长江1号苇状羊茅选育报告

以四川省20世纪80年代所进行牧草引种试验的苇状羊茅材料存留株为原始群体,采用单株混合选择法,经10多年的选育,育成新品种长江1号苇状羊茅。该牧草青绿期长、耐热、抗旱、耐瘠薄,耐伏旱高温;种子成熟期集中,种子产量高于对照品种Fawn苇状羊茅40%左右,干物质产量比对照提高10%以上,适应我国长江中下游低山、丘陵等地区种植,是建立人工草地、改良天然草场和生态建设的优良牧草。     

白灰毛豆和新银合欢水提液对白灰毛豆化感作用研究

配置4种不同浓度的白灰毛豆、新银合欢的鲜茎叶和凋落叶的水提液,测定其对白灰毛豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。探究白灰毛豆、新银合欢鲜茎叶和凋落叶水浸提液对白灰毛豆的化感作用,为优势种群的形成、群落的演替、植被的恢复等提供依据。结果表明,白灰毛豆、新银合欢鲜茎叶和凋落叶均有明显的化感作用。对种子萌发总体表现为低浓度促进,高浓度抑制。新银合欢水提液对白灰毛豆幼苗生长均表现为抑制作用,且浓度越高抑制作用越强。新银合欢的化感作用可能是群落演替中白灰毛豆被新银合欢快速替代的原因之一。     

大红甜橙遗传转化高效再生体系的建立

以大红甜橙的实生苗为试材,研究6-BA与IAA的不同浓度组合和Km不同浓度对大红甜橙不同外植体离体再生的影响和IBA的不同浓度对不定芽生根的影响,建立了高效的大红甜橙遗传转化再生体系.该体系的最佳条件是:1)以实生苗上胚轴为外植体.2)以MS无机盐 100mg/L肌醇 0.2mg/LV-B1 1mg/LV-B6 1mg/L烟酸 3%蔗糖 0.8%琼脂(pH5.8) 3mg/L6-BA为不定芽诱导培养基,在26℃黑暗条件下培养7d后,转移至光/暗周期16/8h的条件下诱导不定芽的分化(40d分化率达90%).以1/2MS 3%蔗糖 0.7%琼脂 2.0mg/LIBA为不定芽的生根培养基(40d生根率达94.7%).3)筛选遗传转化转化体的Km质量浓度为50mg/L.     

盐对柚幼苗的胁迫效应分析

以坪山柚为材料,研究了盐对坪山柚幼苗的胁迫效应。结果表明:40mmol/LNaCl胁迫30d,坪山柚幼苗受害症状轻,幼苗生长受影响小;80~200mmol/LNaCl胁迫30d,随NaCl浓度提高,坪山柚幼苗受害症状逐渐加重,幼苗株高、叶面积、地上部干重和根部干重明显降低。不同浓度NaCl胁迫20d,坪山柚幼苗根及地上部Na+,Cl-,甜菜碱质量分数增加,K+质量分数及K+/Na+质量比下降。NaCl胁迫影响坪山柚幼苗生长与Na+和Cl-大量积累有关。NaCl胁迫下,维持相对稳定的根与冠干重比、保持根K+与Na+质量比>1及根部具有较高的甜菜碱含量,是坪山柚幼苗耐盐胁迫的一种适应。      

Natural and artificially-induced habitat complexity and freshwater fish species composition

Abstract  The effects of habitat complexity, induced by construction of artificial reefs, on the fish assemblages in the Barra Bonita reservoir, Brazil, and in the lotic zone immediately below the dam were studied. Four artificial reefs were constructed in each habitat at variable distances from the shore. Multiple correspondence analysis showed that the factors distance from the shore and type of habitat were determinants for the group formation, and artificial reefs had a lesser effect. Fish species composition was about the same at locations with and without reefs.     

直立型扁蓿豆对干旱胁迫和复水的响应及适应策略

以直立型扁蓿豆[Medicago ruthenica（L.）Sojak.cv.Zhilixing]为材料,于苗期连续干旱处理12 d后复水4 d,研究直立型扁蓿豆幼苗形态结构特征、生理代谢及生物量分配对干旱胁迫及复水的响应,揭示直立型扁蓿豆对干旱胁迫及复水的适应策略。结果表明：随着干旱胁迫时间延长,直立型扁蓿豆叶片气孔开放率逐渐降低,处理9 d后气孔及表皮细胞密度比正常浇水处理（CK）分别增加48.5%和36.6%,形成小而密的表皮细胞和气孔。生理上,除MDA含量随胁迫时间的延长逐渐增加外,其余指标均先升高后降低,干旱胁迫9 d时达最高,SOD、POD、叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及脯氨酸分别较CK提高88.9%、111.2%、86.7%、140.5%、147.8%和124.6%。同时,生物量随胁迫时间的延长先增大后减小,于干旱胁迫9 d达最大值,比CK增加16.4%,总的分配格局表现出地上生物量投资高于地下,地下生物量投资比例随胁迫时间的延长逐渐增加,而地上生物量变化与其相反。复水后各指标均能恢复至CK水平或超过CK,表现出极强的复水敏感性和潜在恢复能力。该品种扁蓿豆对干旱胁迫及复水的适应主要分为3个时期：主动适应期,其生理参数的可塑性指数为形态参数的1.33倍,主要通过抗氧化及渗透调节来减少水分散失增加水分吸收、缓解氧化伤害以适应干旱逆境;被动适应期,其形态参数的可塑性指数为生理参数的1.31倍,主要采用牺牲生物量的生存策略以及降低色素含量减少光吸收的光保护机制来提高逆境下的生存能力;复水恢复期,根冠比、气孔开放率、气孔及表皮细胞密度比CK分别增加25.9%、29.7%、24.2%和16.3%,其较高的根冠比和叶片较高的气孔开放率及小而密的气孔及表皮细胞特征,保证了直立型扁蓿豆吸水能力以及水分运输效率的迅速恢复。综上,直立型扁蓿豆抗旱能力较强,能够通过形态生理的改变以及调整不同器官的生物量分配来应对与适应干旱逆境及复水,且在不同处理阶段采取不同的适应策略以达到生存目的。     

Iron uptake in a bicarbonate-resistant cell line of tobacco

Abstract

In alkaline soils, plant growth is impaired mainly by high pH and high concentration of bicarbonates. The bicarbonate concentration increases the pH value, and causes deficiency of iron. A bicarbonate-resistant cell line (BR line) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Burley21) was selected by adding excess bicarbonate ions (20 mmol L^?1) to the culture medium. The pH of the medium was buffered 8.0 to 8.3. Under these conditions, about 80% of iron in the medium became insoluble. However, under such conditions, the BR line grew well. In this report, we examined some characteristics of the growth and iron uptake in the BR line under iron-deficient (i.e. high pH or no-iron) condition. At pH 5.8, the Fe³⁺ reduction activity was not significantly different between the non-selected line and the BR line. At pH 8.0, however, the Fe³⁺ reduction activity of the BR line was higher than that of the non-selected line. In no-iron condition, the growth of the non-selected line was markedly reduced after 2 weeks, while the BR line was not affected. The content of malic acid in both lines increased with the medium pH, and the content in the BR line was higher than that in the non-selected line. The BR line was able to adapt to the conditions, which restricted iron uptake, such as high bicarbonate concentration, high pH, and low iron conditions. The high ability of Fe³⁺ reduction was maintained at even high pH conditions. Further, the BR line may be able to improve the utilization of iron in the cells.     

施钾对青引1号燕麦草产量及根系的影响

在缺钾地区，开展了不同施钾对青引1号燕麦（Avena sativa cv. Qingyin No.1）干物质产量和根系的影响，找出最佳施钾量，为青海省燕麦种子生产提供依据。结果表明，在施N 54.75 kg/hm2和施P2O5 51.75 kg/hm2的基础上，施K2O 40 kg/hm2，青引1号燕麦开花期收获时可获得最高的干物质产量和蛋白产量，分别为29575.0和2099.8 kg/hm2，二者均符合Y=a+bK+cK2函数变化。施K2O 40 kg/hm2，青引1号燕麦株高、总分蘖数、根长和根数最大，分别为184.5 cm、3.22个/株、15.90 cm和26.17 条/株； 施K2O 20 kg/hm2时，植株茎粗和根量达最大，分别为0.585 cm和0.540 g/株。各产量性状、地下生物量以及饲草和蛋白产量间均存在显著或极显著正相关关系。     

冬枣锈病发生与叶龄及其解剖结构关系的研究

为探讨冬枣叶龄、叶片解剖结构与锈病侵染和发病程度的关系，对冬枣3种不同叶龄的叶片进行锈病接种试验，并对叶片组织解剖结构进行了测定。结果表明：3种叶龄叶片感病程度由低到高依次为：成熟叶< 长成叶<嫩叶，由此可见，成熟叶对锈病的抵抗力最强；3种叶龄叶解剖性状在角质层厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比、叶片结构紧密度、叶片结构疏松度、气孔密度和气孔大小等指标有显著差异，但气孔开张结构性状差异不显著。文章筛选出了与冬枣锈病发生有关的叶片形态结构指标，为合理的控制冬枣锈病和筛选抗锈病冬枣优良单株的提供了理论依据。     

Histopathology of Hematopoietic Tissue in Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus,with Anemia

Outbreaks of anemia (CCA) in channel catfish, Ictalurirs punctatus, in Mississippi occur predominantly during spring and fall. Between October, 1990 and May, 1991, twenty-seven cases of CCA were submitted to the Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service-College of Veterinary Medicine Fish Diagnostic Laboratories. Histologic lesions were identified in the head and trunk kidneys of all affected fish. The head kidney contained less than 25% immature hematopoietic tissue in 3 of 22 cases (14%). 25-50% immature hematopoietic tissue in 7 of 22 cases (32%), and greater than 50% immature hematopoietic tissue in 12 of 22 cases (54%). The trunk kidney contained less than 25% immature hematopoietic tissue in 5 of 27 cases (18%), 25-50% immature hematopoietic tissue in 15 of 27 cases (56%), and greater than 50% immature hematopoietic tissue in 7 of 27 cases (26%). The histopathologic findings noted in cases of CCA from Mississippi affect primarily the hematopietic tissues of the head and trunk kidneys.