几种蛋白质测定方法的比较

蛋白质与生命的起源、存在和进化都密切相关。蛋白质测定涉及到生产和科研的众多领域。本试验用凯氏定氮法、等电点沉淀法、紫外吸收法、双缩脲法、考马斯亮蓝染色法分别对牛奶、鸡蛋、酸奶、豆浆、杏仁露进行蛋白质含量的测定。依此分析比较各种测氮方法,总结出各方法的特点及适用条件。凯氏定氮法是适用范围最广测定结果最准确的方法,比色法则是操作最为简捷快速的方法,适用于结果要求不很精确的实验。     

可调红蓝光子比例的LED植物光源配光设计方法

为了动态控制用于植物生长的人工光源,该文提出一种以光子数作为评价标准,使红蓝光比例连续可调的LED植物生长光源的配光方法。综合考虑红、蓝2种波段光源及其他光谱的作用,该文采用白光LED与红光LED组合配比,以正向电流下LED的光谱密度数据作为计算基础,提出配光设计算法,实现红蓝成分有效光子数维持一定的要求下,红光与蓝光光子数比在指定区间(4:1~9:1之间)连续可调,从而满足植物不同生长状态对光质成分的需要。     

钼蓝比色法测定甜樱桃中还原型VC含量的条件优化

采用钼蓝比色法测定甜樱桃中还原型VC含量,探讨了此方法的最佳测定条件。结果表明,钼蓝比色法的最大吸收峰为850 nm,5%硫酸溶液和5%钼酸铵溶液的最佳用量分别为1.50 m L和3.00 m L,最适反应时间为14 min,在此条件下测得R2为0.998 7。优化后的测定方法变异系数小于5%,平均回收率为98.52%,还原型VC含量在0.00~0.12 mg/50 m L内呈良好的线性关系。该方法准确、快速、稳定,适合少量和批量样品的测定。用此法测得天水甜樱桃样品中的还原型VC的平均含量为2.032 mg/100 g。     

温度对考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质浓度的影响

[目的]研究温度在考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质过程中的影响,为准确测定蛋白质浓度提供建议和指导.[方法]通过考马斯亮蓝法测定在不同温度和孵育时间下对已知不同浓度的牛血清蛋白的影响.[结果]在0 ～ 100 mg/ml蛋白质浓度标准曲线测定范围内,室温20℃孵育20～30 min时测定的蛋白质浓度比较稳定.同时蛋白质浓度越高,考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质浓度过程中对各种因素影响的抵御能力越强.[结论]采用考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质浓度时,环境温度、待测样品浓度以及染料与蛋白质孵育时间等是决定实验结果准确性的重要因子.     

通用发动机排气口冒蓝烟原因分析

分析了通用发动机冒蓝烟的原因及其引发因素,总结了避免发生这种故障及延长发动机使用寿命的方法。     

A biogeography‐based management for Mytilus chilensis: The genetic hodgepodge of Los Lagos versus the pristine hybrid zone of the Magellanic ecotone

1. This study was intended to identify mussel species from the Magellanic ecotone, quantifying interspecific hybridization within Mytilus and depicting the genetic architecture of Mytilus chilensis in its South Pacific range.
2. The analysis comprises the sub‐Antarctic Magallanes Province as a rich ecotone of climates, ecosystems and admixed faunas embedded among the biogeographic regions of the Pacific, the Atlantic, and Antarctica.
3. Highly conserved molecular sequences within species were used to identify species, and polymorphic microsatellites were used to calculate the genetic architecture of M. chilensis. The absence of the invasive species Mytilus galloprovincialis from the M. chilensis range clarifies previous doubts on its expansion southward from the Arauco Gulf. The ubiquitous presence of the typical Glu‐5′‐Me‐15/16 PAP allele of Mytilus trossulus in the Northern Hemisphere might come from hull biofouling, but rather it seems to be an ancient polymorphism conserved in M. chilensis as occurs in blue mussels from other regions of the Southern Hemisphere. There is a very limited connectivity (F_ST = 0.167) between two latitudinal gene pools of M. chilensis that are highly divergent in composition, architecture, and ecological relevance.
4. Fifty years of aquaculture enhancement in Los Lagos explains its high diversity and genetic heterogeneity among patches, so its mussel management should seek a balance between exploitation and environmental sustainability.
5. The Magellanic ecotone bears a pristine M. chilensis × Mytilus edulis platensis hybrid zone around the Southern Cone, larger (450 km) than previously thought. Such a hybrid zone permeates one of the last remaining wilderness areas in the world (Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve) and is a natural laboratory for addressing introgression, hybridization, and evolution of Mytilus spp. genomes in their last southern frontier.

     

Elasmobranch pericardial function 2. The influence of pericardial pressure on cardiac stroke volume in horn sharks and blue sharks

The importance of negative pericardial pressure to heart function in clasmobranchs has been questioned due to the discovery of positive pericardial pressures in healthy horn sharks (Heterodontus francisci). We therefore implanted electromagnetic flow probes on the ventral aorta of horn sharks and blue sharks (Prionace glauca) and assessed stroke volume and pericardial pressure as pericardial fluid volume (PFV) was varied to test the hypothesis that elasmobranchs are capable of maintaining a relatively large stroke volume at pericardial pressures near and above ambient. Stroke volume was maximum between zero and 25% maximum PFV (maximum PFV: the volume of pericardial fluid required to open the pericardioperitoneal canal), where pericardial pressure was most negative. At 50% maximum PFV (pericardial pressure near or slightly above ambient) stroke volume was 70% and 98% of its maximum in horn sharks and blue sharks, respectively. At a larger PFV, stroke volume declined drastically, reaching zero where both PFV and pericardial pressure were maximum. Thus, at a pericardial pressure apparently associated with resting or mild activity, stroke volume is a relatively large proportion of the apparent maximum. Increased circulatory demands associated with strenuous activity may induce ejection of pericardial fluid through the perieardioperitoneal canal, which then lowers pericardial pressure. The lowered pericardial pressure causes an increase in stroke volume, indicating that control is in part effected by changing pericardial pressure.     

Comparison of the Effects of Four Freezing Methods on Motility Characteristics,Morphology, and Viability of Postthaw Stallion Epididymal Sperm

Semen cryopreservation is of growing interest in the horse breeding industry, and collecting epididymal sperm might provide the chance to preserve genetic material from valuable stallions after severe injury or death. In case of an unexpected emergency, there may not always be an adequate laboratory nearby. Therefore, we compared fast and slow freezing methods using either a programmable freezer or a styrofoam box filled with liquid nitrogen. Epididymides of 10 stallions were collected immediately after routine castration under general anesthesia. Epididymal spermatozoa were evaluated before and after the freeze-thaw process for motility, viability, morphological, and kinematic parameters. Neither postthaw motility nor kinematic values differed among the four freezing protocols. Morphological abnormalities after freezing and thawing differed among epididymal segments. However, there were significantly more nonviable spermatozoa after the freeze-thaw process using the fast freezing process in the styrofoam box filled with liquid nitrogen compared with all other freezing processes. According to the results of this study, freezing in nitrogen vapor should be considered as an alternative to the programmable freezer only in combination with a prolonged cooling period.