离网型风力发电机性能测试系统概述

本文为离网型风力发电机虚拟仪器性能测试原理的研究,利用相应的软件LabVIEW及相关配套硬件设备,设计了风力机基本性能参数的测试系统。在考虑到强电、弱电信号传输分开,内部供电电源与信号线路隔离以及信号屏蔽等问题,设计出了测试机箱方案。通过在实验室实验,测得了风力发电机的转速与风力发电机功率的数据,从而做出了一条转速与功率的关系曲线,为评估和改进风力发电机的性能提供依据。     

常见的凸封闭节曲线非圆齿轮副设计

根据非圆齿轮的啮合原理,针对椭圆、偏心圆和巴斯噶蜗线等几种常见的凸封闭节曲线及其共轭的非圆齿轮,推导了节曲线的计算公式,并可利用计算机进行精确求解和某些特性参数的修正计算。对三类齿轮副的传动性能和设计制造方面的优缺点进行了对比分析,为其后续设计和制造提供依据。     

逼近水力机械特性的一种新方法

针对现有曲线逼近方法的不足，本文给出一种基于元胞自动机原理的曲线逼近方法，并对应用这种方法逼近水力机械特性的计算过程进行了研究。研究结果表明，使用基于元胞自动机的曲线逼近方法逼近水力机械的特性，与整体的曲线逼近方法相比，所得到的逼近结果，具有计算精度高，能够真实反映水力机械特性的特点，可以用于水力机械的控制和优化运行等方面。     

风力发电场进场道路曲线设计应注意的问题

风能已成为世界上增长最快的清洁可再生能源,风力发电世界各国争相发展.然而我省风力发电项目进展较为缓慢,主要原因在于,我省公路网密度较低,许多公路等级偏低,平面线性较差,运输风电设备的长货车通行较困难.风电路的设计有一定的特殊性,我们在进行风电路设计时不能照搬规范上的数据,特殊数值需要通过计算求得,以保证风电设备的顺利运输.     

Impact of inorganic nitrogen additions on microbes in biological soil crusts

Many studies have shown that changes in nitrogen (N) availability affect the diversity and composition of soil microbial community in a variety of terrestrial systems, but less is known about the responses of microbes specific to biological soil crusts (BSCs) to increasing N additions. After seven years of field experiment, the bacterial diversity in lichen-dominated crusts decreased linearly with increasing inorganic N additions (ambient N deposition; low N addition, 3.5 g N m⁻² y⁻¹; medium N addition, 7.0 g N m⁻² y⁻¹; high N addition, 14.0 g N m⁻² y⁻¹), whereas the fungal diversity exhibited a distinctive pattern, with the low N-added crust containing a higher diversity than the other crusts. Pyrosequencing data revealed that the bacterial community shifted to more Cyanobacteria with modest N additions (low N and medium N) and to more Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria and much less Cyanobacteria with excess N addition (high N). Our results suggest that soil pH, together with soil organic carbon (C), structures the bacterial communities with N additions. Among the fungal communities, the relative abundance of Ascomycota increased with modest N but decreased with excess N. However, increasing N additions favored Basidiomycota, which may be ascribed to increases in substrate availability with low lignin and high cellulose contents under elevated N conditions. Bacteria/fungi ratios were higher in the N-added samples than in the control, suggesting that the bacterial biomass tends to dominate over that of fungi in lichen-dominated crusts after N additions, which is especially evident in the excess N condition. Because bacteria and fungi are important components and important decomposers in BSCs, the alterations of the bacterial and fungal communities may have implications in the formation and persistence of BSCs and the cycling and storage of C in desert ecosystems.     

不同苜蓿根瘤菌固氮能力和黄酮变异研究

从重庆、安徽和新疆3个地区的宿主苜蓿上分别分离纯化出1个根瘤菌菌株。将3个菌株分别接种到WL323和阿尔冈金两个品种苜蓿上。分析不同处理的固氮能力和它们的芦丁的含量，以及黄酮含量和固氮的关系。结果表明：固氮能力、芦丁、黄酮含量都受到根瘤菌菌株、苜蓿品种和两者的相互作用影响；并且各组合的芦丁含量与固氮量之间成负相关，黄酮含量越高，固氮量越少。     

有机磷农药混合标准溶液配制不确定度评价（英文）

标准溶液的不确定度对农药残留检测起着非常重要的作用,影响着检测结果的准确性。笔者以实际应用的14种有机磷农药混合标准溶液为例,采用配制混合标准溶液过程单元操作的不确定度计算方法(top down),分析了在配制混合标准溶液过程中的所有影响因素,得到了最终的扩展不确定度。最终结果显示使用精准的移液器将储备液配置为混合标液,得到最终的扩展不确定度相对小。     

Fine root decomposition,nutrient mobilization and fungal communities in a pine forest ecosystem

Despite its importance to energy flow and nutrient cycling the process of fine root decomposition has received comparatively little detailed research. Disruption of the fine root-soil interface during preparation of root litterbags for decomposition studies could affect decay rates and nutrient mobilization in part by altering the community of decay organisms. We compared rates of decomposition and nutrient release from fine roots of pine between litterbags and intact cores and characterized the fungal community in the decomposing roots. Fine root decomposition was about twice as fast overall for intact cores than litterbags, and rapid mobilization of N and P was observed for roots in cores whereas nutrients were immobilized in litterbags. Fungal communities characterized using 454 pyrosequencing were considerably different between decaying roots in intact cores and litterbags. Most interesting, taxa from ectomycorrhizal fungal orders such as Boletales, Thelephorales and Cantharellales appeared to be more common in decaying roots from cores than litterbags. Moreover, the rate of N and P mobilization from decaying fine roots was highly correlated with taxa from two orders of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Thelephorales, Cantharellales). Although we caution that DNA identified from the decaying roots cannot be conclusively ascribed to active fungi, the results provide tentative support for a significant role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in decomposition and nutrient mobilization from fine roots of pine.     

盐胁迫对裸果木幼苗光合特性的影响

本研究以一年生裸果木幼苗为材料，采用盆栽育苗方式，设计7个不同浓度NaCl溶液（CK、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0% 和1.2%）模拟盐分胁迫，测定分析了其叶片气体交换参数、光响应曲线及叶绿素荧光参数的变化规律。结果表明：随着盐浓度的增加，叶片净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）和蒸腾速率（T_r）均呈下降趋势，NaCl浓度≥0.4%时，各处理P_n、G_s和T_r均显著低于CK；气孔限制值（L_s）和瞬时水分利用效率（WUE）随盐浓度增加呈先升后降趋势，胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）呈相反趋势，NaCl浓度为0.4%时，L_s达到最大值，而C_i达到最小值，说明P_n下降以气孔限制因素为主，而当NaCl浓度≥0.6%时，以非气孔限制为主要因素。随着盐胁迫程度的增大，最大净光合速率（P_nmax）、暗呼吸速率（R_d）、光饱和点（L_SP）、表观量子效率（A_QY）逐渐降低，光补偿点（L_CP）逐渐增加，表明盐分抑制了幼苗对光的吸收、利用和转换能力。叶片PSII潜在活性（F_v/F₀）、原初光能转化效率（F_v/F_m）、实际光化学效率（Φ_PSII）、电子传递速率（ETR）和光化学猝灭系数（q_p）随着盐浓度的增加呈下降趋势；非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）在≤0.4%NaCl处理下较CK显著增加，盐浓度≥0.8%时，NPQ显著下降。基质的NaCl浓度在0.2%和0.4%时，裸果木叶片P_n、F_v/F₀、F_v/F_m下降不显著，WUE有所提高，PSII系统可以通过耗散过剩的光能保护光合机构，表现出一定的耐盐性；但盐浓度超过0.6%时，光合生态幅变窄，光合机构受到明显破坏，显著抑制了光合作用能力。     

三峡库区川南山地黄牛及杂种后代生长曲线拟合分析

三峡库区川南山地黄牛及其8种杂种后代的体重资料用Logistic和Gompertz模型进行生长曲线拟合分析。结果表明:2种模型都能很好地拟合川南山地黄牛及其8种杂种后代的生长发育规律,但Gompertz模型尤佳。成熟体重最大的是西杂牛313.2373 kg,最小的是本地黄牛166.1484 kg。引进的8个肉牛品种对本地黄牛都有改良效果,较好的有西门塔尔牛、海福特、红安格斯、德国黄牛、利木赞牛。