Detection of molecular markers linked to the durable adult plant stripe rust resistance gene Yr18 in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Stripe rust of wheat caused by Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici presents a serious problem for wheat production worldwide, and identification and deployment of resistance sources to it are key objectives for many wheat breeders. Here we report the detection of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to the durable adult plant resistance of cv. ‘Otane’, which has conferred this resistance since its release in New Zealand in 1984. A double haploid population from a cross between ‘Otane’ and the susceptible cv. Tiritea’ was visually assessed for adult plant infection types (IT) in the glasshouse and field, and for final disease severity in the field against stripe rust pathotype 106E139A⁺. At least three resistance loci controlled adult plant resistance to stripe rust in this population. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping results revealed that two of these, one on chromosome 7DS corresponds to the durable adult plant resistance gene Yr18 and other on chromosome 5DL were contributed from ‘Otane’; while the remaining one on chromosome 7BL, was contributed from the susceptible ‘Tiritea’. Interval mapping placed the ‘Otane’‐resistant segment near the centromere of chromosome 7DS at a distance of 7 cM from the SSR marker gwm44. The stability of QTL in the two environments is discussed. SSR gwm44 is potentially a candidate marker for identifying the durable resistance gene Yr18 in breeding programmes.     

SCAR marker tagged to the alien leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 uniquely marking the Agropyron elongatum-derived gene Lr24 in wheat: a revision

A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker tagged to an Agropyron elongatum‐derived leaf rust resistance (Lr) gene Lr19 was validated on 18 known alien Lr gener in near‐isogenic lines (NILs) in the variety ‘Thatcher’, along with three wheat cultivers carrying Lr24 and two carrying Lr19. The marker was expressed only in the Lr24 lines confirming that the marker tagged the geneLr24. The monomorphic expression of the SCAR marker in 10NIL pairs for Lr19 and Lr24 revealed that each NIL pair possessed the same gene, Lr24. The donor parents used in the NIL pairs for Lr19 (‘Sunstar*6/C80‐1′) and Lr24 (‘TR380‐14*7/3Ag#14′) amplified the same fragment. Nonsegregation for leaf rust in the F₂ population of the cross between the above donor parents confirmed the presence of the same gene in the two parents. Apparently, a genuine parent stock of ‘Sunstar*6/C80‐1’ was not involved in the development of the NIL pairs for Lr19 due to an improper maintence bredding protocol either at source or destination which went undetected in the absence of signs of virulence for either gene in the region.     

Genetics of colour traits in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

Five parents of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) having orange/beige cotyledon colour, brown/white testa colour, purple/green seedling colour and purple/white flower colour were crossed as a full diallele set. The inheritance patterns of cotyledon, testa or seed coat colour, flower and seedling colour, were studied by analyzing their F₁, F₂, BC₁ and BC₂ generations. The segregation pattern in F₂, BC₁ and BC₂, showed that cotyledon colour was governed by a single gene with incomplete dominance and it is proposed that cotyledon colour is controlled by two allelic genes, which have been designated Ct₁ and Ct₂. Testa colour was governed by a single gene with the brown allele dominant and the recessive allele white. This gene has been given the symbol H. Two complementary genes governed both flower and seedling colours. These flower and seedling colour genes are pleiotropic and the two genes have been given the symbols S and F.     

HACCP在热灌装饮料生产中的应用

简要介绍了HACCP体系的主要内容,并将其应用于热灌装绿茶饮料的生产过程当中,从品管的角度分析产品的危害因素,确定了关键控制点。通过HACCP体系在热灌装绿茶饮料中的应用,可有效控制热灌装绿茶饮料的质量,提高产品的安全性,同时也可以提高全员素质。     

一个新的水稻短根毛突变体的遗传分析和基因定位

根毛是植物吸收水分和养分的重要器官。本研究从T-DNA突变体库中获得一个以中花11为遗传背景的水稻短根毛突变体, 命名为ossrh3 (Oryza sativa short root hair 3)。该突变体的根毛伸长严重受阻, 并且伴随株高、主根长、侧根长和侧根数目等性状的改变。遗传分析表明该突变性状受1对隐性单基因控制, 利用ossrh3纯合体和籼稻品种Kasalath杂交构建F₂定位群体, 利用已公布的水稻SSR (simple sequence repeat)和自行设计的STS (sequence- tagged site)标记, 最终将OsSRH3定位在水稻第1染色体上的标记S38978和S39016之间, 物理距离约为37.7 kb, 包含8个候选基因, 为进一步克隆OsSRH3基因和研究禾本科作物根毛发育的分子调控机理提供了依据。     

泉州市两栖动物物种多样性研究

通过对福建省泉州市两栖动物资源调查,采用物种多样性指数和G-F指数对泉州两栖动物多样性进行评估以及对其地理分布进行了聚类分析。结果表明,泉州两栖动物共计32种,隶属2目7科11属;各地区的两栖类物种多样性差异较大,德化两栖动物的种类最多,为27种,其次是永春,为17种,物种数最少的分别是鲤城和石狮,均为3种。其中德化两栖类的F指数达3.54,G指数达2.43,为泉州地区最高,鲤城和石狮的F指数（0.69）和G指数（0.33）均为泉州地区的最低值;聚类分析表明两栖动物在泉州地区的分布主要受地理位置、温度和气候等因素影响。研究结果为泉州市两栖动物保护和监测提供了科学依据。     

湘西桤木人工林蓄积量模型及适宜经营密度研究

密度是表达林分结构的重要指标,立地条件、树种及林龄不同时,其林分最佳密度也不相同。笔者以湘西桤木人工林为研究对象,采用数量化方法I和非线性回归分析方法,对2009年和2010年调查的78块标准地数据进行数据分析处理与建模。结果表明：（1）平均高、公顷株数、土层厚度、龄组、坡向、坡位、自然灾害、海拔、树种组成8种因子中,平均高、公顷株数、土层厚度和龄组对湘西桤木人工林平均木材积和单位面积蓄积量均有显著性影响,而海拔和树种组成对湘西桤木人工林平均木材积和单位面积蓄积量均无显著性影响。这对建立桤木人工林蓄积量与密度、平均高收集数据时提供理论指导,同时既能节省外业调查费用,又能保证建模数据的科学性。（2）建立了湘西8~10年桤木人工林蓄积量与密度、平均高相关关系模型： ,建模精度为96.8458%,平均相对误差为1.1334%。模型适应性检验表明,残差值呈对称均匀分布,其平均相对误差为-1.2156%。（3）该地区8~10年桤木人林的最佳经营密度为800~1000株/hm2。这对于合理地经营和管理湘西桤木人工林具有重要的理论和实际指导意义。     

菜心种质资源遗传多样性的SRAP分析

为了合理利用菜心种质资源及提高菜心的育种效率,以44份菜心为试验材料,采用SRAP分子标记对菜心及其近缘种进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,27对引物共扩增出稳定清晰的条带418条,其中多态性条带为171条,多态性位点比例为40.2%。根据SRAP扩增结果,应用NTSYSpc2.1数据分析软件计算各品种间的遗传相似系数,表明这些材料间的遗传相似系数的变化范围是0.509~0.900。在相似系数为0.638的水平上,可将44份菜心分为2大类,第一类包括来自湖南的紫红菜薹,另一类包括其他所有绿叶菜薹品种。     

黄瓜品种主要农艺性状相关与主成分分析

为提高黄瓜新品种（系）农艺性状的选择效率,为品种筛选、更新及高产栽培等提供理论依据。以l0个黄瓜良种为材料,对其主要农艺性状进行变异、相关及主成分分析。黄瓜的变异系数最大的性状是第1雌花出现节位,达到63.53%,节间长的变异系数最小,为4.45%。单瓜重、结瓜数、雌花数、雌花着生节位雌花数、成瓜率、果实长、果实粗等7个性状与单株产量呈正相关,其中单瓜重、结瓜数与单株产量呈极显著的正相关;株高、节间长、第1雌花出现节位呈与单株产量呈负相关。从主成分分析看,前4个主成分的累积贡献率达93.8724%。为黄瓜自交系选育、杂交配组,选配黄瓜高产良种提供理论参考。     

陆地棉机采性状对皮棉产量的遗传贡献分析

 采用加性-显性-加加上位性及其与环境互作的遗传模型（ADAA模型）,对8个陆地棉亲本（其中有6个机采棉品种）及其F₁和F₂的28个组合5个机采性状和单株皮棉产量的新疆阿拉尔和石河子2试点资料,进行了贡献分析。结果表明,5个机采性状对皮棉产量表型值的贡献变化范围为－20%～－14%;在显性贡献中,第一果枝高度对皮棉产量的贡献率最大（CR_D=10%）,其次是节间长度的贡献（CR_D=8%）,而霜前花率对皮棉产量有较大的抑制作用（CR_D=－25%）;霜前花率对皮棉产量的加加上位贡献率最大（CR_AA=86%）,其次是第一果枝节位（CR_AA=24%）。霜前花率在特殊的环境中对皮棉产量表现为很大的显性正向贡献（CR_DE=78%）和加加上位效应抑制作用。不同亲本5个机采性状对其皮棉产量的显性和加加上位效应贡献不同。5个机采性状对不同组合皮棉产量显性效应的贡献较小,霜前花率对皮棉产量的显性效应的贡献在2个地点的表现往往和单株皮棉产量在不同地点表现显性效应的性质（正或负）相一致,并且在5个机采性状中对皮棉产量的显性贡献是最大的。加加上位效应在皮棉产量的遗传中起着很重要的作用,而在8个亲本及其后代各组合的5个机采性状中,霜前花率可作为选择皮棉产量加加上位效应的主选性状。在不同的环境中,皮棉产量加加上位效应的主选机采性状随组合有所不同。