Patterns of rabies occurrence in Bhutan between 1996 and 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate incidence and seasonal trends of rabies in dogs and other domestic animals in Bhutan from 1996 to 2009. Time series analysis approach was used to determine the seasonal trend and temporal association between species-specific rabies cases in animals. A total of 814 rabies cases were reported during the 14-year period, of which cattle and domestic dogs accounted for 55% (447/814) and 39% (317/814) of the cases, respectively. The remaining 6% of the cases (50/814) were reported in horses (2%), cats (2%), pigs (1%) and goats (1%). Rabies cases were reported throughout the year with more reports during spring and summer months. The annual patterns of cases were stable from 1996 to 2005, but the incidence increased during 2006 and 2008. Fifty-nine of the 205 sub-districts reported rabies in animals from 1996 to 2009 with increased incidences in the four districts in southern Bhutan, an area located close to the border towns of India. A significant (P < 0.05) positive cross-correlation was observed between the number of cases in dogs and other domestic animals at time lags (months) 1-3 with the highest correlation (r = 0.94, P < 0.05) observed at time lag 0 (same month) indicating that the peak in rabies incidences occur in the same month when both dogs and other domestic animal cases are reported. Regression analysis predicted rabies in other domestic animal when there are reports of rabies in dogs during the previous months. This study provides useful information about the epidemiology of rabies that can be used to plan a rabies control programme in Bhutan.     

One-stage prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrin degradation product concentration, and antithrombin activity in healthy adult alpacas

Background: Alpacas are increasingly presented to veterinarians for evaluation and care. Reports of alpaca reference intervals for one‐stage prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), concentration of fibrin degradation products (FDP), and antithrombin (AT) activities are scarce or nonexistent. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine values for blood coagulation times (PT, aPTT, and TT), FDP concentrations, and AT activities in healthy adult alpacas. Methods: Of blood samples collected from 35 clinically healthy adult alpacas via jugular venipuncture and placed into sodium citrate and FDP tubes, 29 samples were assayable for coagulation testing. PT, aPTT, and TT were determined by physical (mechanical) clot detection; AT activity was determined using a thrombin‐specific chromogenic substrate end‐point assay; and FDP concentrations were determined by the slide agglutination method. Results: Median values and ranges (minimum–maximum) were determined for PT (8.7 seconds, 6.6–11.2 seconds), aPTT (17.3 seconds, 11.9–22.5 seconds), TT (10.2 seconds, 5.4–16.0 seconds), and AT activity (123.3%, 104.8–144.2%). The mean concentration of FDP was <8 μg/mL. Conclusion: These values for coagulation times, FDP concentration, and AT activity will provide a useful starting point in the diagnostic evaluation of ill adult alpacas.     

饲粮蛋氨酸水平对繁殖期蓝狐繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中蛋氨酸水平对繁殖期蓝狐繁殖性能的影响。选择健康雌性初产蓝狐150只,随机分为5组,每组30个重复,每个重复1只蓝狐,均为单笼饲养。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.20%、0.45%、0.70%、0.95%和1.20%蛋氨酸的试验饲粮。试验期为2014年2月10日至2014年5月31日。结果表明:Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组蓝狐最先开始发情,也最早结束,Ⅰ和Ⅴ组蓝狐发情时间稍晚。受配率、受胎率均以Ⅱ组最高,Ⅱ组受配率分别比Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组高出17%、3%、10%及14%。窝产仔数和初生个体重各组间差异不显著(P0.05);初生窝重随着饲粮蛋氨酸水平的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势,并且Ⅰ和Ⅱ组显著高于Ⅴ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组初生成活率极显著高于Ⅴ组(P0.01)。由此得出,饲粮中添加0.45%蛋氨酸,即饲粮中蛋氨酸水平为0.98%时,可满足繁殖期蓝狐对蛋氨酸的需要。     

不同转群时间及喷洒精油对仔猪断奶应激的影响

为探讨不同的转群时间及转群前后喷洒精油对仔猪断奶应激的影响,优化仔猪断奶转群模式,试验选择28日龄、断奶体重（7.00±0.50）kg的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪192头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复16头。采用2×2两因素试验设计,分别探讨不同转群时间（08：00、20：00）及是否喷洒精油（喷洒、不喷洒）对断奶仔猪腹泻率、死亡率、血液生化指标、氧化指标及免疫指标的影响。结果表明：转群后1、8、24 h,各试验组仔猪血清总蛋白（TP）和白蛋白（ALB）含量差异均不显著（P>0.05）;转群后1和8 h,晚上转群组仔猪血糖（GLU）含量低于早上转群理组,喷洒精油后GLU进一步降低;仔猪转群后1、8、24 h,各试验组仔猪血清中皮质醇（COR）和丙二醛（MDA）水平随转群后时间的增加而降低。转群后1和8 h,喷洒精油的两组仔猪血清MDA水平显著低于不喷组（P<0.05）,24 h后血清COR水平显著下降（P<0.05）;转群后1、8、24 h,各处理组仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量无显著差异（P>0.05）,转群后1和24 h,早上转群但不喷洒精油组仔猪血清白细胞介素-10（IL-10）与晚上转群且不喷洒精油组无显著差异（P>0.05）,而喷洒精油后,IL-10水平均显著下降（P<0.05）,以晚上转群且喷洒精油组仔猪血清IL-10水平最低。综上所述,晚上转群对断奶仔猪的应激程度小于早上转群,喷洒精油能进一步缓解应激,晚上转群并喷洒精油是减少仔猪断奶转群的理想模式。     

Behaviour in one fast-growing and one slower-growing broiler (Gallus gallus domesticus) hybrid fed a high- or low-protein diet during a 10-week rearing period

This study compared behavioural time budgets, presence of comfort behaviours and social behaviours in two different broiler genotypes (the fast-growing Ross 308 (R) and the slower-growing Rowan Ranger (RR)) fed organic diets with high (17.0% crude protein (CP)) or low (14.5% CP) protein content during a 10-week rearing period. 429-day-old chicks (218 R and 211 RR, respectively) were included in the study and behaviour was recorded at 2, 6 and 9 weeks of age. The results showed no effect of diet treatments but that R broilers were less active and sat, ate and drank more frequently than RR broilers, which stood and perched more frequently. However, both hybrids showed decreasing activity and foraging behaviour with increasing age, while time spent eating and sleeping was approximately similar over the entire rearing period.     

不同时间引入公羊对非繁殖季节诱导卡拉库尔母羊同期发情的试验

将90只处于乏情期的卡拉库尔母羊随机分为两组，统一使用孕激素合剂处理与阴道海绵孕酮埋植12d和肌注PMSG，对两组母羊在不同时间引入处理公羊。结果表明，发情前2d引处处理公羊组97.8%母羊表现发情，第1和第2情期产羔母羊数占处理母羊数的93.3%，其中第1情期产羔母羊数占处理母羊数的48.9%，产羔的综合效果优于发情当日引入处理公羊组。     

毛形线虫各隔离种保姆细胞形成时间的研究

通过对 4个毛形线虫隔离种保姆细胞形成时间的研究 ,发现分离自中国猪的旋毛形线虫和波兰猪旋毛形线虫 (Trichinella spiralis)在小鼠膈肌中出现保姆细胞的时间比较早 ,分别于感染第 16天和 18天出现 ,第 36天和 38天所有幼虫都已形成保姆细胞 ,而分离自犬的毛形线虫和熊的本地毛形线虫 (Trichinella nativa)出现保姆细胞的时间较晚 ,于感染第 2 0天和 2 2天出现 ,第 32天完全形成。结果表明 ,中国猪旋毛形线虫与波兰猪旋毛形线虫 ,犬毛形线虫与本地毛形线虫分别是同一旋毛虫隔离种     

甘肃高山细毛羊的生产效益分析

根据收集不同年龄羊的养殖产投数据，建立数学模型，得知纯收入最高，应在1．6岁屠宰，但考虑牧草供给与绵羊生长情况，最佳屠宰年龄还与出栏率有关。     

盐酸多西环素片在羔羊体内残留消除规律及休药期分析

旨在确定盐酸多西环素片按照给药说明给药后在羔羊体内的残留消除规律及休药期.将盐酸多西环素片根据体重以5 mg·kg-1内服给药,间隔24h,连续给药5次.在最后1次给药后,分别在第0(12小时)、1、2、3、5、7和9天时间点采集羔羊脂肪、肌肉、肝和肾,采用建立并验证的HPLC-VWD方法测定组织中多西环素的含量.结果...