亚运天然运动场草坪改造工程的技术指导研究

文章以广州市园林科学研究所在广州亚运天然运动场草坪建植改造工程的技术指导实践为例,介绍了亚运天然运动场草坪调查、草坪规划、草坪建植、草坪改造、草坪养护和草坪检测等方面的研究实践和取得的丰硕成果。     

中华草蛉与异色瓢虫竞争干扰研究

对中华草蛉与异色瓢虫的幼虫和成虫种间以及各虫态天敌昆虫共存情况下的竞争干扰进行研究.试验结果表明,中华草蛉幼虫与异色瓢虫幼虫竞争干扰明显,在共同捕食时中华草蛉幼虫占优势,成虫间竞争干扰以异色瓢虫捕食蚜虫优势明显大于中华草蛉.2种天敌昆虫各虫态共同捕食蚜虫时高龄幼虫及成虫捕杀低龄幼虫竞争优势明显.     

“烟塔合一”技术在环评中有关问题的探讨

介绍了国内外燃煤电厂“烟塔合一”技术的应用现状,阐述了“烟塔合一”的工艺流程及技术特点,重点进行了“烟塔合一”排烟方案与常规的烟囱排烟方案对环境影响的对比分析,并针对燃煤电厂“烟塔合一”技术在环评过程中存在的问题进行探讨。     

利用SSR标记对家蚕卵非胶着性基因(Ng)的定位分析

家蚕卵非胶着性基因(No-glue,Ng)位于第12染色体,Ng突变体的雌性成虫生殖器的粘液腺只分泌极少量的粘性物质,因此产下的卵不能粘着而成为天然散卵,是研究家蚕粘液蛋白分泌机制的重要材料。利用雌性家蚕的W染色体和Z染色体间不发生交换的特点,采用产胶着卵的家蚕品系KY和产非胶着卵的家蚕品系巴格达特(Ba)组配正反交群体(Ba×KY)F1♀×KY♂和KY♀×(Ba×KY)F1♂2种材料,分别记作BC1F和BC1M,根据已经构建的家蚕SSR分子标记连锁图谱对Ng基因进行连锁分析及定位。BC1F群体中的所有产非胶着卵的个体均表现出与(Ba×KY)F1相同的杂合型带型;而所有产胶着卵个体的带型与亲本KY一致,为纯合型。筛选出4个与Ng基因连锁的SSR标记,并利用BC1M群体构建Ng基因的SSR标记遗传连锁图,连锁图的遗传距离为51.9cM,与Ng基因最近的引物为S1213,图距为0cM。     

Western Carpathian mountain spruce forest after a windthrow: Natural regeneration in cleared and uncleared areas

A catastrophic windstorm called “bora” occurred in The Tatra National Park in Slovakia in 2004 and destroyed an extensive area of mountain spruce forests. Part of the windthrow area was left uncleared for natural development, but most of the area was cleared. We analyzed natural regeneration in cleared and uncleared windthrows, and in reference closed canopy forest in 2007 and 2008 with the aim of assessing the regeneration capability of the windthrown forests and proposing the best method for their restoration.     

Changes in soil P chemistry as affected by conversion of natural secondary forests to larch plantations

To assess the impact of conversion of native forests to monocultural larch plantations on soil chemical properties, we compared the total and various fractions of soil phosphorus (P) and acid phosphatase activity (APA) between natural secondary forests (NSF) and Larix olgensis plantations (LOP) on a montane forest site in eastern Liaoning Province, Northeast China. We found that the concentrations of total P (TP), inorganic P, and iron-bound P (Fe-P) were significantly higher, and the concentrations of microbial biomass P (MBP), sodium bicarbonate-extractable organic P (NaHCO₃-Po), and APA were significantly lower, in the LOP stands than in the NSF stands; whilst organic P, sodium bicarbonate-extractable inorganic P (NaHCO₃-Pi), aluminum-bound P (Al-P) and calcium-bound P (Ca-P) were comparable between the two forest types. Our study also showed that the ratios of MBP/TP, NaHCO₃-Pi/TP, NaHCO₃-Po/TP, and APA significantly varied with time during the growing season. Moreover, the concentrations of NaHCO₃-Pi, NaHCO₃-Po, and MBP had significant (P < 0.01) and positive linear relationships with APA. Overall, results from this study suggest that conversion of native forests to larch plantations in the region is more likely to cause compositional change in soil P than to result in reduction in overall P availability.     

重庆自然博物馆馆藏蝴蝶标本名录

在整理重庆自然博物馆保存的近3万件蝴蝶标本中,经过系统的分类鉴定,初步得出有国内蝴蝶标本521种221属12科,国外蝴蝶26种14属,台湾蝴蝶标本90种（亚种）53属10科。其中,还保存有蝴蝶正模标本1种,副模标本1种。馆藏保存最早的蝴蝶标本时间是从1910年开始,至今已有近100 a的历史。     

2-巯基苯并噻唑制备的恒粘天然橡胶加工性能的研究

采用2-巯基苯并噻唑制备恒粘天然橡胶（MBT-CVNR）,并与盐酸羟胺制备的恒粘天然橡胶（HH-CVNR）进行对比,采用橡胶加工分析仪并结合交联密度、硫化特性、分子量、门尼粘度和凝胶含量研究加速贮存前后恒粘剂对天然橡胶(NR)加工性能的影响,同时探究交联密度、硫化特性、分子量、门尼粘度和凝胶含量与加工性能之间的关系。结果表明：加速贮存前,加入恒粘剂后,NR的交联密度、分子量、门尼粘度、凝胶含量和弹性模量都减小,损耗因子增大;加速贮存后,NR和HH-CVNR的交联密度、分子量、门尼粘度和凝胶含量都出现增大趋势,NR增大最多,流动性明显变差,加工性能最差,而MBT-CVNR几乎没有变化,加工性能受影响不大。     

环氧化天然橡胶对天然橡胶/白炭黑湿法母炼胶性能的影响

将乳胶状的环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)作为界面改性剂应用于NR/白炭黑的湿法混炼,通过对比ENR改性处理的湿法母炼胶(NES)和未经改性处理的湿法母炼胶(NS),研究ENR对湿法母炼胶性能的影响。结果表明:胶料中的填料-填料网络主要是在硫化初期填料絮凝而形成,通过热处理能够降低NES的填料絮凝速率。与NS相比,不管有没有偶联剂存在,NES均具有更低的絮凝速率常数和由此导致的更弱的填料-填料网络;随着偶联剂用量的增加,胶料的300%定伸应力和耐磨性提高,且NES的提高幅度更大。分析认为,ENR一方面在白炭黑表面形成聚合物层,防止填料的絮凝;另一方面能够与硅烷偶联剂起协同作用改善填料-橡胶界面结合。     

An alien fish threatens an endangered parasitic bivalve: the relationship between brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in northern Europe

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