气相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中多效唑农药残留

[目的]建立固相萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱联用检测土壤中多效唑农药残留的方法。[方法]样品经乙腈提取、固相萃取柱净化后,采用丙酮+正己烷混合液(15∶85,V/V)洗脱,洗脱液经浓缩后采用气相色谱/串联质谱仪进行测定。[结果]多效唑的质量浓度(0.005~0.500 mg/L)与其峰面积成良好线性关系,最小检出量为6.03×10-13g(S/N=5),样品的添加回收率为70.50%~96.73%,日内和日间相对标准偏差均不大于6.73%。[结论]该方法具有操作简便、高效、灵敏度高等特点,可应用于土壤样品分析。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定板栗中58种农药残留

为建立适用于板栗多种农药残留检测的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法,以乙腈为提取溶剂,样品经高速均质提取,PSA、C18固相萃取柱净化后用HPLC分离,以Agilent C18(2.7μm,2.1 mm×100 mm)为色谱柱,甲醇和0.1%甲酸-2 mmol/L乙酸铵水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,进样量5.0μL、流速300μL/min,在ESI离子源、正离子扫描、动态MRM模式下,以保留时间和质荷比对分离的组分定性,外标法峰面积定量。结果表明:58种农药在各自的线性范围内相关性良好(r0.99),各农药的加标回收率范围为60%~120%,符合残留检测要求。     

不同菌种发酵水豆豉风味多肽的差异

为缩短发酵周期,使人工接种发酵的水豆豉产品风味与自然发酵的风味相同,筛选出适合工业化生产的发酵菌粉,确定不同菌种发酵对水豆豉产品中多肽及风味肽的影响,采用LC-MS/MS(液质联用)技术检测3种发酵工艺生产的水豆豉产品中多肽的氨基酸序列,分析对比多肽序列及所属蛋白的类别。结果表明:A_3菌粉人工接种发酵、自然发酵和纳豆菌粉发酵的3个样品中分别检测出186、176和445条多肽,分别分解自23种、21种和31种蛋白。3种不同菌株发酵的产品中鉴定出47条相同的主体风味肽,其中A_3菌粉发酵产品中共检测到88条主体风味肽与自然发酵的风味肽相同,其多肽含量和种类更接近,风味也更接近。     

QuEChERS-液质联用法测定水果蔬菜中氯吡脲残留

[目的]采用快速提取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(Qu ECh ERS-HPLC-MS/MS)建立水果蔬菜中氯吡脲残留的检测方法。[方法]样品经含0.1%乙酸的乙腈溶液提取,经Qu ECh ERS法净化后采用HPLC-MS/MS法测定其氯吡脲残留量。[结果]该方法下氯吡脲在水果蔬菜中的检出限(LOD)为1.0μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为5.0μg/kg。在2.0~100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好(R~20.999)。在10.0~500.0μg/kg的添加水平上,方法的平均回收率介于72.0%~115.0%,方法的相对标准偏差为1.5%~9.8%。[结论]该方法适用于水果蔬菜中氯吡脲的测定。     

芸薹属作物花粉发育相关基因MS1的生物信息学分析

[目的]利用生物信息学分析芸薹属作物MS1基因的结构功能,为作物杂种优势利用提供理论参考.[方法]以拟南芥花粉发育关键基因AtMS1为参考序列,通过BLAST比对获得同源基因序列,运用生物信息学方法对其编码氨基酸序列进行预测分析.[结果]从甘蓝型油菜、白菜、甘蓝等芸薹属作物基因组中获得4条同源序列,与AtMS1基因的相似性在88.0%以上,均含有3个外显子,其CDS序列长度均为2004 bp,编码667个氨基酸.4个芸薹属作物MS1蛋白均含有1个植物同源结构域(Plant homeodomain,PHD),属于亲水性不稳定蛋白,定位于细胞核,磷酸化以丝氨酸(Ser)为主,以苏氨酸(Thr)和酪氨酸(Tyr)为辅;二级结构均由α-螺旋、β-转角、延伸链和无规则卷曲组成,其中α-螺旋所占比例最高,在40.00%以上,β-转角所占比例最低,仅为10.00%左右;其三级结构大致相同,均为球状的功能结构域.4个芸薹属作物MS1蛋白和AtMS1蛋白序列的相似性为95.69%.4个芸薹属作物MS1蛋白的PHD结构域序列高度保守,仅有3个位点氨基酸残基存在差异.19个不同植物的MS1同源蛋白聚为两大类,其中琴叶拟南芥、亚麻荠、萝卜的MS1蛋白与4个芸薹属作物MS1蛋白及拟南芥AtMS1蛋白聚为一类,均属于十字花科植物,即MS1蛋白的聚类结果与植物系统分类结果相吻合.[结论]芸薹属作物MS1基因属于PHD-finger基因家族,其序列高度保守,参与调控花粉发育成熟过程.     

浙江省主要畜禽产区养殖废水中抗生素残留研究

结合固相萃取、高效液相色谱—串联质谱分析,建立了适合畜禽养殖废水中磺胺类、氟喹诺酮类、四环素类、氯霉素类等共29种抗生素残留的测定方法,废水样品经盐酸调节pH 6.0、离心后经HLB固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱—串联质谱正离子模式测定磺胺类、氟喹诺酮类、四环素类,负离子模式测定氯霉素类。空白地表水中磺胺类和氟喹诺酮类添加浓度为0.02～1.0μg.L-1,四环素类和氯霉素类添加浓度为0.04～1.0μg.L-1,回收率范围为68.6%～95.0%(n=5),相对标准偏差(RSDs)为2.8%～12.3%,方法的定量限(LOQ)为0.02～0.04μg.L-1。利用该方法对养殖废水、养殖场附近河域20个水样进行测定,检出5种磺胺类化合物和氟苯尼考。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘中苯醚甲环唑的不确定度评定

[目的] 对气相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘中苯醚甲环唑农药残留进行不确定度评定。[方法] 运用气相色谱-串联质谱法对柑橘中苯醚甲环唑残留量进行测定,建立数学模型, 分析测定过程的主要不确定度来源, 对各个分量进行评估。[结果] 测量不确定度主要来源于前处理方法提取和净化产生的回收率差异、标准溶液配制和目标物色谱峰面积测定误差。当苯醚甲环唑的残留量为 0.047 mg/kg 时, 扩展不确定度为 0.003 mg/kg (P=95%, k=2)。[结论] 该方法适用于气相色谱-串联质谱法测定苯醚甲环唑残留量的不确定度分析, 可为农药残留测量结果的准确性提供科学可靠的依据。     

Rapid Mining of Novel α-Glucosidase and Lipase Inhibitors from Streptomyces sp. HO1518 Using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS

A rapid and sensitive method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was applied for the analysis of the metabolic profile of acarviostatin-containing aminooligosaccharides derived from Streptomyces sp. HO1518. A total of ninety-eight aminooligosaccharides, including eighty potential new compounds, were detected mainly based on the characteristic fragment ions originating from quinovosidic bond cleavages in their molecules. Following an LC-MS-guided separation technique, seven new aminooligosaccharides (10–16) along with four known related compounds (17–20) were obtained directly from the crude extract of strain HO1518. Compounds 10–13 represent the first examples of aminooligosaccharides with a rare acarviostatin II02-type structure. In addition, all isolates displayed considerable inhibitory effects on three digestive enzymes, which revealed that the number of the pseudo-trisaccharide core(s), the feasible length of the oligosaccharides, and acyl side chain exerted a crucial influence on their bioactivities. These results demonstrated that the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach could be applied for the rapid identification of aminooligosaccharides and other similar structures in complex samples. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of acylated aminooligosaccharides with conspicuous α-glucosidase and lipase inhibition for the future development of multi-target anti-diabetic drugs.     

梭梭幼苗根系分泌物提取方法的研究

为了探讨梭梭根系分泌物中的化学成分,本文采用水浸提取和循环灌溉两种方法对梭梭幼苗根系分泌物进行收集和提取,结合气相色谱-质谱联用分析技术,分析梭梭幼苗根系分泌物中组分和含量的差异。实验结果表明:循环灌溉收集的梭梭幼苗根系分泌物中检测到35种化合物,包括酚醌类、醛酮类、醇类、酸类、脂类和胺类化合物;硅烷化处理后,主要增加部分强极性有机酸,如苯甲酸。水浸提取梭梭幼苗根系分泌物的中性相组分共检测出27种化合物,但未检测到酚醌类化合物;碱性相组分共检测出23种化合物,醛酮类化合物种类减少,烷烃类化合物种类增加;酸性相组分中仅检测到10种化合物,以醇类化合物为主,占检出化合物总量的72.62%。收集梭梭幼苗根系分泌物循环灌溉是一种有效的方法。     

Evidence of diadromy in the French Polynesian Kuhlia malo (Teleostei: Percoidei) inferred from otolith microchemistry analysis

Abstract – Strontium/Calcium (Sr/Ca) and Barium/Calcium (Ba/Ca) ratios were measured in 60 otoliths of the French Polynesian flagtail Kuhlia malo. Both elemental ratios were needed to correctly distinguish residence in marine, brackish and fresh water. High Sr/Ca and low Ba/Ca around the nucleus of all otoliths provided evidence of marine residency during the early life of all individuals. At about 0.5 mm from the core, Ba/Ca increased rapidly and remained high in all otoliths. High and unstable Sr/Ca ratios were attributed to estuarine residency, whereas low and stable Sr/Ca ratios were attributed to freshwater residency. These chemical signatures inferred that following recruitment to rivers, some fish remained in the estuary, while others moved upstream. Some individuals shared their time between fresh and brackish waters later in life. The findings of this study have important implications for the protection of nearshore, brackish and freshwater environments for the conservation of this French Polynesian diadromous species.