First reported case of spontaneous hermaphrodism in female date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), cv ‘Alligue’

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is dioecious with male flowers deficient in functional gynoecium and female flowers deficient in functional androecium borne on separate palms. The presence of male and female flowers on the same plant, a phenomenon known as monoecy, is unusual in male date palms.

This study reports for the first time on hermaphrodite (bisexual) flowers borne by two female date palms, ‘Alligue’, that were found growing in an open field in Degache, southern Tunisia. The observations on these two female palms were compared with hermaphrodite male date palms growing in the same location. Hermaphrodite female date palm inflorescence branches bear female flowers predominantly near their base, in contrast to the hermaphrodite flowers that are found primarily toward their upper part. The position of the hermaphrodite flowers in hermaphrodite male date palms is reversed: inflorescence branches bear male flowers toward the upper part while the hermaphrodite flowers are found at the base. Histological examination of female hermaphrodite flowers revealed that they had three carpels and 1–6 stamens. Hermaphrodite flowers on male plants were usually also composed of three carpels of variable size, and six stamens. Hermaphrodite flowers on both female and male palm trees turn generally into parthenocarpic fruits. The present data support the theory that dioecious plants are derived from a common hermaphrodite ancestor. Floral hermaphroditism in date palm should be investigated in relation to the in planta self-fertilization process to identify sex markers and genes that control sex organ development.     

中香梨的离体培养研究

[目的]对中香梨的离体培养进行研究。[方法]以中香梨茎尖和嫩叶为外植体,筛选适合中香梨茎尖培养及叶片愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基。[结果]中香梨茎尖培养的最佳培养基为MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.15 mg/L NAA+30 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂;叶片的最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L IBA+40 g/L蔗糖+6 g/L琼脂。[结论]通过茎尖培养可很快获得中香梨植株,但从愈伤组织诱导植株较为困难。     

2种景天植物组培快繁的研究

以松塔景天和粗壮景天的幼嫩茎尖段为外植体,通过初代培养、继代增殖、生根培养及驯化移栽建立了2种景天的离体快繁体系。结果表明：初代培养的松塔景天和粗壮景天最适灭菌时间分别为3 min和4 min;适宜增殖的培养基分别为MS＋6-BA0.50 mg/L＋NAA0.10 mg/L和MS＋6-BA0.50 mg/L＋NAA0.05 mg/L。生根最适培养基分别为1/2 MS＋IBA0.50 mg/L和1/2 MS＋IBA0.30 mg/L。试管苗移栽成活率均为90%以上。     

Exogenous proline mitigates the inhibition of growth of Nicotiana tabacum cultured cells under saline conditions

The addition of exogenous proline (10 mm) to Na100-saline culture medium, modified LS medium (Linsmaier and Skoog 1965: Physiol. Plant., 18, 100–127) with 100 mm NaCl promoted the growth of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Bright Yellow-2) suspension cells unadapted to salt stress without maintaining a high ratio of K⁺ to Na⁺ ions under salinity conditions. The addition of exogenous glutamic acid or alanine were not comparable to that of exogenous proline. The proline contents of the NaCl-unadapted cells became much higher when the cells were grown in Na100-saline culture medium with 10 mm proline than when the cells were cultured without proline. The accumulation of K⁺, Na⁺, counter ions was sufficient to compensate for the increase of the water potential of the cells caused by salinity. These results suggest that exogenous proline does not act as a nitrogen store and that proline may act as a protectant for enzymes and membranes against salt inactivation rather than as a compatible solute in tobacco suspension cells.     

不同培养基对葡萄柚砧木种子萌发的影响

为了找到柚类砧木苗培育的最佳培养基配方,以曼赛龙柚种子为试验材料,研究不同培养基、不同植物激素对种子萌芽和出苗的影响。结果表明:MS培养基对曼赛龙柚种子发芽率和出苗率比1/5MT、1/2MT、MT培养基及1/5MS、1/2MS培养基更好,出苗率为81.7%,是最适培养基。NAA、6-BA、GA_3均能缩短曼赛龙柚种子萌芽时间,而用100mg·L~(-1) GA_3浸种24h的种子发芽率和出苗率最高,效果最好。     

香蕉假茎纤维成分的分析

以香牙蕉（Musa cavendisihii,Me）的假茎纤维为原料,对它的水分、灰分、水溶物、脂肪和蜡质、果胶、木质素、半纤维素、含胶率和纤维素成分进行了分析。结果表明：纤维素是构成香蕉假茎纤维的主要成分,占总量的55．591％;胶质总含量41．948％,其中脂蜡质含量1．438,果胶含量6．975％,木质素含量8．742％,半纤维素含量17．378％。与其它植物纤维相比,虽然香蕉假茎纤维含纤维素量中等,含木质素较高,但仍然有开发价值。     

荸荠种杨梅的花色苷组分鉴定

采用纸层析、高效液相色谱、光谱分析等方法鉴定了荸荠种杨梅的花色苷组分．结果表明，其主要组分为矢车菊花色苷元－３－葡萄糖苷，以及少量天竺葵花色苷元－３－单糖苷和飞燕草花色苷元－３－单糖苷等．     

大叶红草色素水提取工艺优化及色素环境稳定性研究

[目的]获得大叶红草水提取工艺的最优参数,研究色素的应用环境稳定性。[方法]利用正交试验设计法,以色素溶液吸光度为考察指标,以料水比、温度、时间为影响因素,研究阳光直射以及室内光、热贮存条件下的稳定性。[结果]当料水比为1∶30 g/ml、温度为40℃、提取时间30 min时提取效果最好。并且通过提取率测定,验证了水是大叶红草色素最佳提取剂。色素在直射太阳光和室内光环境中表现出了良好的短时稳定性。pH缓冲体系的存在并不是必要的。色素的热稳定性很差,但在50℃以下热衰减较为缓慢。[结论]在室温并且完全避光的环境下,色素的保存时间不宜超过9 d。     

香蕉种质资源亲缘关系的ISSR分析

利用ISSR标记对3个基因型(AAA,AA和ABB)共35份香蕉种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行了分析,筛选出的6条ISSR引物共扩增出38条带,扩增片段长度为200～2 000bp,27条具有DNA多态性,多态性为71.05%,遗传距离为4.30%～33.33%。用UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,以遗传距离25%为阈值,35份香蕉种质可分成6个类群,除贡蕉(AA)和金粉1号(ABB)分别归为Ⅲ和Ⅳ两个类群之外,其余33份种质分为4个类群,其中Ⅰ类群包含着来自不同地方的基因型为AAA和ABB的22份香蕉种质。基因型为AAA和ABB的香蕉种质并不被简单地划分成两类,部分基因型相同的香蕉种质之间没有表现出紧密的亲缘关系。本研究所用的6条引物能把香蕉种质区分开,ISSR分子标记对研究香蕉种质资源的亲缘关系是有效的。     

Na2CO3胁迫对青海星星草种子萌发过程中水分吸收及膜透性的响应

采用不同质量分数Na2CO3溶液对青海星星草Puccinellia tenuiflora cv.Qinghai种子进行培育,结果表明:青海星星草种子萌发吸水过程可以分为3个阶段,其吸水量随着Na2CO3浓度增高而逐渐降低.但不同阶段吸水量随Na2CO3浓度的上升而下降的幅度不同,第1阶段降低幅度较小,第3阶段较大.当Na2CO3浓度大于4.00%时,青海星星草种子不萌发,吸水停滞于第2阶段.青海星星草种子的膜透性在吸涨初始时较大,随着吸水过程的进行,膜逐渐得以修复.Na2CO3胁迫下,膜系统修复受阻,Na2CO3浓度与膜透性正相关极其显著,膜修复受阻是Na2CO3胁迫抑制星星草种子萌发的重要原因之一.