茶花无性繁殖实践经验小结

通过对茶花进行插穗、插叶芽、嫁接幼芽、大树嫁接换冠四种无性繁殖试验,扦插繁殖成苗率分别为80.8%、48.1%,嫁接繁殖成活率分别为85.3%、90%,表明叶芽繁殖不易控制,成苗率较低;大树嫁接换冠繁殖的成活率较高;嫁接繁殖比扦插更具优势。     

Root exposure effects on water relations of Eucalyptus nitens nursery stock

Bare-root seedlings of Eucalyptus nitens frequently exhibit water stress after planting resulting in leaf lamina damage and reduced leaf area. Two trials examined effects of root exposure and desiccation between lifting and transplanting on post-planting water relations, leaf retention and root growth. Plants with roots exposed on a glasshouse bench initially lost water rapidly. In one trial ₁ declined to around –2.0 MPa within 2.5 h, after which there was no further change with exposure up to 7.5 h. In the second trial, the initial decline in ₁ was more rapid, reaching below –2.0 MPa in the first hour, before remaining stable with continuing exposure up to 4.5 h. A further decline then continued to –4.0 MPa after 7.5 h.Two days after transplanting into potting mix, day – time leaf water potentials in all desiccation treatments had declined to near –2.0 MPa. Hydraulic resistivity, measured as leaf specific resistivity two days after transplanting, increased following exposure for greater than 2.5 h, but there was no further increase between 4.5 and 7.5 h. The increase in resistivity corresponded with leaf water potential declining below –2.0 MPa during exposure.In the second trial, increasing root exposure time resulted in decreased leaf area due to lamina necrosis. Root growth, measured three weeks after planting, was also reduced. and there was also a positive curvilinear relationship between leaf area remaining at three weeks and new root growth. The results are discussed in terms of hardiness and the management of E. nitens seedlings from nursery to plantation.     

利用松褐天牛转管繁育管氏肿腿蜂研究初探

利用松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus幼虫转管繁育管氏肿腿蜂Scleroderma guani,研究转管对发育历期、繁蜂量等的影响.结果显示:转管繁育缩短了管氏肿腿蜂的产卵前期,对管氏肿腿蜂的寄生成功率、产卵量、子代蜂的数量有较显著影响,第1次转管时这3项指标较为理想.综合比较了发育历期、寄生率、寄生成功率、产卵量、子代蜂数量和性比等各项指标后认为:转管繁育是提高管氏肿腿蜂繁蜂量的一种优良技术,繁蜂量比不转管增加3.97倍.     

Bulk method of hardwood cutting propagation ofLarix olgensis

Larix olgensis is a major reforestation species in areas of the northeast part of China. Rooted cutting for vegetative propagation on this Larch has been carried out since 1990, and later the bulk method of hardwood cutting propagation also has been studied. The result is as follows: (1) Cuttings from physiologically juvenile trees are easy to root, and develop better roots. In addition, there are many methods to enhance the cuttings rooting. (2) The good time for seedling transplanting is in the middle of August. Treatments with plant hormones and rare-earth compounds can improve the seedling survival rate, and the survival rate of the seedlings soaked in chelate rare-earth molybdenum compound (300×10⁻⁶) for 3 hours reached 94.00%, 19.49% higher than that of the control. (3) Methods of maintaining juvenility such as hedging, is essential to further developments for operational planting of vegetative propagates. Hedges in 5 years old can produce 91.75 shoots per tree, exceeding the control to 152.2%. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

蔬菜移栽机栽植静轨迹可调式鸭嘴栽植装置设计与试验

蔬菜移栽机在膜上移栽时,只能在较小的范围内调整株距,以保证较小栽植穴口,株距过大会造成栽植器前移撕膜,过小会导致栽植器后移带膜,形成较大穴口,影响幼苗后期生长,为此设计一套栽植静轨迹无级可调的往复式鸭嘴栽植装置。在分析栽植装置结构特点、工作过程及调整构件尺寸参数和安装参数以实现不同株距较小穴口栽植原理的基础上,提出了一套栽植静轨迹无级可调的栽植机构及其栽植方法。通过建立机构的运动学模型,开发了可视化辅助设计软件,分析了各参数对栽植特性的影响,使用逐步逼近法确定了一组满足要求的参数：L₁=35 mm、L₂=350 mm、L₃=70 mm、L₅=280 mm、d_D=358 mm、Φ₄=15°、x_B=20 mm,标定了株距每间隔50 mm对应的支点B纵坐标y_B的位置。根据机构参数组合设计了鸭嘴栽植装置并建立了三维模型,进行了运动学仿真,验证了鸭嘴栽植装置结构设计的可行性。开展了实验室样机试验,试验结果表明：栽植株距在1...     

不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特性

【目的】 明确不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特性,为西南稻区中籼杂交稻机插高产栽培和品种选育提供理论和实践依据。 【方法】 以西南稻区的20个中籼杂交稻品种为材料,依据日产量将供试品种聚类为高日产、中日产和低日产3个类型,进而研究了不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻间的氮素积累、分配、转运及氮素生产利用效率的差异及其与日产量的关系。【结果】（1）不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻间氮素积累特性差异明显。较中日产和低日产类型,高日产类型机插杂交籼稻在拔节前（播种—拔节期）具有较低的氮素积累比例,但其能有效提高拔节期和齐穗期各器官及植株含氮量,成熟期穗部和植株含氮率,以及2017年拔节—齐穗阶段的氮素积累量和2018年齐穗—成熟阶段氮素积累速率,进而提高全生育期氮素积累速率,使全生育期植株氮素积累量分别增加了3.70%—5.97%和16.57%—18.63%。（2）高日产类型机插杂交籼稻具有较高的齐穗期茎鞘和成熟期穗部氮素分配比例,以及较低的成熟期叶片氮素分配比例,其地上部营养器官（特别是茎鞘）氮素转运量明显高于中日产和低日产类型。（3）低日产类型机插杂交籼稻显著提高了氮素干物质生产效率,而高日产类型则能有效提高氮素收获指数和偏生产力。（4）相关分析表明,随日产量增加,各生育时期植株含氮率,拔节—齐穗阶段植株氮素积累量和积累速率,齐穗期茎鞘氮素分配比例和氮素偏生产力均显著增加,拔节前氮素积累比例、成熟期叶片氮素分配比例和氮素干物质生产效率均显著降低。【结论】整体看来,拔节—齐穗阶段植株氮素积累速率快、积累量大,齐穗期茎鞘和成熟穗部氮素分配比例高,可作为高日产类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特征指标。     

不同播栽期对山地烟叶产质量的影响研究

2013年,为探寻邵阳山地烟叶的最适播种期和移栽期,进行了不同海拔、不同品种、不同播种期和移栽期的的试验。结果表明：在海拔250、450、650 m的最适宜播种期是12月20日左右。在海拔250 m的地区适宜移栽期应该控制在3月25日之前,在海拔450 m和650 m的地区移栽区应该控制在4月4日之前。     

添加配重的五杆式丹参移栽机构动力学优化设计与试验

配重法能降低五杆式丹参移栽机构的振动,改善其动力学性能.为获取所添加配重的最优参数,建立五杆式丹参移栽机构的动力学模型,在动力学模型的基础上建立移栽机构的动力学优化模型,运用多目标函数获取机构不同转速下所添加配重的优化参数,通过动力学分析,确定曲柄转速为60 r/min时所对应的配重参数为最优参数组合:曲柄AB添加配重...     

桂花种植密度调控对生长量的影响

试验采用‘金桂’桂花品种苗木在山坡地种植,在不同生长阶段采用疏移措施调整桂花密度。结果表明：不同生长阶段密度调控对桂花的生长具有极显著影响,以初植密度（株行距）1 m×1 m,在4年树龄及7年树龄时适时疏移2次的生长量最大;初植密度（株行距）2 m×2 m,在树龄6年疏移1次的生长量次之;初植密度（株行距）3 m×3 m,在生长期内不疏移的生长量最小。     

江苏水稻机插秧发展现状与技术对策

本文简述了江苏省机插秧的发展现状,分析了水稻机插在江苏省推广应用中存在的问题,并从品种应用、育秧环节、栽插规格、肥水运筹等方面阐述了机插秧的高产栽培技术对策。