大叶伞标准化繁育技术研究

以大叶伞(Schefflera actinophylla)幼嫩顶芽和茎段为外植体进行芽诱导、增殖、生根和移栽技术研究.结果表明,最佳增殖培养基为MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.15 mg/L NAA,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.1 0～0.15 mg/L NAA.大叶伞增殖阶段对光照度和培养周期适应范围较广,连续培养时光强设为1 000～1 500lx,增殖周期设为6周,可以提高生产效率,降低生产成本.水分管理是大叶伞低温季节温室移栽的关键,生根试管苗移栽入泥炭∶珍珠岩=3∶1的混合基质中,成活率可达95％以上.     

长白落叶松S_(1-1)换床苗配方施肥技术研究

以长白落叶松S1-1苗木为对象,利用正交试验方法研究氮、磷、钾肥对苗木生长量和叶绿素含量的影响,结果表明:影响苗木生长的各肥料因子表现为尿素过磷酸钙≥硫酸钾,其中,尿素对苗高、地径及叶绿素含量的影响差异显著,为影响苗木各项指标的主导因子;培育换床苗的最佳施肥量为尿素55 g·m-2、过磷酸钙200 g·m2或150 g·m-2、硫酸钾60 g·m-2或20 g·m-2。     

不同栽培方法对桉树组培苗生长的影响

采用随机区组设计,在桉树组培苗移栽中开展不同育苗容器、基质和根系处理的试验,三因子的各个处理间的苗高均存在极显著差异。多重比较结果表明:采用塑料袋或无纺布育苗容器、轻基质和假植后剪根移栽为移栽的最优条件,可获得最大苗高的桉树组培苗。采用直接移栽的桉树组培苗出现根系逆向生长和卷曲的几率则明显大于通过剪根处理培育的桉树组培苗。     

铁皮石斛组培苗生长差异与移栽成活率相关性研究

为了确定不同添加物处理对铁皮石斛组培苗生长和移栽后成活的影响,在培养基中分别添加食用甘薯粉、工业甘薯粉、食用马铃薯粉、工业马铃薯粉、木薯粉、香蕉粉以及香蕉泥进行培养,2个月后对组培苗进行移栽驯化,并统计地上部及地下部指标,4 个月后统计移栽成活率。结果表明,添加食用甘薯粉处理的组培苗鲜重和分蘖数最多;而添加香蕉泥处理有利于组培苗株高、节间数、叶片数及2~5 cm之间根数的增加;添加工业甘薯粉处理的组培苗茎粗最粗。各处理对移栽成活率的影响因素由高到低依次为：香蕉泥＞工业甘薯粉木薯粉＞工业马铃薯粉＞食用甘薯粉＞香蕉粉跃食用马铃薯粉。通过对不同添加物处理下组培苗性状与移栽成活率的灰度关联分析,得出影响石斛组培苗成活率的首要因子为节间数,其次为叶片数和株高袁而2~5 cm根条数,大于5cm根条数、鲜重、平均节间长、总根数、分蘖数、茎粗尧小于2cm根条数等指标与移栽成活率关联度较低。因此,在铁皮石斛组培过程中,除了注意诱导生根外,还要注意添加物的种类,尤其以能促进其节间数、株高、叶片数增加的添加物最为重要。     

井窖式烟草移栽机设计与试验

针对井窖式烟草移栽人工栽植劳动强度较大、现有机械化装备作业效率和可靠性不高等问题,结合"井窖式烟草移栽技术"提出的农艺要求,设计一种用于井窖式烟草移栽的专用移栽机.在确定整机的结构和工作原理的基础上,对成穴移栽注水机构和栽植器进行设计,建立成穴移栽注水机构的运动学模型,以此建立其人机交互辅助界面,通过人机交互的方式获取...     

自动化玉米移栽机送苗装置的研究

玉米是我国主要农作物之一,其生产效率与生产质量的好坏,直接关系着我国粮食安全。传统的玉米播种方式,不仅生产效率、作业质量和标准化程度均比较低,无法实现高效率全自动大面积玉米播种或者套种的实际需求。在新时期,随着城镇化进程加快,农村劳动力日益短缺,加上社会经济发展与科学技术的进步,为我国玉米移栽机自动化技术开发设计提供了必要的支撑条件。为此,对我国东北地区玉米试验田进行相关研究,就自动化玉米移栽机及其送苗装置技术的研发、设计进行探究,并重点阐述其基本工作原理。     

NE苗木助长剂在苗木培育和杨树造林中的应用

NE苗木助长剂是中国农业大学、吉林大学化学系与佳木斯大学联合研制的可溶性苗木助长剂。经北华大学林学院和红石林业局在东兴苗圃、板庙子林场的苗木培育和造林中应用，取得了良好的结果。     

免耕抛栽水稻源库特性研究

近些年来,水稻免耕抛秧栽培在中国广西等部分地区发展迅速。为了探讨免耕抛栽水稻产量形成特点,以金优253(OryzasativaL.)为试验材料,以常耕抛栽水稻为对照,从叶面积大小、剑叶光合速率与衰老、库的大小及源库比率等方面研究了免耕抛栽水稻的源库特性。结果表明,免耕抛栽水稻早、晚季产量分别为5.97t/hm2和7.53t/hm2,常耕抛栽水稻分别为6.19t/hm2和7.63t/hm2,其产量差异在早季和晚季均不显著。与常耕抛栽水稻相比,免耕抛栽水稻的每穗总粒数和单位面积上的总粒数较多,各生育期的叶面积指数较大,灌浆期剑叶光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量较高,而过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性及丙二醛的含量较低,在生理上存在一定的优势。但是,免耕抛栽水稻的源库协调能力较差,粒叶比和结实率下降,致使免耕抛栽水稻在产量上表现出一定的劣势。免耕抛栽水稻粒叶比和结实率的下降是由于其生产的干物质更多地分配在叶片中、贮藏在茎鞘中的干物质在抽穗后向穗部运转的能力较差造成的。     

棉花不同种植方式和新技术应用对气候条件的要求及播栽期的确定

为促进麦棉双增双扩，本文就当前棉花生产中几种栽植方式、新技术，分析其对气候条件的要求，按当地气候资源来确定播（栽）期。     

Modern forestry vehicles and their impacts on soil physical properties

“Close-to-nature forest stands” are one central key in the project “Future oriented Forest Management” financially supported by the German Ministry for Science and Research (BMBF). The determination of ecological as well as economical consequences of mechanized harvesting procedures during the transformation from pure spruce stands to close-to-nature mixed forest stands is one part of the “Southern Black Forest research cooperation”. Mechanical operations of several typical forest harvesting vehicles were analysed to examine the actual soil stresses and displacements in soil profiles and to reveal the changes in soil physical properties of the forest soils. Soil compaction stresses were determined by Stress State Transducer (SST) and displacement transducer system (DTS) at two depths: 20 and 40 cm. Complete harvesting and trunk logging processes accomplished during brief 9-min operations were observed at time resolutions of 20 readings per second. Maximum vertical stresses for all experiments always exceeded 200 kPa and at soil depths of 20 cm for some vehicles and sequences of harvesting operations approached ≥500 kPa. To evaluate the impacts of soil stresses on soil structure, internal soil strengths were determined by measuring precompression stresses. Precompression stress values of forest soils at the field sites ranged from 20 to 50 kPa at soil depths of 20 cm depth and from 25 to 60 kPa at soil depths of 40 cm, at a pore water pressure of −60 hPa. Data obtained for these measured soil stresses and their natural bearing capacities proved that sustainable wheeling is impossible, irrespective of the vehicle type and the working process. Re-occurring top and subsoil compaction, increases in precompression stress values in the various soil horizons, deep rut depths, vertical and horizontal soil displacements associated with shearing stresses, all affected the mechanical strengths of forest soils. In order to sustain naturally “unwheeled” soil areas with minimal compaction, it is recommended that smaller machines, having less mass, be used to complete forest harvesting in order to prevent or at least to maintain currently minimal-compacted forest soils. Additionally, if larger machines are required, permanent wheel and skid tracks must be established with the goal of their maximum usefulness for future forest operations. A first step towards accomplishing these permanent pathways requires comprehensive planning with the Federal State Baden-Württemberg. The new guideline for final opening with skid tracks (Landesforstverwaltung Baden-Württemberg, 2003) proposes a permanent skid track system with a width of 20–40 m.