A novel polymer membrane for extraction applications

In this study, a new type of Aliquat 336/PVC membrane has been made for extraction experiments. This new membrane is capable of holding more Aliquat 336 than previously developed extraction membranes, hence overcoming a major problem that has confronted many researchers for a long time. The new membrane has been used to investigate the rate of extraction for the Cd(II) ion in 2.0 M HCl solution and the effect of membrane thickness on the rate of extraction. The experimental results have shown this new membrane has a promising future in relevant industrial applications. A new method is also used in this study to qualitatively identify the oily substance on the surface of membrane after the extraction experiment was completed. This oily substance has been found to be Aliquat 336.     

霍山石斛·河南石斛金属元素含量比较研究

[目的]研究霍山石斛、河南石斛不同部位的金属元素含量,为霍山石斛、河南石斛质量评价与规范化栽培提供依据.[方法]利用原子分光光度计、火焰法测定霍山石斛、河南石斛中金属含量.[结果]石斛样品中根、度、叶金属铜、铅、铬、钙、锌、钡质量分数变幅分别为2.05 ～7.66、0.11 ～0.25、4.11 ～11.24、275.50 ～ 615.78、3.45 ～6.87、70.86 ～371.92 mg/kg;重金属元素铜和铅在规定限度范围内;不同药用部位金属含量存在差异.[结论]霍山石斛、河南石斛含有多种人体生长的必需金属元素,重金属铜、铅含量整体上是安全的;霍山石斛计部位的金属总量高于根和叶.     

细河沿岸土壤5种重金属污染现状评价

以细河沿岸污染土壤为对象,选取富官、翟家、大潘、彰驿站、大兀拉、前余6个区域,分0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm三层采集土壤样本,分析测定土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni的含量,应用单项质量指数和综合质量指数对土壤重金属污染现状进行评价。结果发现,研究区域的土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni的含量分别为:20.96~78.49,6.73~155.54,22.86~159.99,0.61~7.69,1.87~18.99 mg/kg。6个区域土壤0~30 cm三层的综合污染指数达到1.52~18.7,说明重金属污染严重,且中下游的4个区域土壤污染程度呈现随土层深度增加而加重的趋势;其中,Cd污染最重,所有样点三个土层Cd含量均超土壤环境质量标准的二级标准限值,超标达1.02~24.62倍;Cu,仅富官的部分样点超标,为轻度污染(PCu≤1.49),Ni、Zn、Pb则6个区域均未受明显污染。     

The effect of pH and calcium on copper availability to the springtail Folsomia candida in simplified soil solutions

The effect of pH and calcium on copper bioavailability to the springtail Folsomia candida was determined by assessing uptake kinetics upon copper exposure for 15 days in simplified soil solutions. A slight bioaccumulation of copper was observed in all treatments and controls. The effect of exposure concentration and calcium level on copper accumulation was not significant. Although pH and time slightly but significantly affected copper concentrations in the body, copper uptake rates were not significantly different from zero. This suggests that copper uptake in F. candida exposed to sub-lethal copper concentrations in soil pore water is not affected by pH and calcium.     

金属离子·有机溶剂对黄鳝碱性磷酸酶的影响(英文)

[Objective]The mechanism of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) was studied to promote rice-field eel aquaculture industry.[Method] The effects of effectors such as multiple metal ions and organic solvents on ALP in viscera of rice-field eel.[Result]Na+ and K+ didn’t generate big influences on enzyme activity;Mg2+ and Ca2+ could promote ALP while Li+,Cu2+ and Zn2+could restrain ALP enzyme activity.Both HPO42-and WO43-generated by enzyme catalyzing disodium phenyl phosphate possessed strong inhibitory effects on emzyme,and 9.5 mmol/L HPO42-would make enzyme activity decline by 13% while 9.5 mmol/L WO43-would make enzyme decline by 34%.The inhibition types of them were both competitive inhibition on enzyme activity.The organic solvents such as methanol,ethanol,ethylene glycol,isopropanol all generated influences on ALP and the order according to their inhibitory effects was isopropanol>ethanol> methanol>ethylene glycol.[Conclusion]The influences of various effectors on ALP activity of rice-field eel were studied from dynamics perspective to provide theoretical basis for further clarifying ALP mechanism.     

花草茶与传统茶的茶汤成分研究

[目的]对花草茶和传统茶茶汤成分进行研究。[方法]利用离子色谱仪、原子吸收分光光度计和紫外-可见分光光度计分别测定了花草茶和传统茶茶汤中的常见无机阴离子、金属元素和有机成分。[结果]茶汤中阴离子含量分布并不均匀,NO2-和NO3-仅在花草茶汤中检出。对人体有害的重金属元素Cd和Pb在2种茶汤中均未检出,Fe在花草茶汤中的含量略高于传统茶汤,Mn在传统茶汤中的含量显著高于花草茶汤,其他几种金属元素含量差异较小。浸出有机成分分析表明,传统茶汤的紫外-可见吸收光谱相同,花草茶汤的紫外-可见吸收光谱间存在较大差异。[结论]花草茶和传统茶茶汤成分存在较大差异。     

茶叶对烟气脱硫废水的处理研究

[目的]研究利用茶叶处理烟气脱硫废水,为烟气脱硫废水的处理研究提供参考。[方法]对不同品种的茶叶在不同的浸泡次数、浸泡温度及浸泡时间下茶汤中茶多酚的含量进行测定,分析不同条件下茶汤中茶多酚含量的变化。利用茶汤与烟气脱硫废水进行络合反应,得出两者反应完全时的体积比,确定反应的最佳条件。利用ICP-AES法测定烟气脱硫废水及反应沉淀上清液中金属的含量。[结果]结果表明,浸泡水温对茶汤中茶多酚含量影响较大。茶汤处理烟气脱硫废水的最佳条件是:绿茶在75℃的浸泡水温下浸泡1次20m in,此时,所用茶汤量最少,沉淀上清液的金属含量也较少。[结论]找到了较好的处理烟气脱硫废水的方法。     

微波消解-原子吸收法测定青竹标中的金属元素

[目的]建立一种简便、快捷测定青竹标中8种金属元素含量的方法。[方法]采用微波消解对中草药青竹标进行消解,并在火焰原子吸收光谱仪器最佳工作条件下,用标准曲线法测定其所含锌、铜、铁、锰、镉、铬、镁、钙8种金属元素的含量。[结果]青竹标中含有较丰富的Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cr。方法的检出限均小于0.007 2μg/ml,加标回收率95.1%~105.7%,相对标准偏差RSD≤2.99%。[结论]微波消解-原子吸收法处理青竹标,具有快速、简便、节省试剂、消解完全等特点,测定结果的精密度和准确度令人满意。     

植物叶片抗氧化系统及其对逆境胁迫的响应研究进展

植物体内存在着一套负责清除活性氧产生的抗氧化系统。在植物正常生长情况下,它使活性氧的产生和清除处于动态平衡状态。在逆境条件下,体内抗氧化系统清除活性氧能力下降,这种平衡被打破。综述了植物叶片内存在的抗氧化系统及其防御机制,重点论述了植物叶片抗氧化系统对干旱、低温、重金属等逆境胁迫的响应。并基于以上研究提出了一些需要进一步研究的问题。     

浅谈我国农田土壤重金属污染现状及修复研究

农田土壤重金属污染导致农作物重金属含量超标,这些重金属随食物链进入人体内,对人体健康造成危害。了解农田土壤重金属污染现状、重金属污染对农作物的危害,以及污染农田的治理修复,对维护人体健康具有重要意义。本文综述了我国农田土壤重金属污染现状,分析了农田土壤重金属污染可能对农作物造成的影响,概括了目前农田土壤重金属污染的主要治理方式,并分析了这些治理方式的差异性和优缺点,对未来农田土壤重金属污染治理的方向作出了展望。为该领域初学者了解该领域研究方向、发展趋势和研究热点提供了指导,也为我国农田土壤重金属污染治理的进一步研究提供参考。