不同杀菌剂对烟草疫霉菌的室内毒力测定

用生长速率法测定8种杀菌剂对烟草疫霉菌的毒力作用。试验结果表明,50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂和25%甲霜.霜霉威可湿性粉剂对烟草疫霉菌菌丝的抑制效果较好,两者的EC50分别为0.0055㎎/L和0.2831㎎/L。     

Retinopathy of Coton de Tulear dogs: clinical manifestations, electroretinographic, ultrasonographic, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographic, and optical coherence tomographic findings

Objectives  To document the clinical manifestations, development, progression, and mode of inheritance of the retinopathy of Coton de Tulear dogs.
Materials and methods  Multiple Coton de Tulear dogs were examined with biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, photopic and scotopic electroretinography, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, ultrasonography, and fundic photography for 3 years.
Results  The retinopathy of Coton de Tulear dogs is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition and manifests as multifocal serous retinal detachments in homozygous puppies, between 3 and 4 months of age. Optic coherence tomography and ultrasonography confirm multiple focal serous retinal detachments. Serial fundic photographs confirmed minimal progression of lesions beyond 1 year of age. Electroretinography identified diminished scotopic and photopic amplitudes; however, the only significant differences between affected and age-matched control Coton de Tulear dogs were noted during photopic flicker electroretinograms. Leakage of fluorescein or indocyanine green through the blood ocular barriers was not detected during repeated angiograms prior to, during, and after development of the retinopathy. There was no focal pooling of fluorescein in any of the dogs examined. Focal retinal thinning was detected with optical coherence tomography over each detachment and the serous content of some of the bullae diminish after several years leaving focal areas of hyper-reflectivity.
Conclusions  Multifocal retinopathy of Coton de Tulear dogs is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition. The retinopathy manifests early in life as nonprogressive multifocal bullous retinal detachments. The blood ocular barrier remains intact. Photopic and scotopic electroretinography are minimally diminished compared to age-matched dogs.     

浙江安吉毛竹二新变型

描述了毛竹的2个新变型,即紫筋毛竹和安吉紫毛竹.前者不同于毛竹在于秆分枝一侧纵沟槽紫褐色,节间或有紫色或淡黄色纵条纹；后者不同于毛竹在于新秆从基部开始逐渐出现紫色斑点,以后整个节间变成淡紫色.     

A new species of Heterixalus (Amphibia: Hyperoliidae) from western Madagascar

A new species of hyperoliid frog, Heterixalus carbonei n.sp., is described from the Antsingy forest inwestern Madagascar. It is characterized by an advertisement call consisting of long and regular note series. The only other Heterixalus with a similar call structure, H. betsileo from higher altitudes in eastern Madagascar, has distinctly shorter notes. After recent discoveries of the occurrence of H. luteostriatus and H. tricolor in western Madagascar, the new species brings the number of Heterixalus known from western Madagascar to three.     

菠萝叶纤维细度分选

以无刺卡因、巴厘这两类品种的菠萝叶纤维为原料,对老叶和嫩叶所提取的纤维进行不同部位的纤维细度测定,结果表明：无刺卡因类菠萝叶老叶提取的纤维长度达到80～100 cm,尖部和根部的纤维平均细度分别为14.40、18.53 dtex,嫩叶提取纤维的长度一般在50～70 cm,纤维根部和尖部的纤维平均细度分别为13.27、14.77 dtex;巴厘类菠萝叶提取的纤维长度达到70～90 cm,尖部和根部的纤维平均细度分别为14.13、18.50 dtex,嫩叶提取纤维的长度一般在45～65 cm,纤维根部和尖部的纤维平均细度分别为13.09、15.03 dtex。经方差分析,卡因类和巴厘类菠萝叶老叶根部与尖部纤维细度存在显著差异（p<0.05）。     

Pathogenesis of Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) infections: Interactions of the virus with peripheral bovine blood cellular components

Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) is believed to reach the placenta via the hematogenous route as the virus has been recovered from the blood buffy coat cells of experimentally infected cattle. However, the manner in which the virus relates to these and other blood cells while in transit in the blood is not known. The nature of this relationship was investigated in the present study.

An in vitro correlate of the in vivo cell-virus interactions was simulated by isolating peripheral blood cells on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient and testing their capacity to adsorb and act as host cells for BHV-1 replication. It was shown that all leukocytes, but not red cells, can adsorb virus readily. Of the leukocytic fraction, monocytes and lymphocytes adsorb the virus most effectively. Monocytes supported viral replication while lymphocytes could do so only after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin.

It is concluded that in vivo replicating BHV-1 is transported in monocytes, and is adsorbed to all leukocytes from which it finally reaches the placenta, leading to abortion.     

Some properties of beta toxin produced by Clostridium haemolyticum strain IRP-135

Six culture media were evaluated for the optimization of β-toxin production by Clostridium haemolyticum (strain IRP-135) using both batch and dialysis culture techniques. The lethal component of β-toxin remained active for 13 days when maintained at 37°C but was inactivated by heating at 60° for 20 min. A 1 : 10,000 dilution of trypsin inactivated the toxin in 15 min. Preliminary data from electrophoresis in SDS acrylamide gel indicate the molecular weight of the β-toxin to be approximately 32,000.     

Association of bovine secretory immunoglobulins with milk fat globule membranes

Milk IgA was seen to be largely associated with milk fat globules ( of the sIgA in whole milk). Isolated fat globules became agglutinated by anti-IgA and to a lesser degree by anti-IgM but not by anti-IgG₁ or anti-IgG₂ (microscopic plate agglutination). Absorption studies using anti-bovine sIgA showed that the cream contained some 16 times more IgA than the repective whey. Isolated milk fat globule membranes released IgA and SC when treated by Triton X 100 as demonstrated by double gel diffusion. IgA was the only membrane-associated component showing cross-reactivity with serum proteins in immunoelectrophoresis. An antiserum prepared against fat globule membranes showed strong anti-IgA activity. IgA from whey became absorbed into washed cream. The specificity of MFGM associated immunity was demonstrated by analysing the capacity of cream, isolated from mastitic cows, to bind homologous labelled bacteria (cream-rising test).     

Biochemical and functional characterization of lymphocytes from a horse with lymphosarcoma and IgM deficiency

Neoplastic lymphocytes from a horse with lymphosarcoma and IgM deficiency were analyzed for ability to grow in culture; surface and cytoplasmic IgM; functional activity in blastogenesis, cytoxicity, and suppressor assays; and activities of six enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolism. The cells lacked surface and cytoplasmic IgM. They had elevated activity of adenosine deaminase and reduced activity of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Neoplastic cells were nonresponsive in blastogenesis assay and did not kill allogeneic lymphocyte target cells or YAC-1 targets in a lectin-dependent cytotoxicity assay, however, the cells were active in a suppressor assay. They were grown for 16 weeks in cultures supplemented with interleukin 2, during which time the cells retained suppressive activity. These results are consistent with a T cell lymphoma of suppressor cell origin, and may explain the deficiency of IgM observed in some horses with lymphoreticular neoplasms.     

Effects of pseudorabies virus infection upon cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of porcine alveolar macrophages

Alveolar macrophages (AM) infected with Pseudorabies virus (PRV) were compared to noninfected AM for cytotoxicity against foreign or transformed cells and production of interferon (IFN). Five PRV strains were used to infect AM including strains that are known to be highly virulent for pigs, i.e. strain 4892 and strain S-62 as well as strains that are regarded as mild or nonvirulent, i.e. BUK and Bartha. The multiplicity of infection ranged from 0.005 to 0.05 TCID₅₀/cell. The target cells in the cytotoxicity assays were either chicken red blood cells, PRV-infected vero cells, or human myeloblastoma cells (K562 cell line). For the producton of IFN, AM cultures were treated with polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) diluted in tissue culture media at a concentration of 5 μg/10⁶ cells. Culture supernatants were collected at various times poststimulation and tested for antiviral activity using the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus replication inhibition test. Swine AM were able to lyse chicken red blood cells in an antibody-independent way but not in an antibody-dependent way, whereas lysis of PRV-infected vero cells was accomplished both ways. The cytotoxicity against chicken red blood cells was reduced in the PRV-infected AM as compared to noninfected cells, particularly in AM infected with virulent PRV strains. Specific ⁵¹Cr release values for AM infected with S-62 and 4892 strains were 14 and 19, while the noninfected AM had values of 36. Similarly, in the antibody-dependent cytotoxicity assay against PRV-infected vero cells there was no activity of AM against K562 cells. The production of IFN was readily stimulated with Poly I:C. The optimal time for supernatant collection was between 12 and 16h poststimulation. The antiviral activity was abrogated by treatment of the supernatant with antiserum against human leukocyte IFN; it was therefore considered to be due to interferon-alpha (IFN) released from the macrophages. The antiviral activity present in supernatants of PRV-infected AM was reduced compared to noninfected AM. The difference between AM cultures infected with virulent strains of PRV and noninfected AM cultures was statistically significant at P 0.025. The results provide support to the premise that the role of AM in lung defense can be compromised by PRV infection.