新西兰兔肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞原代培养与诱导分化的研究

为建立新西兰兔前体脂肪细胞的体外培养模型,比较新西兰兔肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞分化过程中相关基因的差异表达,实验采集 1 日龄新西兰兔背最长肌和皮下脂肪组织,采用胶原酶消化方法,分别从 2 种组织中分离前体脂肪细胞,进行细胞原代培养,绘制细胞生长曲线,并对肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞诱导分化,利用 RT-PCR 检测相关基因的表达变化。结果表明:细胞在分离后 2 h 已经贴壁,24 h 时呈现出短梭形的细胞形态,第 2 天细胞变成长梭形,第 3 天进入对数生长期。肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞在诱导分化后均被油红O 染色,皮下前体脂肪细胞的脂质积累在诱导分化的第 2 天显著高于肌内前体脂肪细胞(P<0.05);荧光定量结果表明,肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞 CCAAT 增强子结合蛋白(C/EBPα)基因的表达趋势在诱导分化过程中相同,肌内前体脂肪细胞过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体(PPARγ)第 4 天的表达量显著高于第 6 天,而皮下前体脂肪细胞 PPARγ表达量差异不显著;肌内前体脂肪细胞脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)表达量在第 0天和第 2天差异不显著,而皮下前体脂肪细胞第 2 天显著高于第 0 天(P<0.05);肌内前体脂肪细胞脂肪酸合酶(FAS)基因第 0、2、4 天的表达量差异不显著,而皮下前体脂肪细胞第 2、4 天显著高于第 0 天(P<0.05)。本研究成功构建了新西兰兔肌内和皮下前体脂肪细胞的体外培养和诱导分化模型,并发现皮下前体脂肪细胞分化早于肌内前体脂肪细胞,为进一步研究新西兰兔前体脂肪细胞的分化机制和脂肪沉积奠定基础。     

鸡胚胎期及生长发育早期对孵化绿光强度的反应

试验旨在探究孵化期单色绿光不同光照强度对鸡孵化和早期生长发育的影响。选用810个大小均匀的新浦东鸡种蛋,随机分为3组（n=270）,孵化期1~18.5 d分别在黑暗、低照度（20~50 lux）和高照度（200~300 lux）的LED单色绿光（λ=525 nm）条件下孵化,每天光照24 h,各组种蛋于第18.5天转至同一台无光出雏器中,各组温度和湿度等其他孵化条件始终保持一致。检测各组受精蛋孵化率、死胚率、初生重、10周龄体重、初生雏鸡及3周龄公鸡的血清激素浓度（甲状腺素、降钙素、生长激素、褪黑激素和骨钙素等）和血液生理生化指标（碱性磷酸酶、胰岛素样生长因子和钙等含量）。结果表明：各组种蛋的死胚数和死胚率差异较小;孵化的20.5 d低照度组和高照度组的受精蛋孵化率分别为黑暗组的2.3倍和5.2倍;孵化的21.5 d黑暗组的受精蛋孵化率为82.8%,低照度组和高照度组的孵化率分别比黑暗组高6.5%和1.9%;黑暗组的健雏率为98.6%,低照度组的健雏率比黑暗组低0.4%,而高照度组与黑暗组的健雏率接近;高照度组公雏初生重显著低于黑暗组（P<0.05）,而低照度组与黑暗组无显著差异（P>0.05）。母雏初生重趋势与公雏基本一致,高照度组母雏初生重显著低于其他两组（P<0.05）,其他两组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）;在10周龄,各组公鸡和母鸡体重无显著差异（P<0.05）;各组1日龄公雏血液生理生化和激素指标无显著差异（P>0.05）,3周龄公鸡高照度组和低照度组褪黑激素含量显著高于黑暗组（P<0.05）,其他指标无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上,在种蛋的孵化过程中,与黑暗条件下相比,给予适宜强度的单色绿光能够促进鸡胚发育,在不影响雏鸡健康的前提下使出雏时间提前,孵化期光照对后期生长发育影响较小。     

人工感染雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎的病理形态学发展规律的研究

40只2日龄四川白鹅口服感染雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒，在不同阶段解剖发病和死亡雏鹅，电镜观察组织器官的病理变化发展规律，接种后第2天，十二指肠绒毛顶部上皮细胞发生坏死、脱落。随着感染时间延长，上皮细胞的坏死、脱落迅速向绒毛基部发展，并伴随固有膜炎性细胞浸润和坏死，病变向着空肠段发展，进一步发展为纤维素性坏死性肠炎，于小肠中后段形成假膜包裹肠内容物的栓塞物或直接由纤维素性渗出物与地不死肠粘膜混合凝固形成栓塞物阻塞肠腔，使外观膨大，肺充血和出血，肾充血、出血及肾小管上皮细胞变性。部分病例肝颗粒变性、脂肪变性，后期部分病例气管、腺胃上皮细胞脱落，早期部分病例心充血和出血，食道、胰腺及脑正常，电镜下可观察到小肠上皮细胞核畸形、固缩、核仁消失、核膜模糊和胞核崩解；胞浆严重空化，形成含有很多病毒粒子的“封入体”；粗面内质网扩张呈囊状，其上的核蛋白体严重脱落；线粒体外膜破裂或嵴断裂及空化，部分受到损害的线凿全充满大量的病毒粒子；形成肠道栓子的外层假膜有大量的病毒粒子、细菌以及坏死的肠上皮细胞，肝脏细胞粗面内质网严重扩张及部分线粒体肿胀、脊断裂；而心肌细胞粗面内质网的轻度扩张及胞核畸形。本文还对雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎与小鹅瘟的病理变化进行了比较分析。     

临夏州畜牧业生产现状及发展对策

以增加农民收入为目标,深入实施"产业富民、农牧稳州"发展战略,围绕精准扶贫精准脱贫工作,把畜牧业作为产业扶贫抓手,大力发展以牛羊为主的草食畜牧业作为建设现代畜牧业的重点产业和推进农村经济发展的重要增长点来突破,通过加强协调服务,强化组织领导,加大政策支持,推进机制创新和检查考核,夯实生产基础,优化产业结构,使畜牧业的发展惠及千家万户,有力推进畜牧业标准化、规模化发展进程,使全州畜牧业生产保持了平稳发展的良好势头。     

关于我国海水网箱养鱼发展现状与危机分析及可持续发展的探讨

我国海水网箱养鱼发展现状是以个体联合体生产经营为主体的低技术水平的数量规模化，众多传统港湾已形成了大范围的严重超负荷养殖状态，其对环境巨大的污染力引发鱼病猖獗和频受赤潮侵袭，已面临严峻的养殖环境危机。本文综合分析了我国海水网箱养鱼的发展现状与负面效应及其现状危机，并初步进行了危机根源和可持续发展的讨论分析。     

紫茎泽兰在凉山金阳的分布情况及其规律

调查了紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng)在金阳县的分布规律,为防止紫茎泽兰对金阳县农业生产和生态环境破坏提出了一些依据。本次调查了每个样方内的紫茎泽兰的植株数、平均高度、单株生物量和总生物量,发现紫茎泽兰的总株数从海拔1 650 m的3株增长到580 m的32 640株,极差达到32 637,变化极其显著;紫茎泽兰的平均高度和单株生物量变化也较大;同时发现紫茎泽兰的植株数、平均高度、单株生物量和总生物量随海拔的升高成负相关,其中单株生物量与海拔的相关性最显著,相关系数达到-0.937 4。     

Serological evidence for exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus in sheep co-grazed with beef cattle in New Zealand

ABSTRACT

Aims: To determine whether sheep that co-grazed with cattle that were suspected to be positive for bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus had serological evidence of exposure to the virus.

Methods: Eighteen commercial farms that routinely co-grazed cattle and sheep in the same paddocks were recruited through purposive sampling. The recruiting veterinarians identified nine farms with cattle herds that were known or highly suspected to be positive for BVD and nine farms that were considered to be free of BVD. Blood samples were taken from 15 ewes aged 1 year on each farm and samples were submitted to a commercial diagnostic laboratory to test for antibodies against pestiviruses using an ELISA. All samples that were positive were then tested using a virus neutralisation test (VNT)for antibodies against BVD virus.

Results: Of the 270 blood samples, 17 were positive for pestivirus antibodies by ELISA and these originated from two farms that were known or suspected to have BVD virus-positive cattle. None of the samples from the nine flocks co-grazed with cattle herds that were known or suspected to be BVD virus-negative were positive for pestivirus antibodies. Within the two positive farms, 2/15 samples from the first farm and 15/15 samples from the second farm were antibody-positive. When the 17 positive blood samples were submitted for VNT, all 15 samples from the second farm tested positive for BVD virus antibodies with the highest titre being 1:512.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: In this small sample of New Zealand sheep and beef farms with suspected BVD infection in cattle, there was evidence of pestivirus exposure in co-grazed sheep. Although we were unable to confirm the origin of the exposure in these sheep, these findings highlight that farmers who are trying to eradicate BVD from their cattle should be mindful that the infection may also be circulating in sheep, and both populations should be considered a possible risk to each other for generating transient and persistent infections. Further work is needed to estimate the true prevalence of New Zealand sheep flocks that are affected by BVD and the associated economic impacts.     

郏县红牛产业发展现状、存在问题及对策

郏县红牛是由河南省平顶山市郏县经过长期不断选育而形成的地方优良品种.近几年,由于生产生活方式的改变,郏县红牛产业新的问题凸显.因此,本文主要分析了郏县红牛产业面临的问题,同时提出一些相应的对策,从而使郏县红牛在未来的发展中发挥自身独特的优势,进而增加农民收入.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS–PULMONARY‐TRACHEOBRONCHIAL PROLAPSE IN A NEW CALEDONIAN GIANT GECKO (RHACODACTYLUS LEACHIANUS)

A 3‐year‐old male New Caledonian giant gecko, or Leach's gecko (Rhacodactylus leachianus) presented with acute lethargy and coelomic distention. Findings from survey radiographs and an upper gastrointestinal tract contrast study were consistent with severe aerophagia, a collapsed left lung, and hyperinflation of the right lung due to suspected bronchial obstruction. The gecko was treated with conservative medical management, but was found dead 5 days after presentation. Necropsy findings showed intussusception of the proximal left lung into the left mainstem bronchus and trachea.     

Three cases of a presumptive atypical myopathy in New Zealand horses

CASE HISTORY: Three weanling Thoroughbred fillies were presented during autumn with depression, muscle rigidity and, in one case, colic symptoms and cardiovascular shock.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: All fillies had abnormal physical examinations that included elevated heart rates and respiratory rates coupled with muscle rigidity through the back and rump. Biochemistry revealed markedly elevated creatinine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase which indicated a myopathy.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: All three horses were diagnosed with presumptive equine atypical myopathy. The horses received supportive therapy as per the literature available at the time regarding this condition; two responded to supportive therapy and survived, and one was euthanased due to a rapid deterioration in clinical status.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Following post mortem of one case, histology of the trapezius muscle demonstrated an acute, severe myofibre degeneration.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Atypical myopathy and a very similar disorder termed seasonal pasture myopathy in North America are potentially fatal, pasture-related syndromes that have been described in Europe and America but have not been previously described in New Zealand. This report describes three presumptive cases of this unique syndrome in New Zealand for the first time; it outlines the characteristics of the condition; and includes recently published information regarding diagnosis and treatment.