基于EPUB3.0标准的科技刊物内容制作技术研究——以《热带作物学报》为例

通过对科技刊物数字化发展趋势的分析,提出《热带作物学报》可以在移动互联网环境下依照EPUB3.0标准进行数字化内容制作与编辑。在数字出版编辑制作系统的支持下,以图文混排进行自适应显示的EPUB内容制作方法说明,将已发表的期刊内容进行EPUB3.0标准的内容编排,通过移动阅读系统对内容进行了解析,并将最终显示效果与PDF文件展示效果进行对比,突出了基于EPUB标准制作的科技期刊内容的特点和优势。最后,根据研究结果对《热带作物学报》移动数字出版的后续应用进行探讨,展望了《热带作物学报》的数字出版发展前景。     

基于NDVI的乌梁素海湿地植被变化

运用3S技术,以1987、2000年和2010年的Landsat5 TM遥感影像为基础数据源,计算乌梁素海湿地3期的归一化植被指数(NDVI),基于NDVI像元二分模型反演了植被覆盖度。通过转移矩阵对比不同年际间各等级植被覆盖度的转化比例,并分析植被变化的驱动力。结果表明:1987—2010年,乌梁素海地区植被覆盖度总体较好,其中,低植被覆盖度(20%)所占比例由30.81%降低到了16.57%,中等植被覆盖度(20%~50%)所占比例变化不大,保持在14.50%左右,而高植被覆盖度(50%)所占比例则由原来的15.68%提高到了31.05%,整个地区的荒漠化土地在逐渐减少,农田的土地利用面积逐年增加。影响植被覆盖度的因素主要有人为因素和气候因素,人为因素不仅包括人类的生产活动对植被产生的影响,还包括对不同土地类型的利用及相关政策的实施等所产生的影响;气候因素则主要体现在温度和降水。     

添加糖蜜与乳酸菌对燕麦秸杆和黑麦草混合青贮品质的影响

为探讨西藏地区燕麦（Avena sativa L.）秸秆和多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）混合青贮使用添加剂改善发酵品质的措施,进一步提高燕麦秸秆利用效率,将收获籽粒后的燕麦秸秆和抽穗期刈割的多年生黑麦草以4∶6混合青贮,分别添加1×10⁶ cfu·g^-1 FW的乳酸菌制剂、4% FW糖蜜和乳酸菌+糖蜜,青贮60 d后取样分析青贮饲料发酵品质。结果表明：单独或组合添加糖蜜和乳酸菌均不同程度的改善了混合青贮发酵品质,显著降低了pH值、氨态氮/总氮、丙酸和丁酸含量（P<0.05）,显著提高了乳酸含量和乳酸/乙酸（P<0.05）。添加糖蜜组发酵品质优于添加乳酸菌组,显示较高的乳酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量（P<0.05）,且单独添加糖蜜与组合添加组各发酵指标无显著差异。综合考虑,在燕麦秸秆和多年生黑麦草（4∶6）混合青贮时添加4%糖蜜较为适宜。     

植被指数估算香格里拉地区植被覆盖度的精度对比分析

利用MOD13Q1数据构建多种植被指数,结合像元二分模型对香格里拉县植被覆盖度进行遥感估算,并通过实测数据和TM影像数据相结合,对估算结果进行精度验证。结果表明:（1）构建的4种植被指数NDVI,EVI,RVI,MSAVI均与研究区实际地表植被覆盖度具有较高的相关性,表明使用遥感方法对香格里拉县进行植被覆盖度的估算是可行的;（2）通过与TM影像进行对比分析,4种植被指数中,利用MSAVI估算的植被覆盖度更接近于香格里拉县的实际情况。     

中亚热带几种典型森林生态系统碳、氮储存功能研究

采用定位研究方法, 从生态系统服务功能角度, 对比研究了中亚热带区域7种典型森林生态系统碳、氮储存功能。结果表明, 次生常绿阔叶林碳、氮储存功能最强, 杉阔混交林碳、氮储存功能比同林龄的杉木纯林强, 而第1代杉木纯林碳、氮储存功能强于连栽杉木纯林。生态系统碳、氮储存功能空间分布基本一致, 土壤层是主要部分, 其次为乔木层, 然后是根系, 林下植被层和凋落层所占比例最小。相关分析表明, 土壤碳、氮储存功能与林下植被生物量、森林凋落物现存量之间都具有良好的线性关系, 但与地下部分生物量相关性不明显。     

Mixed forests and a flexible harvest policy: a problem for conventional risk analysis?

The famous “Faustmann” equation, which allows for identifying the most profitable tree species on a given unstocked piece of land, assumes constant timber prices. In reality, timber prices may fluctuate dramatically. Several authors have proven for monocultures that waiting for an acceptable timber price (reservation price) before harvesting (flexible harvest policy) increases the net present value of forest management. The first part of this paper investigates how efficient a flexible harvest strategy may be applied in mixed forests and whether the optimal species mixture is changed under such harvest policy. Mixtures of the conifer Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] and the broadleaf European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were investigated. In order to evaluate mixed forests, the risks and the correlation of risks between tree species as well as the attitude towards risk of the decision-maker (risk-aversion is assumed) were considered according to the classical theory of optimal portfolio selection. In the second part we took up a recent critique on modern financial theory by Mandelbrot. Whether or not the assumption of normally distributed financial flows, which are supposed to occur under risk, would be appropriate to evaluate the risk of forest management was investigated. Market and hazard risks as well as their correlation were integrated in the evaluation of mixed forests by means of Monte-Carlo simulations (MCS). The risk of the timber price fluctuation was combined with the natural hazard risk, caused mainly by insects, snow and wind. Applying the μ-σ-rule, the mean net present value (NPV) from 1,000 simulations and their standard deviation were used for the optimisation. Given a low-return, risk-free interest rate to assess potential species mixtures of the Norway spruce and European beech, optimal proportions of European beech increased according to the theory of optimum portfolio selection with growing risk aversion from 0 (ignorance of risk) to 60% (great risk-aversion). In relation to a fixed harvest policy, the net present value of both, Norway spruce and European beech, could be increased significantly. Since the hazard risks of European beech were substantially lower compared with the Norway spruce (relation of susceptibility 1:4) beech benefited more from the flexible harvest policy. A comparison of simulated frequency distributions of the NPV with the expected density functions under the assumption of a normal distribution revealed significant differences. Only in the case of European beech was the general shape of the simulated frequency distribution similar to a normal distribution (bell-shaped curve). However, the density of NPV close to the mean was much greater than expected under the assumption of a normal distribution. Consequently, the frequency of a negative NPV for a European beech forest was greatly overestimated when applying the normal distribution. Though the shape of the simulated frequency distribution was rather different from a normal distribution for Norway spruce the simulated part of negative NPV was quite well approximated by the normal distribution. Therefore the simulated and expected frequencies of negative NPV were similar in case of Norway spruce; only a slight underestimation was seen in the assumption of a normal distribution. It can be concluded that actually simulated frequencies of negative NPV seem to be better measures for risk than computed probabilities of negative NPV, which assume normal distribution. As the risk for European beech was greatly overestimated by the conventional assumption of a normal distribution, the optimal proportions of European beech were surely rather underestimated according to the theory of portfolio. MCS on optimum mixtures derived by the classical portfolio theory seems necessary to test the robustness of such mixtures.

山核桃幼林和黄花菜间作技术研究

通过对山核桃纯林、混交林（山核桃和楠竹）、林下间作（山核桃和黄花菜）等不同造林类型的调查和试验,筛选出山核桃幼林的最佳经营模式为山核桃×黄花菜,不仅能实现以短养长,而且具有较好的生态效益。根据黄花菜日产量变化图和趋势线,可以为制定采收和加工计划、合理安排人力物力等提供参考。     

十和田近等基因系糙米锌含量QTL定位

以十和田为轮回亲本,丽粳2号为供体亲本培育出糙米锌含量近等基因系群体BC5F6为材料,从遍布水稻12条染色体上的600对引物中筛选到一个与糙米锌含量有关的SSR标记RM4608.根据其在水稻染色体上的位置,结合PCR扩增结果又发现了与糙米锌含量有关的4个SSR标记(RM19491,RM19489,RM6119和RM19487).用MAPMAKER3.0软件做出了这5个标记的连锁群,最后采用混合线性模型定位法找到了糙米锌含量的QTL位点.QTL分析结果显示:该位点位于6号染色体上RM4608和RM6119标记之间,贡献率为5%,为新发现的与糙米锌含量有关的微效基因位点,暂命名为qZINC-6.同时与糙米铬和镁含量有关的QTL位点也被发现,其中糙米铬含量QTL位于标记RM19489和RM19491之间,贡献率为9%,是一个主效基因;糙米镁含量QTL位于标记RM4608-RM6119之间,是一个微效基因,贡献率为4%.     

糠醛渣混合基质在无土草毯人工栽培中的应用研究

[目的]研究糠醛渣混合基质的最佳配比组合,为糠醛渣混合基质在无土草毯栽培中的应用提供依据。[方法]以高羊茅为研究对象,设定3不同混合基质比例（糠醛渣：稻壳：粉煤灰：鸡粪容积）处理和1个对照（肥沃土壤：鸡粪容积）处理,研究混合基质配比对高羊茅幼苗生长发育的影响,并采用LSR法进行检验。[结果]结果表明,糠醛渣：稻壳：粉煤灰：鸡粪容积按0．25：0．15：0．50：0．10配成混合基质,进行无土草毯栽培时,与对照相比,容重降低了0．32g/cm^3,总孔度、毛管孔度、空气孔度分别增加了12．07％、10．90％和1．17％;自然含水量、蓄水量分别增加了21．244g/kg和109．19m^3／hm^2;有机质、速效N、速效P、速效K、CEC分别增加了109．22g／kg、13．50mg／kg、160．09kg／mg和13．27cmol／kg;高羊茅幼苗的株高、叶片数、鲜草质量、干草质量、密度、根系长、根系数量、根系鲜重、根系干重分别增加了30．64mm、0．45片／株、6．10mg／株、2．13mg／株、3．16株／cm^2、5．84mm、0．68条／株、1．30mg／株、0．50mg／株。[结论]混合基质以糠醛渣：稻壳：粉煤灰：鸡粪容积为0．25：0．15：0．50：0．10效果最佳,可以为无土草毯人工栽培创造了良好的环境条件和营养条件。     

白腐菌对简单混合染料的脱色

选取8株白腐菌分别与偶氮类染料刚果红和三苯甲烷类染料结晶紫共培养5d,进行脱色菌种筛选,发现白干酪菌和白耙齿菌对刚果红的脱色率均达到99%,血红密孔菌对结晶紫的脱色率达到90.62%.结合木素氧化酶系定性检测的结果,证明在相同培养条件下,漆酶活性是影响染料脱色率的主要因素;在振荡培养方式下菌种对染料的脱色率高于静置培养;利用筛选出的高效脱 色菌对简单混合染料进行脱色试验,同样达到了很好的效果,表明单一菌种的脱色效果要好于混合菌种.