more pronounced at a higher ratio of NH₄ in the nutrient solution. The yield in terms of fresh and dry weight of fruit per plant was significantly increased at the 75:25 and 50:50 (NO₃:NH₄) treatments. Fruit size was significantly affected by the treatments, so that the biggest fruits in both shaded and unshaded plants were obtained under the 75:25 and 50:50 (NO₃:NH₄) treatments. Total soluble solid (TSS) in unshaded plants was increased with increasing NH₄ ratio in the nutrient solution, however in shaded plants it was reduced at high NH₄ ratio in the nutrient solution. In both shaded and unshaded plants, higher concentration of NH₄ significantly reduced the post-harvest life of the fruits. The increase of tissue N concentration was nearly proportional to the NH₄ concentration in the nutrient solution. The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) was increased by increasing NH₄ from 0 to 50% and then reduced at a higher ratio of NH₄ in the solution. Shading increased NH₄ concentration so that the shaded plant had nearly twice as high NH₄ concentration in the leaves. The increase of NH₄ concentration induced by shading could be partially the reduction of NH₄ assimilate because of the shortage of carbohydrate.     

叶面施锌对苋菜生长的影响

采用0.28、0.40和1.00ml.L-1的锌肥禾丰锌〔氧化锌≥87%(W/V)〕进行叶面施肥,研究叶面施锌对苋菜生长的影响。结果表明:3个施锌处理均对苋菜株高、茎粗和叶面积有促进作用,并能改善苋菜品质,降低硝酸盐积累,增加产量,其中浓度为0.40ml.L-1的处理效果最佳。     

百力佳叶面肥对宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄生长发育及品质的影响

在宁夏酿酒葡萄集中栽培区宁夏国营玉泉营农场设置了田间试验,研究了百力佳营养型叶面肥对酿酒葡萄生长发育及产量品质的影响.结果表明:百力佳对酿酒葡萄株高、新梢长度及叶绿素含量都有促进作用;在施用化肥的基础上再喷施百力佳能够显著促进酿酒葡萄果穗长,显著降低果实酸碱度和总酸度,显著增加还原糖含量,显著增加葡萄百粒果重,也明显有增加酿酒葡萄产量的趋势.     

增施氮肥和地面管理对酸樱桃园土壤营养状况的影响

在一个连续进行了 ８年Ｎ肥定位试验的酸樱桃园,调查了每年施用 Ｎ６０ ｋｇ· ｈｍ~(－２)和行间生草制对土壤营养状况的影响。结果表明：在肥沃土壤里ＮＨ_４~＋是速效Ｎ的主要存在形式,而ＮＯ_３~－的含量很低。生草地土壤中含有较多的 ＮＨ_４~－,而清耕带土壤中含有较多的 ＮＯ_３~－。施肥增加土壤速效 Ｎ的含量。土壤 ＮＯ_３~－的季节性变化表明 ５至 ６月份土壤中 ＮＯ_３~－的含量高,而花前和 ７月份土壤中 ＮＯ_３~－含量低。 Ｐ、Ｋ在清耕带 １０ ｃｍ以下土壤的含量低于生草地土壤,但在 ０～ １０ｃｍ土层中Ｋ的含量高于生草地。Ｐ的含量不受影响。施Ｎ减少了土壤Ｐ、Ｋ的含量。土壤中Ｍｇ的含量分布均匀,不受施Ｎ和地面管理制度的影响。     

秸秆还田配施氮肥对冬小麦产量及氮素调控的影响

以周麦23为供试材料,采用裂区设计的大田试验研究了关中地区秸秆还田配施不同氮肥水平对冬小麦产量及氮素调控的影响。结果表明：相较于单施氮肥处理,秸秆还田配施氮肥处理冬小麦产量在低施氮量处理时有降低的趋势,在高施氮量处理时有增加的趋势,但两者间的差异不显著;秸秆还田配施氮肥能有效提高冬小麦的氮素利用效率,冬小麦的氮肥表观利用率提高了1．6％～9．1％;秸秆还田措施配施适量的氮肥有降低冬小麦百公斤籽粒需氮量的趋势。综合考虑到生产成本及潜在环境污染的可能性因素,在秸秆还田条件下,试验地区冬小麦施氮量以252～321 kg·hm-2为宜。