崩岗堆积土体渗透特性及剖面水分特征——以广东省五华县莲塘岗崩岗为例

[目的]崩岗内部堆积土体是侵蚀的主要物质来源。通过对其渗透过程进行研究,揭示其中的规律性,探索崩岗的侵蚀机理。[方法]采用自制双环渗水试验装置,结合PR2/6土壤剖面水分测定仪,在广东省五华县莲塘岗崩岗野外现场进行渗水试验。[结果](1)崩积锥稳渗率在0.58~2.41mm/min之间,3个试验点平均稳渗率为1.37mm/min,沟道土体平均稳渗率高达5.58mm/min,渗透过程以重力流为主,土体结构稳定;(2)入渗速率与时间成负指数幂函数关系,符合Kositakov模型;(3)初始含水率越高,湿润锋移动速度越快,影响范围越深,稳渗时湿润锋深度在600~1 000mm及以上;(4)土体剖面含水率分布受土体非均质性的影响,自上而下呈波动式下降。[结论]崩岗堆积土体最大失稳深度至少为600~1 000mm,甚至可以达到1 000mm以上,崩积锥的非均质性具有阻渗作用,易形成滞水层并发生潜蚀,对崩岗侵蚀过程产生影响,是渗透研究的重点。     

不同丘陵地柑橘采后生理变化与活性氧代谢的关系研究

试验研究不同丘陵地柑橘果园锦橙果实采后生理变化与活性氧代谢的关系结果表明 ,2个试点柑橘果实采后活性氧均呈先升后降趋势 ,超氧化物歧化酶活性升高峰值滞后于活性氧 ,低温贮藏活性氧与几种膜保护酶活性均明显下降 ,但超氧化物歧化酶与过氧化氢酶活性相对值较高。活性氧代谢还与植物内源激素、丙二醛含量和电解质渗漏率及果实品质变化有密切关系。     

Modern forestry vehicles and their impacts on soil physical properties

“Close-to-nature forest stands” are one central key in the project “Future oriented Forest Management” financially supported by the German Ministry for Science and Research (BMBF). The determination of ecological as well as economical consequences of mechanized harvesting procedures during the transformation from pure spruce stands to close-to-nature mixed forest stands is one part of the “Southern Black Forest research cooperation”. Mechanical operations of several typical forest harvesting vehicles were analysed to examine the actual soil stresses and displacements in soil profiles and to reveal the changes in soil physical properties of the forest soils. Soil compaction stresses were determined by Stress State Transducer (SST) and displacement transducer system (DTS) at two depths: 20 and 40 cm. Complete harvesting and trunk logging processes accomplished during brief 9-min operations were observed at time resolutions of 20 readings per second. Maximum vertical stresses for all experiments always exceeded 200 kPa and at soil depths of 20 cm for some vehicles and sequences of harvesting operations approached ≥500 kPa. To evaluate the impacts of soil stresses on soil structure, internal soil strengths were determined by measuring precompression stresses. Precompression stress values of forest soils at the field sites ranged from 20 to 50 kPa at soil depths of 20 cm depth and from 25 to 60 kPa at soil depths of 40 cm, at a pore water pressure of −60 hPa. Data obtained for these measured soil stresses and their natural bearing capacities proved that sustainable wheeling is impossible, irrespective of the vehicle type and the working process. Re-occurring top and subsoil compaction, increases in precompression stress values in the various soil horizons, deep rut depths, vertical and horizontal soil displacements associated with shearing stresses, all affected the mechanical strengths of forest soils. In order to sustain naturally “unwheeled” soil areas with minimal compaction, it is recommended that smaller machines, having less mass, be used to complete forest harvesting in order to prevent or at least to maintain currently minimal-compacted forest soils. Additionally, if larger machines are required, permanent wheel and skid tracks must be established with the goal of their maximum usefulness for future forest operations. A first step towards accomplishing these permanent pathways requires comprehensive planning with the Federal State Baden-Württemberg. The new guideline for final opening with skid tracks (Landesforstverwaltung Baden-Württemberg, 2003) proposes a permanent skid track system with a width of 20–40 m.     

Permeability determination and pharmacokinetic study of nobiletin in rat plasma and brain by validated high-performance liquid chromatography method

In the present study, we are reporting permeability and pharmacokinetics of nobiletin in rat plasma and brain, using a validated reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method. Protein precipitation method was used for the extraction of nobiletin and coumarin (IS) from rat plasma and brain tissue. The system was run in isocratic mode with mobile phase consisting of potassium dihydrogen ortho-phosphate (pH 4.5; 0.04 mM) and acetonitrile in ratio of 50:50, v/v. The total chromatographic run time was 9.0 min. The method was proved to be accurate and precise at linearity range of 0.05–10 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of ≥ 0.994 in rat plasma and ≥ 0.995 in rat brain. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy values are found to be within the assay variability limits as per the FDA guidelines. Nobiletin was found stable in the battery of stability studies viz., bench-top, auto-sampler, freeze/thaw cycles and long term storage in a freezer at − 70 ± 10 °C. Maximum concentrations of nobiletin in both plasma and brain were observed at 1 h after single oral dosing (50 mg/kg). The maximum concentration in plasma and brain were 1.78 and 4.20 μg/mL, respectively. The AUC_0–t in plasma and brain were 7.49 and 20.66 μg·h/mL, respectively. The mean elimination half life (t_1/2) in plasma and brain were 1.80 and 11.42 h, respectively. The Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) permeability of nobiletin was found to be high at both pH 4.0 and 7.0.     

辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病菌菌丝体细胞膜通透性的影响

以辽细辛精油为材料,以黄瓜灰霉病菌为靶标,采用干菌丝和鲜菌丝两种处理方法,测定了辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病菌菌丝体电导率的影响,结果表明,无论是干菌丝还是鲜菌丝,精油处理后灰霉病菌菌丝体的电导率均随着精油处理浓度的加大而提高、随处理时间的延长而提高.说明辽细辛精油对黄瓜灰霉病菌菌丝体细胞膜的通透性具有一定影响,可引起细胞膜...     

The fractal characterization of pore structure for some numerical rocks and prediction of permeabilities

This paper uses the fractal theory of pore structures for porous media to study the fractal characterization of pore structure for nine numerical rocks. The results show that the fractal dimension of solid phase is usually greater than the pore fractal dimension, and its fractal scaling regions is less than the one of pore phase. This indicates that the numerical rock is an approximate two-phase fractal porous media. The porosities, volume fractions and permeabilities of nine numerical rocks are predicted. The results show that the fractal theory about pore structures of numerical rocks is effective in describing the porosity and permeability. Moreover, it seems to be more effective for solid phase in approximate two-phase fractal porous media. When predicting permeability using the fractal theory, it is very important to accurately determine the maximum pore size and the range of statistical self-similarity. By comparing the two kinds of predicted permeabilities,it is found that the FT method used by this paper is more accurate, more general and less computational cost than the PNEM method which has been worldwide used.     

Mechanism analysis of permeability based on promoting coal matrix shrinkage by water jet

High pressure pulsed water jet (HPWJ) is a new technology of effectively improving coal seam permeability. However, the mechanism of increased permeability is not yet clear, which restricts the application of HPWJ in different coal seams. From the perspective of improving permeability by coal matrix shrinkage, the impelled dynamic equations is established based on analysis of coal dynamic effects by water jet. According to theoretical analysis of the stress state of coal matrix, it is concluded that HPWJ can promote coal matrix shrinkage, and the relationship equation between jet impact-coal matrix is derived. Besides, the gas seepage function in the coal slotted by the HPWJ is gained by using PM model, which provides theoretical support for generalizing the technology in the coal mine.     

盐逆境下甘蔗叶片膜脂过氧化与保护酶的活性

２个耐盐力不同的甘蔗品种桂糖１１（耐盐）和粤糖５７４２３（不耐盐），经过不同质量分数的ＮａＣｌ溶液处理后．甘蔗叶片质膜透性和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量均有不同程度的增加，其中又以不耐盐品种的粤糖５７４２３增加明显．与此同时，叶组织内过氧化物酶和超氧物歧化酶活性下降，过氧化氢酶活性除在较低质量分数的ＮａＣｌ下表现增强外，随ＮａＣｌ质量分数的提高也表现出活性下降的趋势．随着ＮａＣｌ质量分数的提高，叶片的叶绿素含量下降．以上变化的幅度均以不耐盐的品种粤糖５７４２３更加明显．     

喷施多效唑对盐胁迫下紫羊茅脯氨酸含量和膜透性的影响

本文采用50 mg·L^-1、100 mg·L^-1和200 mg·L^-1等3种浓度的多效唑喷施1%盐胁迫下的冷季型草坪草紫羊茅（Featua fubraL.）,以电导法测定叶片膜透性、茚三酮比色法测定叶片脯氨酸含量,探讨多效唑提高紫羊茅耐盐胁迫能力的效果。结果表明：只有50 mg·L^1浓度的多效唑可以使紫羊茅的脯氨酸含量极显著增高,但对膜透性的影响表现出随多效唑浓度增高膜透性也增高。     

过路黄对低温胁迫的生理反应

为探明过路黄低温致伤的生理特性，为其引种北移、栽培推广提供理论依据，研究了在低温（10，5，0，-5℃）胁迫下过路黄叶片内部生理生化反应的变化情况．结果表明，在低温胁迫下，过路黄叶片的质膜透性、保护酶活性和渗透调节物质均有明显的变化．在试验处理范围内，随着低温胁迫程度的加深和时间的延长，过路黄叶片的质膜透性上升；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性先上升，后下降；游离脯氨酸（Pro）含量有明显增加；丙二醛（MDA）含量呈逐渐上升趋势．