Production of Intergeneric Hybrids Between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sinapis alba</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica carinata</Emphasis>

Reciprocal crosses were made between Brassica carinata and its related species Sinapis alba. Pollen germination studies indicated the presence post-fertilization barriers in both ways. Sequential ovary–ovule culture helped to realize the intergeneric hybrids from the cross S. alba × B. carinata. The F₁ obtained was confirmed as a hybrid based on morphology, cytology and isozyme studies. The hybrid was backcrossed to its male parent and obtained BC₁ seeds, which were used to raise BC₁ generation. The BC₁ generation plants were further backcrossed to B. carinata in order to develop alloplasmic lines.     

测定奶粉中痕量碘的方法研究

研究了在稀HCl介质中,痕量I-对KBrO3氧化铬蓝黑R的阻抑作用及其动力学条件,建立了测定痕量I-的阻抑动力学光度分析的新方法。测定I-的线性范围为0～0.05μg/mL,检出限为2.1×10-9g/mL。     

Comparison of Phosphorus Determination Methods by Ion Chromatography and Molybdenum Blue Methods

The suppressed ion chromatography (IC) and molybdenum blue methods were used to comparatively evaluate phosphorus (P) concentrations. Most of the P was more resistant to hydrolysis in ion chromatography as compared to the molybdenum blue method. However, P analysis by IC is more liable to be interfered than the molybdenum blue method because of the presence of high bivalent and trivalent metal ions. Polyvalent metal ions interfere with organic P hydrolysis or the release of P from colloids during P investigation, which leads to a difference of ortho-phosphate concentrations determined by IC and molybdenum blue methods. During the environmental samples analysis, the ortho-phosphate obtained by the IC method was usually less than that obtained by the molybdenum blue method.     

Adsorption behavior of methylene blue on polyethylene-active carbon

The adsorption kinetics of methylene blue (MB) on the sintered high density polyethylene-active carbon (PE-AC) with respect to the initial dye concentration and time is investigated. The kinetic processes of MB adsorption is described by applying Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms models and the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and modified intra-particle diffusion models. The results show that significant increase in initial adsorption rate is observed with the increase temperature and initial MB concentration. The equilibrium adsorption is well described by the Freundlich isotherm model．The initial adsorption kinetics is more accurately represented by pseudo-first-order and the later adsorption kinetics is more accurately represented by pseudo-second-order. The calculation values of thermodynamic parameters present that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic in nature, and enthalpy(ΔH θ) and entropy(ΔS θ) are determined as 10.875 kJ/mol and 0.0515 kJ/(mol·K) respectively.     

Northern Blot and Immunohistochemistry Analysis of HMOX1 Expression in Blue- and Brown-shelled Chickens

HMOX1 is an important functional candidate gene for chicken blue egg in view of its role in biosynthesis of biliverdin for blue egg coloration. To elucidate molecular mechanism of blue egg formation, this study detected expression of HMOX1 in blue-shelled chickens and brown-shelled chickens. Expression and alternative splicing of HMOX1 were detected by Northern blot, expression traits of HO-1 protein in shell glands of blue- （n=4） and brown-shelled （n=4） chickens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. 3＇ UTR of HMOX1 was cloned using 3＇RACE. Results showed that the expression of HMOX1 at mRNA level had no significant difference between two groups of chickens, but at protein level HO-1 protein was highly expressed in blue-shelled chickens. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that HO-1 protein expression was predominately located in villus epithelial cell of shell gland. Length of HMOX1 3＇ UTR were 586 bp. In 3＇ UTR we found a SNP of rs13866562 showing significant association with blue egg phenotype. Further miRNA prediction showed that it might influence interaction of some miRNAs and target sequences. The data suggested that blue egg is relevant to high expression of HO-1 in villus epithelial cell of shell gland. Further experimental validation for biological relevance of miRNAs is dispensable to elucidate reason for differential expressions of HO-1 protein.     

Quantifying current and future risks of invasiveness of non-native aquatic species in highly urbanised estuarine ecosystems—A case study of the River Neretva Estuary (Eastern Adriatic Sea: Croatia and Bosnia–Herzegovina)

Biological invasions are a major driver of global environmental change as invasive non-native species can exert severe environmental impacts on invaded ecosystems. Estuaries are especially vulnerable to biological invasions, which in highly urbanised areas are further facilitated by introduction pathways linked to commercial activities. This study provides a risk screening of non-native invasive species for the highly urbanised River Neretva Estuary (Eastern Adriatic Sea: Croatia and Bosnia–Herzegovina). In total, 12 species of non-native aquatic organisms were identified and screened for their invasiveness with the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit. Of these species, eight were classified as carrying a high risk of invasiveness under current climate conditions and nine under future climate conditions. Amongst the high-risk species, blue crab Callinectes sapidus has already caused impacts in the risk assessment area, where it also represents an important economic resource. The “horizon” species Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum also carried a high risk of invasiveness, which for the latter species applied under predicted global warming. The present findings will contribute towards preventative management and control measures for the conservation of the natural ecosystem of the River Neretva Estuary whilst accounting for aquatic farming demands.     

土壤干旱胁迫对2种不同光合类型草坪草的光合特性和水分利用率的影响

以不同光合类型的草坪草--高羊茅Festuca pratensis cv.HoundogⅤ(C3植物)与钝叶草Stenotaphrum secundatum cv.Bitter blue(C4植物)为材料,植株盆钵表面覆盖度达95%以上开始断水,植物叶片出现永久萎蔫为干旱胁迫处理,正常供水为对照.结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,供试草种的叶片相对含水量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率、表观量子产额皆显著下降,而细胞间隙CO2浓度和光补偿点则明显上升,其中钝叶草的叶片相对含水量、蒸腾速率、光饱和点低于高羊茅,水分利用率、表观量子产额则高于高羊茅.由研究结果推论,相对于高羊茅,钝叶草更具有高光效、水分利用率,更适应于干旱环境.     

The effect of O,O-dimethyl-O-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) phosphorothioate (fenchlorphos) on cholinesterases in the blue fox (Alopex lagopus).

Four blue fox bitches were used in the experiments. Two foxes were given fenchlorphos in the feed, one 100 mg/kg body weight and the other 200 mg/kg daily for 30 days. The maximum inhibition of plasma Cholinesterase was 65 and 69 %, respectively. The corresponding values of the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase were 43 and 63 %.For the third bitch given 0.4 mg/kg as a single dose i.v. the effect was only measurable as a small transient decrease of the plasma Cholinesterase level.Eighty % of the plasma Cholinesterase of the fourth fox, given 500 mg/kg as a single oral dose, was inhibited on the third day. The erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity level only showed a slight decline. This fox vomited during feeding the day after administration.Symptoms as salivation, tremors, diarrhea, pinpoint pupils and respiratory distress were never seen in any of the foxes.It was concluded that fenchlorphos administration in the feed in doses recommended to dogs is well tolerated by healthy foxes as far as Cholinesterase inhibition is concerned.